Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of differentiated goat nutrition on milk yield and composition, mineral content and fatty acid profile of caprine milk fat. The investigation included 40 goats from two farms (A and B). During the research period, the goats from farm A received a ration comprising pasture green forage, meadow hay and concen-trate, whereas a feed ration for goats from farm B was composed of carrot, meadow hay, carrot, concentrate and dry sugar beet pulp. Concentrate feeds were based on cereals and legumes or rapeseed meal and mineral-vitamin mixture. During the study period at each farm, goat nutrition was evaluated six times (feed intake, chemical composition of feeds, nutritive value of ration) as well as milk yield and composition (basic components and mineral composition, fatty acid profile in milk fat).
The goats fed diets with carrot and pulp besides hay and concentrate, showed the mean daily milk yield higher by 12%. No differences concerning the SFA level in goat milk fat were recorded. Milk fat from goats supplied with a pasture fodder-based diet (farm A) contained a higher amount of MUFAs as compared to milk fat from those whose diet included carrot (farm B). A contrary significant dependence was determined for the PUFAs. The mineral composition of milk was shown to vary, but only phosphorus and iron levels differed significantly.
References
Bielak F., 1995. Kształtowanie się jakościowych i technologicznych cech mleka w zależności od poziomu żywienia mineralnego krów i higieny jego pozyskiwania. Rozpr. hab., Rocz. Nauk. Zoot. Kraków 1995.
Boyourth C., Vernay M., Moncoulon R., 1994. Effect of calcium salt soft fatty AIDS on rumen function the digestibility of ration by sheep. J. Sci. Food and Agric. 64, 341–347.
Brzóska F., Gąsior R., Sala K., Zyzak W. 1999. Effect of linseed oil fatty acid calcium salts and vitamin E on milk yield and composition. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 8, 367–378.
Chachułowa J., 1999. Pasze. Wyd. Rozwój SGGW Warszawa.
De Simiane M., Giger S., Blanchart G., Huguet L., 1981. Nutritive value of cultivated forages. [In:] Nutrition and systems of goat feeding (eds. P. Morand-Fehr, A. Bourbouze, M. De Simiane). ITOVIC_INRA, Tours, France.
Ganong W. 2005. Review of Medical Physiology. McGraw-Hill.
Gniot-Szulżycka J., Leżnicki A., Komoszyński M., Kowalczyk S., Wojczuk B., 2002. Materiały do ćwiczeń z biochemii. Wyd. UMK.
Hames B. D., Hooper N. M., 2005. Biochemia. PWN Warszawa.
Herdt T. H. 2000. Variability characteristic and test selection in herd-level nutritional and metabolic profile testings. Vet Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16 (2), 387–403.
Jamroz D., Potkański A., 2004. żywienie zwierząt i paszoznawstwo. Podstawy szczegółowego żywienia zwierząt. T. 2. PWN Warszawa.
Janicki B., Borys B., Borys A., Borzuta K., 2005. Effect of different participle size of rapeseed and linseed in fattening lamb diets. II Yield of slaughter byproducts. 11th Seminar FAO-CIHEAM „Advanced nutrition and feeding Strategies to Improve Sheep and Goat Production”, September 8–10, 2005. Catania Italy, 53.
Jarrige R., 1989. Żywienie przeżuwaczy. Omnitech Press, Warszawa.
Kowalski Z. M., 2006. Żywienie kóz mlecznych i odchów koźląt. [In:] Podstawy szczegółowego żywienia zwierząt (eds. D. Jamroz, A. Potkański). PWN, 187–212.
Kruczyńska H. 1992. Efektywność mineralnego żywienia krów i cieląt w warunkach Wielkopolski. Rozpr. Nauk. 231, Rocz. AR w Poznaniu.
Mir Z., Goonewardene L. A., Okine E., Jaegar S., Scheer H. D., 1999. Effect of feeding canola oil on constituents, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and long chain fatty acids in goats milk. Small Rumin. Res. 33, 137–143.
Morand-Fehr P., Sauvant D., Brun-Bellut J., 1987. Recommendations alimentaires pour les caprins. Bulltin Technique, C. R. Z. V. Theix, 70, 213–222.
Morand-Fehr P., Fedele V., Decandia M., Frileux Y. Le., 2007. Influence of farming and feeding systems on composition and quality of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 20–34.
Normy żywienia bydła, owiec i kóz. Wartość pokarmowa pasz dla przeżuwaczy, 2001. Pr. zb. IZ Kraków.
Nürnberg K., Matthes H. D., Bitler G., Silesky D., Ender K., Nürnberg G., 1995. Lipids composition and meat quality of longissimus muscle in lambs. 2nd Dummerstaf Muscle-Workshop Muscle Growth and Meat Quality, Rostok, 17–19.
Official methods of analysis, 2000. International, 17th Ed., AOAC Inter., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Belury M. A., Kempa-Steczko A., 1997. Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipids composition in mice. Lipids 32, 2 199–204.
Oprządek J., Oprządek A., 2003. Modyfikowanie składu kwasów tłuszczowych w tłuszczu mięsa przeżuwaczy. Med. Wet. 59 (6), 492–495.
Parodi P. W., 1997. Butyric acid from the diet: action at the level of gene expression. J. Nutr. 127, 1055–1060.
Rejman K., Kowrygo B., 2002. Mleko i przetwory mleczne w wyżywieniu ludności Polski. Prz. Spoż. 2, 8–11.
Sanz Sampelayo M. R., Chilliard Y., Schmidely Ph., Boza J., 2007. Influence of type of diet on the fat constituents of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 42–63.
Sauvant D., Morand-Fehr P., Giger-Reverdin S., 1991. Dry matter intake of adult goats. [In:] Goat Nutrition (red. P. Morand-Fehr). EAAP Publication 46, Pudom Wageningen.
Sawaya W. N., Safi W. J., Al-Shalhat A. F., Al-Mohammad M. M., 1984. J. Dairy Sci. 67, 1655-1659.
Sklan D., 1992. A note on production responses of lactating ewes to calcium soaps of fatty acids. Anim. Prod. 55, 167-175.
Soryal K., Beyene F. A., Zeng S., Bah B., Tesfai K., 2005. Effect of goat breed and milk composition on yield, sensory quality, fatty acid concentration of soft cheese during lactation. Small Rumin. Res. 58, 275–281.
The nutrition of goats, 1998. AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. Report 10, CAB International.
Wielba F., Pasternak K., 2001. Pierwiastki śladowe w systemie antyoksydacyjnym zwierząt. Med Wet., 57, 11, 788–791.
Wierciński J. 1984. Ogólne zasady przygotowania materiału biologicznego do analizy składników chemicznych instrumentalnymi metodami Centralnego Laboratorium Aparaturowego AR w Lublinie. (Instrukcja do użytku wewnętrznego z późn. zm.).
Wolff J. A., 1995. Milk and meat lipids of ruminants generally contain high levels of saturated fat (40 to 70%) and trans – fatty acids. J. Food Lipids, 13, 1, 100–112.
Žan M., Stibilj V., Rogelj I., 2006. Milk fatty acid composition of goats grazing on alpine pasture. Small Rumin. Res. 64, 45–52.
Ziemlański Ś., 2001. Normy żywienia człowieka. Fizjologiczne podstawy. PZWL, Warszawa.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
