Abstract
. In this work the effect of the intensity of technology cultivation on the yield of winter wheat genotypes of common, durum, spelt and einkorn wheat Is assessed. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2010–2013. The first factor was 4 species of winter wheat: common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp aestivum L.) – cultivar Tonacja, durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) – cultivar Komnata, spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta (L.) Thell.) – cultivar Schwabenkorn, einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) – EN 5003. The second variable were levels of agricultural technology: the average level of agricultural technology: mineral fertilization (N – 70, P – 30.5, K – 99.6 kg∙ha-1), seed treatment and weed control; high level of agricultural technology: increased nitrogen fertilization (N – 140, P–30.5, K – 99.6 kg∙ha1), seed treatment, weed control, 2 treatments against the disease, insecticide and growth regulator. The wheat species were significantly different in the yield levels. The highest yield was observed in common wheat cultivar, Tonacja – 7.25 t∙ha-1. Significantly lower yields were in the following species: durum wheat (Komnata) – 4.19 t∙ha-1, spelt wheat (Schwabenkorn) – 3.87 t∙ha-1 and einkorn wheat – 2.33 t∙ha-1. An interaction between the studied species and the level of intensification of cultivation technology was demonstrated. Common wheat and durum wheat reacted with a significant increase in the grain yield at a higher level of agricultural technology, but there was no difference in the two other species, namely spelt wheat and einkorn wheat. This confirms the suitability of these species for cultivation in less intense Conditions. A higher level of agricultural technology on average, regardless of the species tested, caused a significant increase in the grain yield, number of ears per area unit, weight of 1000 grains, number of grains per spike and grain weight per ear, in addition to limiting the lodging of plants
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