Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ASPHC Baner

Vol. 18 No. 5 (2019)

Articles

CHEMICAL AND NONCHEMICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN THE CULTIVATION OF LEMON BALM FOR SEEDS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.5.8
Submitted: October 28, 2019
Published: 2019-10-28

Abstract

The fight against weeds in the organic cultivation of herbal plants, both raw and for seeds, is a big challenge for growers. The paper compares the chemical (bentazon, 960 g·ha–1 and fluazifop-P-butyl, 150 g·ha–1) and nonchemical (scattering mustard seed meal in two doses 1.5 and 3.0 t·ha–1) control of weeds in the cultivation of lemon balm for seeds. Additionally, the influence of these factors on the yield of fresh herb and seeds of lemon balm and the sowing value of seeds was evaluated. The best method to control weed infestation was to use mustard seed meal in an amount of 3.0 t∙ha–1. Scattering of mustard seed meal in that dose reduced the number and weight of weeds on average from two years of research by 52.1 and 60.2% in relation to unweeded control. Slightly less effective methods were successively: bentazon and application of mustard seed meal in quantity of 1.5 t·ha–1. The largest yield of fresh lemon balm herb was collected from plots where mustard seed meal was used in an amount of 3.0 t∙ha–1. Seeds harvested from plots, on which mustard seed meal was used in a larger quantity was characterized by the lowest sowing value determined by the lowest energy and capacity of germination and the highest share of nongerminated seeds. Lowering the amount of used mustard seed meal to 1,5 t·ha–1 significantly improved their sowing value. Although this method was less effective in counteracting weeds than using larger dose, it provided comparable effects of reducing the number and weight of weeds in relation to chemical protection.

References

  1. Bàrberi, P. (2002). Weed management in organic agriculture: are we addressing the right issues? Weed Res., 42, 177–192.
  2. Bialy, Z., Oleszek, W., Lewis, J., Fenwick G.R. (1990). Allelopathic potential of glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides) and their degradation products against wheat. Plant Soil, 129, 277–281.
  3. Bond, W., Grundy, A.C. (2001). Non-chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed Res., 41, 383–405.
  4. Boydston, R.A., Anderson, T., Vaughn, S.F. (2008). Mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal suppresses weeds in container-grown ornamentals. HortScience, 43(3), 800–803.
  5. Boydston, R.A., Morra, M.J., Borek, V., Clayton, L., Vaughn, F. (2011). Onion and weed response to mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal. Weed Sci., 59(4), 546–522.
  6. Carrubba, A., Militello, M. (2013). Nonchemical weeding of medicinal and aromatic plants. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 33, 551–561. DOI: 10.1007/s13593-012-0122-9
  7. Carrubba, A., Lo Verde, G., Salamone, A. (2015). Sustainable weed, disease and pest management in medicinal and aromatic. In: Medicinal and aromatic plants of the world, Máthé, Á. (ed.), Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 205–235. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9810-5_11
  8. Chmielowiec, P., Borowy, A. (2004). Evaluation of bentazon and metolachlor in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ‘Bona’ crop. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 3(1), 75–87 [in Polish].
  9. Council Regulation (1991). (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 June 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs (with amendments). OJ L 198 (22.07.1991), 12. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1991R2092:20060506:EN:PDF [date of access 07.09.2018].
  10. George, R.A.T. (1999). Vegetable seed production. 2nd ed. CABI Publishing, New York, 38–47.
  11. Handiseni, M., Brown, J., Zemetra, R., Mazzola, M. (2011). Herbicidal activity of Brassicaceae seed meal on wild oat (Avena fatua), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola). Weed Technol., 25(1), 127–134.
  12. IPP [Institut of Plant Protection] (2016). Plant Protection Recommendations for 2016/17. Vol. IV. Ornamental plants, herbal plants. Institut of Plant Protection in Poznań.
  13. ISTA. (2004). International rules for seed testing. ISTA, Zürich.
  14. Kalinova, J. (2010). Allelopathy and organic farming. In: Sociology, organic farming, climate change and soil science, Lichtfouse, E. (ed.). Sustainable agriculture reviews 3. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 379–418. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3333-8_14
  15. Kazimierczak, R., Hallmann, E., Rembiałkowska, E. (2015). Effect of organic and conventional production systems on the content of bioactive substances in four species of medicinal plants. Biol. Agric. Hortic., 31(2), 118–127. DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2014.977948
  16. Kubisz, L., Hołubowicz, R.,. Gauza, M., Li, H., Hojan-Jezierska, D., Jaroszyk, F. (2012). Effect of low frequency magnetic field on germination of onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 121, 49–53.
  17. Mihajlov, L., Ilieva, V., Markova, N., Zlatkovski, V. (2013). Organic cultivation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) in Macedonia. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B, 3, 769–775.
  18. Moradkhani, H., Sargsyan, E., Bibak, H., Naseri, B., Sadat-Hosseini, M., Fayazi-Barjin, A., Meftahizade, H. (2010). Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant. A review. J. Med. Plant Res., 25, 2753–2759.
  19. Oleszek, W. (1987). Allelopathic effects of volatiles from some Cruciferae species on lettuce, barnyard grass and wheat growth. Plant Soil., 102, 271–273.
  20. Rice, A.R., Johnson-Maynard, J.L., Thill, D.C., Morra, M.J. (2007). Vegetable crop emergence and weed control following amendment with different Brassicaceae seed meals. Renew. Agric. Food Syst., 22(3), 204–212. DOI: 10.1017/S1742170507001743
  21. Seidler-Łożykowska, K., Mordalski, R., Kucharski, W., Kędzia, E., Nowosad, K., Bocianowski, J. (2015). Effect of organic cultivation on yield and quality of lemon balm herb (Melissa officinalis L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 14(5), 55–67.
  22. Snyder, A., Morra, M.J., Johnson-Maynard, J., Thill, D.C. (2009). Seed meals from Brassicaceae oilseed crops as soil amendments: influence on carrot growth, microbial biomass nitrogen, and nitrogen mineralization. HortScience, 44(2), 354–367.
  23. Shakeri, A., Sahebkar, A., Javadi, B. (2016). Melissa officinalis L. – A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology J. Ethnopharmacol., 188, 204–228.
  24. Tworkowski, J. (2000). Zasady produkcji materiału siewnego. In: Nasiennictwo, Duczmal, K.W. Tucholska, H. (eds). Vol. I. PWRiL, Warszawa, 182–204.
  25. Vaughn, S.F. (1999). Glucosinolates as natural pesticides. In: Biologically active natural products: agrochemicals. Cutler, H.G., Cutler, S.J. (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, 81–92.
  26. Vaughn, S.F., Berhow, M.A. (2005). Glucosinolate hydrolysis products from various plant sources: pH, effect, isolation, an purification. Ind. Crops Prod., 21, 193–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.03.004
  27. Vaughn, S.F., Palmquist, D.E., Duval, S.M., Berhow, M.A. (2006). Herbicidal activity of glucosinolate-containing seed meals. Weed Sci., 54, 743–748.
  28. Winiarczyk, K., Seidler-Łożykowska, K., Gębura, J., Bocianowski, J. 2016. Vitality and germination of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) seeds. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual., 89, 156–162. DOI: 10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.019
  29. Yu, J., Morishita, D.W. (2014). Response of seven weed species to corn gluten meal and white mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal rates. Weed Technol., 28(1), 259–265.
  30. Zheljazkov, V., Zhalnov, I., Nedkov, N.K. (2006). Herbicides for weed control in blessed thistle (Silybum marianum). Weed Technol., 4(20), 1030–1034.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 > >>