Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2011)

Articles

TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION AND MORPHOGENETIC CHANGES IN CALLUS DERIVED FROM EMBRYOS OF PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)

Submitted: January 4, 2021
Published: 2011-03-31

Abstract

Tracheary elements appear already in the early stages of in vitro organogenesis and precede the formation of meristemoids and shoot primordia which further develop into shoots. Thus this process can be considered as an important indicator of potential, organogenic capability of the explants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (BAP), sucrose and the light conditions (light with 16-h photoperiod, darkness) upon de novo differentiation of tracheary elements (TEs) in callus derived from mature embryos of pepper cv. Bryza. Moreover, it was to determine the proliferation ability of the callus cells and changes of callus morphology. TEs were differentiated in the form of single cells, irregular clusters, strands and whirls exclusively with reticulate and pitted thickening of the secondary wall and the clusters occurred the most frequently. Cytokinin used alone, as well as in auxin combination, stimulated xylogenesis with the highest efficiency as well as with regard to the frequency and TE cell number within clusters. The highest number of TEs per cluster was obtained in the case of combination 0.1 mg·dm-3 IAA + 0.1 mg·dm-3 BAP on the light. Smooth surface, large cohesion cell degree and green colour are the morphological callus features accompanied by the effective TE formation.

References

Aloni R., 1980. Role of auxin and sucrose in the differentiation of sieve and tracheary elements in plant tissue cultures. Planta 150, 255–263.
Aloni R., 1987. Differentiation of vascular tissues. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38, 179–204.
Church D.L., Galston A.W., 1988. Kinetics of determination in the differentiation of isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans to tracheary elements. Plant Physiol. 88, 92–96.
Diaz I., Moreno R., Power J.B., 1988. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Capsicum annuum. Plant Cell Rep. 7, 210–212.
Esau K., 1965. Vascular differentiation in plants. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. 103–107.
Fakuda H., Komamine A., 1980. Establishment of an experimental system for the study of tracheary element differentiation from single cells isolated from the mesophyll of Zinnia elegans. Plant Physiol. 65, 57–60.
Fakuda H., Komamine A., 1985. Cytodifferentiation. In: Vasil I.K. (eds) Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. Academic Press Inc, Orlando 149–212
Fari M., 1986. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In: Bajaj Y.P.S. (ed.) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol. 2, Crops, I Spinger Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 345–362.
Fari M., Andrasfalvy A., 1994. Regeneration and cloning of pepper (Capsicum sp.) in vitro: a review. Hort. Sci. 26, 9–19.
Fosket D.E., Torrey J.G., 1969. Hormonal control of cell proliferation and xylem differentiation in cultured tissues of Glicyne max var. Biloxi. Plant Physiol. 44, 871–880.
Gatz A., Tomaszewska M., 2007. Effect of cytokinins on the morphology, growth and organogenic ability of Capsicum annuum L. callus in vitro. In: Nowaczyk P. (ed) Spontaneous and induced variation for the genetic improvement of horticultural crops. Univ. of Technology and Life Science in Bydgoszcz, 105–115.
Gunay A.L., Rao P.S., 1978. In vitro plant regeneration from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of red pepper (Capsicum). Plant Sci. Lett. 11, 365–372.
Kim C-G., Park K.W., Lee B., Kim D.I., Park J-Y., Kim H-J., 2009. Gene flow from genetically modified to conventional chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Sci. 176, 406–412.
Kuriyama H., Fakuda H., 2000. Regulation of tracheary element differentiation. J. Plant Growth Regul. 20, 35–51.
McCann M.C., 1997. Tracheary element formation: building up to a dead end. Trend. Plant Sci. 2 (9), 333–338.
McCann M.C., Domingo C., Stacey N.J., Milioni D., Roberts K., 2000. Tracheary element formation in an in vitro system. In: Cambium: In: Savidge R., Barnett J., Napier R. (eds) The biology of wood formation. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd, 457–470.
Meir S., Philosoph-Hadas S., Epstein E., Aharoni N., 1985. Carbohydrates stimulate ethylene production in tobacco leaf discs. I. Interaction with auxin and the relation to auxin metabolism. Plant Physiol. 78, 131–138.
Minocha S.C., Halperin W., 1974. Hormones and metabolites which control tracheid differentiation with or without concominant effects on growth in cultured tuber tissue of Helianthus tuberosus L. Planta 116, 319–331.
Murashige T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol. 15, 473–497.
Ochoa-Alejo N., Ireta-Moreno L., 1990. Cultivar differences in shoot-forming capacity of hypocotyl tissues of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultured in vitro. Sci. Hortic. 42, 261–269.
Pesquet E., Karolev A.V., Calder G., Lloyd C.W., 2010. The microtubule-associated protein AtMAP70-5 regulates secondary wall pattering in Arabidopsis wood cells. Curr. Biol. 20, 744–749.
Phillips R., Dodds J.H., 1977. Rapid differentiation of tracheary elements in cultured explants of Jerusalem artichoke. Planta 135, 207–212.
Roberts L.W., 1983. The influence of physical factors on xylem differentiation in vitro. In: Dodds J. H. (ed) Tissue Culture of Trees. Croom Helm, London, 88–102.
Roberts K., McCann M.C., 2000. Xylogenesis: the birth of a corpse. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3, 517–522.
Szasz A., Nervo G., Fari M. 1995. Screening for in vitro shoot-forming capacity of seedling explants in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes and efficient plant regeneration using thidiazuron. Plant Cell Rep. 14, 666-669.
Twumasi P., Schel J.H.N., Van Ieperen W., Wortering E., Van Kooten O., Emons A.M.C., 2009. Establishing in vitro Zinnia elegans cell suspension culture with high tracheary element differentiation. Cell Biol. Int. 33, 524–533.
Venkataiah P., Christopher T., Subhash K., 2003. Thiadiazuron induced high frequency adventitious shoot formation and plant regeneration in Capsicum annuum L. J. Plant Biotechnol. 5, 245–250.
Warren-Wilson J., Roberts L.W., Gresshoff P.M., Dircks S.J., 1982. Tracheary element differentiation induced in isolated cylinders of lettuce pith: a bipolar gradient technique. Annals of Botany 50, 605–614.
Warren-Wilson J., Roberts L.W., Warren-Wilson P.M., Gresshoff P.M., 1994. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of sucrose concentration on xylogenesis in lettuce pith explants; possible mediation by ethylene biosynthesis. Annals of Botany 73, 65–73.
Ye Z-H., Varner J.E., 1993. Gene expression patterns associated with in vitro tracheary element formation in isolated single mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans. Planta Physiol. 103, 805–813.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.