Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 21 No. 2 (2022)

Articles

Optimizing environmental conditions and irrigation regimes can improve grafting success in Persian walnut

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.2.4
Submitted: May 27, 2021
Published: 2022-04-29

Abstract

The propagation of Persian walnut (Juglans regia) using grafting or budding is often difficult due to envi­ronmental factors. Temperature fluctuation and plant water status affect root pressure (xylem sap exudation “bleeding”) during budding or grafting. An experiment was conducted to find the optimum irrigation regime for patch budding (in July) and tongue grafting (in March) of Persian walnut on Juglans regia rootstock un­der three environmental conditions (greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor). The grafted/budded plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes including 1-day, 3-day and 7-day for 4 weeks after grafting/budding. Callus formation and quality, and graft/bud-take were recorded after four weeks. The survival rate and growth of the scions were measured after three months. Based on the results, grafting success under greenhouse, shade-house and outdoor conditions were 66.7%, 42.6% and 17.6%, respectively. The highest graft/bud take (94.4%) was obtained under greenhouse conditions with patch budding. The lowest grafting success (0%) was observed under outdoor conditions with patch budding. Under the greenhouse conditions, irrigation of the grafted plants with 7-day interval resulted in the highest graft success and plant growth. Irrigation with 3-day intervals was the best regime under shade-house conditions, while daily irrigation regime was required to obtain the highest grafting success for the outdoor grown plants. In general, the present experiment re­vealed that modifying outdoor conditions by applying a shade-house equipped by a mist system in warmer area can improve bud-take and success especially in patch budding by 40.76 and 33.1%, respectively.

References

  1. Achim, G., Botu, I. (2001). Results in walnut propagation by using different methods. Acta Hortic., 442, 503−510. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.544.69 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.544.69
  2. Avanzato, D., Atefi, J. (1997). Walnut grafting by heating the graft point directly in the field. Acta Hortic., 442, 291−294. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.442.44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.442.44
  3. Awasthi, D.N., Sinha, M., Srivastava, M., Misra, R.P. (1984). Evaluation of epicotyle grafting in walnut in relation to success and survival. Progres. Hortic., 14, 178–179.
  4. Chase, S.B. (1947). Budding and grafting in eastern black walnuts. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 49, 175–180.
  5. Dehghan, B., Vahdati, K., Hassani, D., Rezaee, R. (2009). Bench grafting of Persian walnut as affected by pre- and post-grafting heating and chilling treatments. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 85(1), 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2010.11512629 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2010.11512629
  6. Dehghan, B., Vahdati, K., Rezaee, R., Hassani, D. (2009). Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) grafting as influenced by different bench grafting methods and scion cultivars. J. Appl. Hortic. (Lucknow), 11(1), 56–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2009.v11i01.11
  7. Dehghan, B., Vahdati, K., Rezaee, R., Hassani, D. (2010). Walnut grafting success as affected by different grafting methods, cultivars and forcing treatments. Acta Hortic., 861, 345–352. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.861.47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.861.47
  8. Dehghan, B., Vahdati, K., Rezaee, R., Hassani, D. (2010) Mature walnut grafting (topworking) as affected by grafting cover and scion cultivar. Acta Hortic., 861, 353–360. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.861.48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.861.48
  9. Doley, D., Leyton, L. (1970). Effects of growth regulating substances and water potential on the development of wound callus in Fraxinur. New Phytol., 69, 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1968.tb05485.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1970.tb04053.x
  10. Ebrahimi, A., Vahdati, K., Fallahi, E. (2007). Improved success of Persian walnut grafting under environmentally controlled conditions. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 6, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1300/J492v06n04_02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J492v06n04_02
  11. Gautam, D.R. (1990). Studies on the winter and summer vegetative propagation techniques of walnut (Juglans regia L.). Acta Hortic., 284, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1990.284.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1990.284.1
  12. Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T., Geneve, R. (2001). Plant propagation: principles and practices.7th ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  13. Kuniyuki, A.H., Forde, H.I. (1985).Walnut propagation. In: Walnut orchard management, Ramos, D.E. (ed.). Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, California, USA, 38–45.
  14. Millikan, D.F. (1971). Propagation of Juglans species by fall grafting. Ann. Rep., North. Nut Grow. Assoc., 61, 41–44.
  15. Mir, M., Kumar A. (2011). Effect of different methods, time and environmental conditions on grafting in walnut. Int. J. Farm Sci., 1(2), 17–22.
  16. Paunovic, S.M., Miletic, R., Mitrovic, M., Jankovic, D. (2011). Effect of callusing conditions on grafting success in walnut (Juglans regia L.). J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(2), 5–14.
  17. Ramos, D.E. (1985). Walnut orchard management. Cooperative Extension, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resource, 38–46.
  18. Rezaee, R., Vahdati, K., Grigoorian, V. and Valizade, M. (2008). Walnut grafting success and bleeding rate as affected by different grafting methods and seedling vigor. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol., 83, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2008.11512352
  19. Sadeghi Majd, R., Vahdati, K., Roozban, M.R., Arab, M. (2019). Exploring combinations of graft cover and grafting method in commercial walnut cultivars. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 19(4), 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2018.1535355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2018.1535355
  20. Sharma, A.K., Singh, SR., Srivastava, K.K., Sounduri, A.S. (2003). Studies on success of walnut grafting as affected by time and environment. Ind. J. Ecol., 18, 123–125.
  21. Soleimani, A., Rabiei, V., Hassani, D. (2010). Effect of different techniques on walnut (J. regia L.) grafting. J. Food Agric. Environ., 8(2), 544–546.
  22. Suk-In, H., Moon-Ho, L., Yong- Seok, J. (2006). Study on new vegetative propagation method epicotyl grafting in walnut trees (Juglans spp). Acta Hortic., 705, 371–375. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.705.52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.705.52
  23. Taiz, L., Zeiger, E. (2002). Plant physiology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 690 pp.
  24. Sutyemez, M. (2007). Determination of pollen production and quality of some local and foreign walnut genotypes in Turkey. Turk. J. Agric., 31, 109–114.
  25. Vahdati, K. (2000). Walnut situation in Iran. NUCIS Newsletter, 9, 32–33.
  26. Vahdati, K. (2007). Establishment of nursery and grafting. Publication Khanyran, 126 pp.
  27. Vahdati, K., Zareie, N. (2006). Evaluation of side-stub and hypocotyle grafting efficiency for walnut propagation in Iran. Acta Hortic., 705, 347–350. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.705.47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.705.47
  28. Wani, G.M. (2004). Studies on vegetative propagation of walnut as influenced by biochemical and environmental factors under hot callusing technique. PhD Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India.
  29. Wani, R.A., Jahangeer, A.B., Zaffar, G., Hakeem, S.A., Umar, I., Mir, M.A., Alie, B.A., Nissa, S., Niyaz, A.D., Zubair Mohd. (2017). Grafting-take success in Walnut (Juglans regia) under different environment conditions. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 6 (7), 2195–2201. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.257

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.