Abstrakt
Biological control using antagonistic yeast has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives in postharvest protection of fruit and vegetables. The aim of the
present studies was to investigate the potential of the yeast Candida melibiosica for biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and A. radicina, fungi pathogenic to carrot roots, and explain the possible mode of action of this antagonistic microorganism. The ability of the yeast to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, produce volatile compounds and lytic enzymes, and protect infected carrot roots was studied. C. melibiosica inhibited the growth of B. cinerea on potato-dextrose agar and malt agar by 25.9% and 33.3%, respectively, but only slightly restricted the growth of A. radicina and had no effect on A. alternata. The volatile compounds acting against B. cinerea and A. radicina were produced by C. melibiosica growing on malt agar. The yeast produced -glucanase and chitinase with activities between 34.0–232.86 U · cm-3 and 20.74–43.7 U · cm-3, respectively. Application of the yeast to carrot roots before inoculation with the fungi B. cinerea and A. radicina reduced the progress of the disease
Bibliografia
Benbow J.M., Sugar D., 1999. Fruit surface colonization and biological control of postharvest diseases of pear by preharvest yeast applications. Plant Dis., 83, 839–844.
Bradford M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254.
El-Mehalawy A.A., Hassainen N.M., Khater H.M., Karam El-Din E.A., Youssef Y.A., 2004.
Influence of maize root colonization by the rhizosphere actinomycetes and yeast fungi on plant growth and on the biological control of late wilt disease. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6, 599–605.
El-Mehalawy A.A., 2004. The rizosphere yeast fungi as biocontrol agents for wilt disease of kidney bean caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6, 310–316.
El-Tarabily K.A., 2004. Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani diseases of sugar beet by antagonistic and plant growth-promoting yeasts. J. Appl. Microbiol., 96, 69–75.
Ferrari A., Sicher C., Prodorutti D., Pertot I., 2007. Potential new applications of Shemer, a Metschnikowia fructicola based product, in post-harvest soft fruit rots control. Bull. OILB/SROP, 30, 43–46.
Filonow A.B., Vishniac H.S., Andrson J.A., Janisiewicz W.J., 1996. Biological control of Botrytis cinerea in apple by yeasts from various habitats and their putative mechanisms of antagonism. Biol. Control, 7, 212–220.
Grebenisan I., Cornea P., Mateescu R., Cimpeanu C., Olteanu V., Campenu G.H., Stefan L.A., Oancea F., Lupu C., 2008, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, a new yeast with potential for biocontrol of postharvest fruit rots. Acta Hortic., 767, 355–360.
Janisiewicz W.J., Tworkoski T.J., Kurtzman C.P., 2001. Biocontrol potential of Metchnikowia pulcherrima strains against blue mold of apple. Biol. Control, 91, 1098–1108.
Leibinger W., Breuker B., Hahn M., Mendgen K., 1997. Control of postharvest pathogens and colonization of the apple surface by antagonistic microorganisms in the field. Phytopathol., 87, 1103–1110.
Lima G., De Curtis F., Castoria R., De Cicco V., 2003. Integrated control of apple postharvest pathogens and survival of biocontrol yeasts in semi-commercial conditions. Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 109, 341–349.
Lima G., Ippolito A., Nigro F., Salerno M., 1997. Effectiveness of Aureobasidium pullulans and Candida oleophila against postharvest strawberry rots. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 10, 169–178.
Masih E.I., Paul B., 2002. Secretion of -1,3-glucanases by the yeast Pichia membranifaciens and its possible role in the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea causing grey mold disease of the grapevine. Curr. Microbiol., 44, 391–395.
Miller G.L., 1959. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal. Chem., 31, 426–428.
Rosa M.M., Tauk-Tornisielo S.M., Rampazzo P.E., Ceccato-Antonini S.R., 2010. Evaluation of the biological control by the yeast Torulaspora globosa against Colletotrichum sublineolum in sorghum. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 26, 1491–1502.
Saligkarias I.D., Gravanis F.T., Epton H.A.S., 2002. Biological control of Botrytis cinerea on tomato plants by the use of epiphytic yeasts Candida guilliermondii strains 101 and US 7 and Candida oleophila strain I-182: II a study on mode of action. Biolog. Contr., 25, 151–161.
Saravanakumar D., Spadaro D., Garibaldi A., Gullino M.L., 2009. Detection of enzymatic activity and partial sequence of a chitinase gene in Metschnikowia pulcherrima strain MACH1 used as post-harvest biocontrol agent. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 123, 183–193.
Schena I., Ippolito A., Zahavi T., Cohen I., Droby S., 2000. Molecular approaches to assist the screening and monitoring of postharvest biocontrol yeasts. Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 106, 681–691.
Segal E., Yehuda H., Droby S., Wisniewski M., Goldway M., 2002. Cloning and analysis of CoEXG1, a secreted 1,3--glucanase of the yeast biocontrol agent Candida oleophila. Yeast, 19, 1171–1182.
Teixidó N., Viñas I., Usall J., Magan N., 1998. Control of blue mould of apples by preharvest application of Candida sake grown in media with different water activity. Phytopatol., 88, 960–964.
Wagner A., Kordowska-Wiater M., Hetman B., 2006. Wpływ wybranych szczepów drożdży na rozwój szarej pleśni na owocach jabłoni. Prog. in Plant Prot., 46, 625–628.
Wisniewski M.E., Biles C., Droby S., Mclaughlin R., Wilson C.L., Chalutz E., 1991. Mode of action of the postharvest biocontrol yeast, Pichia guilliermondii. I. Characterization of attachment to Botrytis cinerea. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 39, 245–258.
Zhang D., Spadaro D., Garibaldi A., Gullino M.L., 2010. Selection and evaluation of new antagonists for their efficacy against postharvest brown rot of peaches. Postharv. Biol. Technol., 55, 174–181.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
