Abstrakt
Induced mutagenesis allows to obtain in relatively short time new cultivars of chrysanthemum differing in single characteristic traits such as the colour or shape and size of inflorescence, which determines their decorative values. The traditional breeding methods as crossing, selection and techniques of genetic transformation face limitations in this species. The object of investigation were three cultivars of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. – ‘Albugo’, ‘Alchimist’, ‘Satinbleu’. Gamma radiation in dose of 15 Gy was obtained from Co60 cobalt source generated by Theratron 780 C. The dose rate was 2.14 Gy × min-1. ‘Albugo’ and ‘Satinbleu’ microcuttings cultured on MS medium were exposed to irradiation. Following the irradiation, single-node explants and leaves were excised from plantlets and subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg × dm-3 BAP and 2.0 mg × dm-3 IAA. In ‘Alchimist’ there were irradiated leaf explants
with callus regenerated on petioles. A month earlier this explants were placed on the MS medium with 0.6 mg × dm-3 BAP and 2.0 mg × dm-3 IAA added. The regeneration of adventitious shoots was conducted without subculturing onto fresh medium. Newly formed shoots were transferred onto rooting medium 4 months after the irradiation. Gamma radiation effected the regeneration of shoots on explants. From the mutants obtained in vM2 generation the most interesting, worth introducing to cultivation five genotypes were selected: ‘Albugo Sunny’, ‘Alchimist Tubular’, ‘Alchimist Golden Beet’, ‘Satinbleu Minty’, ‘Satinbleu Honey’.
Bibliografia
Banerji B.K., Datta S.K., 1990. Induction of somatic mutation in chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Anupam’. J. Nuclear Agric. Biol., 19, 252–256.
Broertjes C., Keen A., 1980. Adventitious shoots: do they develop from one cell? Euphytica 29, 73–87.
Broertjes C., Lock C.A.M., 1985. Radiation-induced low-temperature tolerant solid mutants of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. Euphytica 29, 97–103.
Broertjes C., Roest S., Bokelmann G.S., 1976. Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques. Euphytica 25, 11–19.
Datta S.K., Gupta M.N., 1981. Cytomorphological, palynological and biochemical studies on control and gamma-induced mutants of Chrysanthemum. Sabrao J. 13(2), 136–148.
Harbourne J.B., 1967. Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids. Academic Press, London.
Himstedt J.P., Jacobson H.J., Fischer-Klüver G., 2001. Shoot regeneration from stem and leaf explants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora). Acta Hortic. 560, 421–424.
Jerzy M., 1997. Rola eksplantatu w indukowaniu mutacji in vitro i tworzeniu roślin transgenicznych chryzantemy wielkokwiatowej (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev). Hod. Roś. Nas. 2, 27–32.
Jerzy M., 2000. Chryzantemy. Odmiany i uprawa. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Jerzy M., Lubomski M., 1991. Tworzenie się pędów przybyszowych na izolowanych in vitro liściach chryzantem poddanych działaniu promieniowania jonizującego. Hod. Roś. Nas. 2, 26–29.
Jerzy M., Zalewska M., Garczewska A., 1994. In vitro induction of mutation and separation of chimeras in Gerbera jamesonii. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 414, 343–352.
Jerzy M., Zalewska M., 1996. Polish cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev and Gerbera jamesonii bred in vitro by induced mutations. Mut. Breed. Newslett. 42, 19.
Kobayashi S., Ishimaru M., Ding C.K., Yakushiji H., Goto N., 2001. Comparison of UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene sequences between white grapes (Vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin. Plant Sc. 160, 543–50.
Langton F.A., 1989. Chimerical structure and carotenoid inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.). Euphytica 29, 807–812.
Lema-Rumińska J., Zalewska M., 2004. Studies on flower pigment of Chrysanthemum mutants: Nero and Wonder Groups. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 3(1), 125–135.
Lema-Rumińska J., Zalewska M., 2005. Changes in flower colour among Lady Group of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam. as a result of mutation breeding. Fol. Hortic. Ann. 17/1, 61–72.
Lu Ch.-Y., Nugent G., Wardley T., 1990. Efficient, direct plant regeneration from stem segments of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Royal Purple). Plant Cell Rep. 8, 733–736.
Miler N., 2005. Why is mutation breeding still attractive for breeding of chrysanthemum? Biotechnologia 69, 196–205.
Murashige T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.
Onozaki T., Mato M., Shibata M., Ikeda H., 1999. Differences in flower color and pigment composition among white carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars. Scientia Hortic. 82, 103–111.
Rademaker W., de Jong J., 1990. Genetic variation in adventitious shoot formation in Dendranthema grandiflora (Chrysanthemum morifolium) explants. Proceeding of Eucarpia Symposium Wageningen, 34–38.
RHSCC, 1966. The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, London.
Roest S., Bokelmann G.S., 1975. Vegetative propagation of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. in vitro. Scientia Hortic. 3, 317–330.
Stepczyńska K., Jerzy M., Widacka M., 1980. Mutagenesis in Chrysanthemum cv. Bravo propagated from the X-ray influenced leaf cuttings. Part I. MV1 generation. Pr. Inst. Sad. Kwiac., p. B, 5, 17–30.
Schum A., 2003. Mutation Breeding in Ornamentals: An efficient breeding method? Acta Hortic. 612, 47–60.
Wettstein D., 1957. Chlorophyll-latele und der submikroskopische Formwechsel der Plastiden. Exp. Cell. Res. 12, 427–487.
Zalewska M., 1995. Somatic mutagenesis in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) induced in vivo and in vitro by X and gamma radiation. Wyd. Uczelniane ATR w Bydgoszczy, Rozprawy 63.
Zalewska, M., 2001. In vitro formation of adventitious meristem and its significance for mutation breeding of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. Acta Hortic. 560, 225–227.
Zalewska, M., 2010. In vitro adventitious bud techniques as a tool in creation of new chrysanthemum cultivars. W: Datta, S.K., Chakrabarty, D. (eds.). Floriculture. Role of tissue culture and molecular techniques. Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, India, 189–218.
Zalewska M., Jerzy M., 1997. Mutation spectrum in Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev after in vivo and in vitro regeneration of plants from irradiated leaves. Acta Hortic. 447, 615–618.
Zalewska M., Lema-Rumińska J., 2004. Effect of gamma rays on regeneration of adventitious shoots from leaf explants of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. Biotechnologia 2, 86–92.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
