MINERAL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GREENHOUSE-GROWN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) DEPENDING ON FERTILIZATION WITH AGRICULTURAL WASTE COMPOSTS
İlker Sönmez
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, TurkeyHüseyin Kalkan
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, TurkeyHalil Demir
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, TurkeyRecep Külcü
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University 32260, Isparta, TurkeyOsman Yaldiz
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, TurkeyMustafa Kaplan
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, TurkeyAbstract
Agricultural wastes have increased with the intensive production in recent years. These wastes that affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils should be composted and added to soil. In this study, composts were consisted of different agricultural wastes such as greenhouse wastes-GPW, used cocopeat wastes-UCW, spent mushroom composts-SMC and at different ratios. Used cocopeat wastes were especially chosen in this experiment because it was not preferred in compost mixtures up to the present. Five different compost mixtures were added to the soil and their effects on growth and nutrient contents of lettuce plants were determined. The experiment was carried out during two successive seasons (autumn and spring). The results showed that plant growth and yield were found higher in the compost applications than in control. Generally the highest values were obtained from M1 application (80% GPW + 10% UCW + 10% SMC) for many parameters.
Keywords:
greenhouse plant wastes, used cocopeat wastes, spent mushroom compost, lettuce growth, yield, qualityReferences
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Akalan, Đ. (1987). The source of organic matter. Soil Science. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture Publications, 309, 218–219.
Alvarez, M.B., Gagne, S., Antoun, H. (1995). Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 61, 194–199.
Anton, M.A., Munoz, P., Castells, F., Montero, J.I., Solvia, M. (2005). Improving waste management in protected horticulture. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 25, 447–453.
Bauduin, M.O., Impens, R. (1985). Agronomic valorization of municipal waste composts, Acta Hort., 172, 117–124.
Brito, L.M., Monteiro, J.M., Mourao, I., Coutinho, J. (2014). Organic lettuce growth and nutrient uptake response to lime, compost and rock phosphate. J. Plant Nutr., 37, 1002–1011.
Çalıskan, S., Yetisir, H., Karanlık, S. (2014). Combined use of green manure and farmyard manure allows better nutrition of organic lettuce. Not. Bot. Hort. Agr., 42(1), 248–254.
Danny, L.R. (1992). Commercial mushroom production. Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario Vineland Station. Publ. – Ont. Minist. Agric. Food, 350(5), 37–38.
Demir, H., Gölükçü, M., Topuz, A., Özdemir, F., Polat, E., Sahin, H. (2003). The effect of different organic fertilizers on the mineral contents of yedikule and iceberg lettuce types grown in organic farming. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 16(1), 79–85. DIN 11542:1978-01. Torf für Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft,52.
Epstein, E. (1997). The Science of Composting. Technomic Publishing Company, Switzerland, 483.
Erdin, E. (2016). Composting of Solid Wastes. http://web.deu.edu.tr/erdin/tr/ders/kati_atik/ders_not/katiatiklarinkompostlastirilmasi.pdf
Fuente, B., Bolan N., Naidu R., Mora, M. (2006). Phosphorus in organic waste-soil systems. Rev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. Vegetal 6(2), 64–83.
Haug, R.T. (1993). The practical handbook of compost engineering. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 717.
Haynes, R.J., Naidu, R. (1998). Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: a review. Nutr. Cycl. Agro Ecosyst., 51, 123–137.
Hernández, A., Castillo, H., Ojeda, D., Arras, A., López, J., Sánchez, E. (2010). Effect of vermicompost and compost on lettuce production. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 70(4), 583–589.
http://www.byegm.gov.tr/turkce/haber/topraksiz-tarimjeotermale-gz-koydu/29560 http://www.tarim.gov.tr/Konular/Bitkisel-Uretim/Tarla-Ve-Bahce-Bitkileri/Ortu-Alti-Yetistiricilik
http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001
Ismail A., Fun, C.S. (2003). Determination of vitamin C, β-carotene and riboflavin contents in five green vegetables organically and conventionally grown. Malays. J. Nutr., 9, 31–39.
Kacar, B. (1972). Chemical analyses of plant and soil. Ankara Univ., Agric. Fac., 453, Ankara, Turkey, 646.
Kacar, B., Kovancı, Đ. (1982). The Analysis of Phosphorus in Plant, Soil and Fertilizers. Ege Univ. Fac. Agric., 354.
Kacar, B., Đnal, A. (2008). Plant Analysis. Nobel Press, 1241.
Kaplan, M., Sönmez, S., Alagöz, Z. (2001). Agricultural activity induced environmental pollution in the Antalya region and solution, Int. Symposium Municipal and Industrial Wastes and Their Treatment in 2000’s, Istanbul, Turkey, 370–375.
Kaplan, M., Sönmez, S., Polat, E., Demir, H. (2008). Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield and nutritional status of lettuce. Asian J. Chem., 20, 1915–1926.
Kowalchuk, G.A., Naoumenko, Z.S., Derikx, P.J.L., Felske, A., Stephen, J.R., Arkhipchenko, I.A. (1999). Molecular analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the subdivision of the class proteobacteria in compost and composted materials. Appl. Env. Microbiology 65, 396–403.
Külcü, R., Yaldız, O. (2004). Determination of aeration rate and kinetics of composting some agricultural wastes. Bioresour. Technol., 93, 49–57.
Kürklü, A., Bilgin, S., Külcü, R., Yaldız, O. (2004). A Study on determination of amount and energy contents of some vegetable biomass wastes. Bioenergy Symp., 69–75.
Kütük, C., Topçuoğlu, B., Demir, K. (1999). Toprağa uygulanan farkli organik materyallerin ıspanak bitkisinde verim ile bazi kalite öğeleri ve mineral madde içerikleri üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 12, 31–36, (in Turkish).
Madeira, A.C., Ferreira, A., De Varennes, A., Vieira, M.I. (2003). SPAD Meter versus tristimulus colorimeter to estimate chlorophyll content and leaf color in sweet pepper. Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 34, 17(18), 2461–2470.
Manal, M.H., El–Mola, G., Saleh., S.M., Shafik, D.A., Esmail, A.A.M. (2012). Effect of adding compost at different depths on the growth of some vegetable crops under net plastic houses. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 1(1), 13–18.
Pearson, D. (1970). Analysis. Determination of L. Ascorbic Acid. International Federation of Fruit-Juice Producers, 17.
Pimentel, M.S., Lana, A.M.Q., De-Polli, H. (2008). Commercial quality of lettuce and carrot consortium and fertilized with organic compound. Embrapa Agrobiol., Bol. Pesqui Desenvolv., 28.
Polat, E., Onus, A.N., Demir, H. 2004. The effects of spent mushroom compost on yield and quality in lettuce growing. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 17(2), 149–154.
Porto, M.L., Alves, C.J. Souza, P.A., Araujo, C.R., Arruda, A.J. (2008). Nitrate production and accumulation in lettuce as affected by mineral nitrogen supply and organic fertilization. Hortic. Bras., 26(2), 227–230.
Rantala, P.R., Vaajasaari, K., Juvonen, R., Schultz, E., Joutti, A., Mäkelä-Kurtto, R. (1999). Composting of forest industry wastewater sludges for agriculture use. Water Sci. Tech., 40, 187–194.
Rodrigues, E.T., Casali, V.W.D. (1999). Yield and nutrient concentration in lettuce as a function of organic and mineral manuring. Hortic. Bras., 17, 125– 128.
Rodríguez, D.N., Cano, R.P., Figueroa, V.U., Palomo, G.A., Esteban, F.C., Álvarez, R.V. (2008). Producción de tomateen in vernadero con humus de lombrizcomosustrato. Rev. Fitotec. Mex., 3, 265–272.
Rooster, L. (1999). Use of compost in vegetable growing. Proeftuinnieuws, 9(6), 29–32.
Sakara, N.A., Zhiltsov, Y.A. (2007). Evaluating the adaptive potential of cabbage cultivars and hybrids in the primore territory. Kartofel Ovoschi, 7, 8–9.
Siomas A.S., Papadopoulou, P.P., Gogras, C.C. (2002). Quality of romaine and leaf lettuce at harvest and during storage. proc. 2nd Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes. Acta Hort., 579, 641–646.
Smith, S.R. (2009). A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Env. Int., 35, 142–156.
Szmidt, R.A.K., Conway, P.A. (1995). Leaching of recomposted spent mushroom substrates (SMS). Sci. Cult. Edible Fungi, 2, 901–905.
Tüzel, Y., Boztok, K., Eltez, R.Z. (1992). Atık kompostun kullanım alanları. Türkiye 4. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi, Yalova, 2, 5 (in Turkish).
Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Tüzel, I.H., Ongun, A.R. (2003). Organic cucumber production under greenhouse conditions. Acta Hort., 608, 149–157.
Vidigal, S.M., Ribeiro, C.A., Casali, D.W.V., Fontes, F.E.L. (1995). Response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to the residual effect of organic compost. I. Field trial. Revista Ceres, 42(239), 80–88.
Zheljazkov, V.D., Warman, P.R. (2004). Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to swiss chrd and basil. J. Env. Quality, 33, 542–552.
Akalan, Đ. (1987). The source of organic matter. Soil Science. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture Publications, 309, 218–219.
Alvarez, M.B., Gagne, S., Antoun, H. (1995). Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 61, 194–199.
Anton, M.A., Munoz, P., Castells, F., Montero, J.I., Solvia, M. (2005). Improving waste management in protected horticulture. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 25, 447–453.
Bauduin, M.O., Impens, R. (1985). Agronomic valorization of municipal waste composts, Acta Hort., 172, 117–124.
Brito, L.M., Monteiro, J.M., Mourao, I., Coutinho, J. (2014). Organic lettuce growth and nutrient uptake response to lime, compost and rock phosphate. J. Plant Nutr., 37, 1002–1011.
Çalıskan, S., Yetisir, H., Karanlık, S. (2014). Combined use of green manure and farmyard manure allows better nutrition of organic lettuce. Not. Bot. Hort. Agr., 42(1), 248–254.
Danny, L.R. (1992). Commercial mushroom production. Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario Vineland Station. Publ. – Ont. Minist. Agric. Food, 350(5), 37–38.
Demir, H., Gölükçü, M., Topuz, A., Özdemir, F., Polat, E., Sahin, H. (2003). The effect of different organic fertilizers on the mineral contents of yedikule and iceberg lettuce types grown in organic farming. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 16(1), 79–85. DIN 11542:1978-01. Torf für Gartenbau und Landwirtschaft,52.
Epstein, E. (1997). The Science of Composting. Technomic Publishing Company, Switzerland, 483.
Erdin, E. (2016). Composting of Solid Wastes. http://web.deu.edu.tr/erdin/tr/ders/kati_atik/ders_not/katiatiklarinkompostlastirilmasi.pdf
Fuente, B., Bolan N., Naidu R., Mora, M. (2006). Phosphorus in organic waste-soil systems. Rev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. Vegetal 6(2), 64–83.
Haug, R.T. (1993). The practical handbook of compost engineering. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 717.
Haynes, R.J., Naidu, R. (1998). Influence of lime, fertilizer and manure applications on soil organic matter content and soil physical conditions: a review. Nutr. Cycl. Agro Ecosyst., 51, 123–137.
Hernández, A., Castillo, H., Ojeda, D., Arras, A., López, J., Sánchez, E. (2010). Effect of vermicompost and compost on lettuce production. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 70(4), 583–589.
http://www.byegm.gov.tr/turkce/haber/topraksiz-tarimjeotermale-gz-koydu/29560 http://www.tarim.gov.tr/Konular/Bitkisel-Uretim/Tarla-Ve-Bahce-Bitkileri/Ortu-Alti-Yetistiricilik
http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001
Ismail A., Fun, C.S. (2003). Determination of vitamin C, β-carotene and riboflavin contents in five green vegetables organically and conventionally grown. Malays. J. Nutr., 9, 31–39.
Kacar, B. (1972). Chemical analyses of plant and soil. Ankara Univ., Agric. Fac., 453, Ankara, Turkey, 646.
Kacar, B., Kovancı, Đ. (1982). The Analysis of Phosphorus in Plant, Soil and Fertilizers. Ege Univ. Fac. Agric., 354.
Kacar, B., Đnal, A. (2008). Plant Analysis. Nobel Press, 1241.
Kaplan, M., Sönmez, S., Alagöz, Z. (2001). Agricultural activity induced environmental pollution in the Antalya region and solution, Int. Symposium Municipal and Industrial Wastes and Their Treatment in 2000’s, Istanbul, Turkey, 370–375.
Kaplan, M., Sönmez, S., Polat, E., Demir, H. (2008). Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield and nutritional status of lettuce. Asian J. Chem., 20, 1915–1926.
Kowalchuk, G.A., Naoumenko, Z.S., Derikx, P.J.L., Felske, A., Stephen, J.R., Arkhipchenko, I.A. (1999). Molecular analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the subdivision of the class proteobacteria in compost and composted materials. Appl. Env. Microbiology 65, 396–403.
Külcü, R., Yaldız, O. (2004). Determination of aeration rate and kinetics of composting some agricultural wastes. Bioresour. Technol., 93, 49–57.
Kürklü, A., Bilgin, S., Külcü, R., Yaldız, O. (2004). A Study on determination of amount and energy contents of some vegetable biomass wastes. Bioenergy Symp., 69–75.
Kütük, C., Topçuoğlu, B., Demir, K. (1999). Toprağa uygulanan farkli organik materyallerin ıspanak bitkisinde verim ile bazi kalite öğeleri ve mineral madde içerikleri üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 12, 31–36, (in Turkish).
Madeira, A.C., Ferreira, A., De Varennes, A., Vieira, M.I. (2003). SPAD Meter versus tristimulus colorimeter to estimate chlorophyll content and leaf color in sweet pepper. Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 34, 17(18), 2461–2470.
Manal, M.H., El–Mola, G., Saleh., S.M., Shafik, D.A., Esmail, A.A.M. (2012). Effect of adding compost at different depths on the growth of some vegetable crops under net plastic houses. Middle East J. Agric. Res., 1(1), 13–18.
Pearson, D. (1970). Analysis. Determination of L. Ascorbic Acid. International Federation of Fruit-Juice Producers, 17.
Pimentel, M.S., Lana, A.M.Q., De-Polli, H. (2008). Commercial quality of lettuce and carrot consortium and fertilized with organic compound. Embrapa Agrobiol., Bol. Pesqui Desenvolv., 28.
Polat, E., Onus, A.N., Demir, H. 2004. The effects of spent mushroom compost on yield and quality in lettuce growing. Akdeniz Univ., J. Fac. Agric., 17(2), 149–154.
Porto, M.L., Alves, C.J. Souza, P.A., Araujo, C.R., Arruda, A.J. (2008). Nitrate production and accumulation in lettuce as affected by mineral nitrogen supply and organic fertilization. Hortic. Bras., 26(2), 227–230.
Rantala, P.R., Vaajasaari, K., Juvonen, R., Schultz, E., Joutti, A., Mäkelä-Kurtto, R. (1999). Composting of forest industry wastewater sludges for agriculture use. Water Sci. Tech., 40, 187–194.
Rodrigues, E.T., Casali, V.W.D. (1999). Yield and nutrient concentration in lettuce as a function of organic and mineral manuring. Hortic. Bras., 17, 125– 128.
Rodríguez, D.N., Cano, R.P., Figueroa, V.U., Palomo, G.A., Esteban, F.C., Álvarez, R.V. (2008). Producción de tomateen in vernadero con humus de lombrizcomosustrato. Rev. Fitotec. Mex., 3, 265–272.
Rooster, L. (1999). Use of compost in vegetable growing. Proeftuinnieuws, 9(6), 29–32.
Sakara, N.A., Zhiltsov, Y.A. (2007). Evaluating the adaptive potential of cabbage cultivars and hybrids in the primore territory. Kartofel Ovoschi, 7, 8–9.
Siomas A.S., Papadopoulou, P.P., Gogras, C.C. (2002). Quality of romaine and leaf lettuce at harvest and during storage. proc. 2nd Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes. Acta Hort., 579, 641–646.
Smith, S.R. (2009). A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Env. Int., 35, 142–156.
Szmidt, R.A.K., Conway, P.A. (1995). Leaching of recomposted spent mushroom substrates (SMS). Sci. Cult. Edible Fungi, 2, 901–905.
Tüzel, Y., Boztok, K., Eltez, R.Z. (1992). Atık kompostun kullanım alanları. Türkiye 4. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi, Yalova, 2, 5 (in Turkish).
Tüzel, Y., Gül, A., Tüzel, I.H., Ongun, A.R. (2003). Organic cucumber production under greenhouse conditions. Acta Hort., 608, 149–157.
Vidigal, S.M., Ribeiro, C.A., Casali, D.W.V., Fontes, F.E.L. (1995). Response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to the residual effect of organic compost. I. Field trial. Revista Ceres, 42(239), 80–88.
Zheljazkov, V.D., Warman, P.R. (2004). Source-separated municipal solid waste compost application to swiss chrd and basil. J. Env. Quality, 33, 542–552.
İlker Sönmez
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Hüseyin Kalkan
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Halil Demir
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Recep Külcü
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University 32260, Isparta, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Süleyman Demirel University 32260, Isparta, Turkey
Osman Yaldiz
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Mustafa Kaplan
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University 07058, Antalya, Turkey
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