PURPLE CARROT LINES HAS SUPERIOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN TURKEY
Semih Kiraci
ARDSI, Provincial Coordination Unit, Konya, TurkeyHüseyin Padem
Abstract
The purple carrot population, which is cultivated commonly in Konya region in Turkey for industrial purposes, was used. Different types of purple carrots were collected in order to have a gene pool, and they were subjected to selection according to the characters studied. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Blocks Trial Design in a 3-recurrent using 22 inbred lines of purple carrot during 2009–2012. As for average yield, Eregli 1 was the highest (11.54 t·ha-1) whereas Eregli 14 was the lowest (9.27 t·ha-1). A correlation between some physical and chemical quality characteristics was determined. In carrot samples, the amount of dry matter was 12.63–16.30%, total sugar content was 7.13–9.67 g·100 g-1, the amount of β-carotene was 117.17–249.55 μg·g-1, the amount of anthocyanin
was 272.0–596.2 μg·g-1, the amount of total phenolic 155.83–206.67 mg·10-2 g-1 GAE, and antioxidant activity ranged from 31.85 to 44.20%. At the end of the study, the Eregli 9 and Eregli 10 lines were determined as hopeful lines, and Eregli 4 and Eregli 16 lines were determined as being cultivar candidate lines.
Keywords:
Daucus carota, quality characteristics, physical properties, selection, yieldReferences
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Amin, A., Dhillon, T.S., Mir, H., Shah, M.A. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity in carrot germplasms. SAARC, J. Agric., 10, 9–20.
Barański, R., Allender, C., Chodacka, M.K. (2012). Towards better tasting and more nutritious carrots: carotenoid and sugar content variation in carrot genetic resources. Food Res. Inter., 47, 182–187.
Barczak, A.B. (2005). Acylated anthocyanins as stable, natural food colorants. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 14, 107–116.
Bozalan, N.K., Karadeniz, F. (2011). Carotenoid profile, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of carrots. Inter. J. Food Proper., 14(5), 1060–1068
Changzhi, G., Lirong, Y., Zihoo, G., Lei, C., Liya, W. (2003). Selection of a new carrot F1 hybrid Tianhong No.1. China Veg., 2, 21–22.
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Ersus, S., Yurdagel, U. (2007). Microencapsulation of anthocyanin pigments of black carrot by spray drier. J. Food Engin., 80, 805–812.
Fikselova, M., Marecek, J., Mellen, M. (2010). Carotenes content in carrot roots as affected by cultivation and storage. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 73, 47–54.
Gajewski, M., Szymczak, P., Elkner, K., Dabrowska, A., Kret, A., Danilcenko, H. (2007). Some aspects of nutritive and biological value of carrot cultivars with orange, yellow and purple coloured roots. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 67, 149–161.
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Gajewski, M., Szymczak, P., Danilcenko, H. (2010). Changes of physical and chemical traits of roots of different carrot cultivars under cold store conditions. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 72, 115–127.
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Gupta, A.J., Verma, T.S. (2007). Studies on genetic variability and selection parameters in europen carrot. Hayrana J. Hort. Sci., 36, 166–168.
Gyamfi, M.A., Yonamine, M., Aniya, Y. (1999). Free radical scavenging action of medical herbs from ghane: Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally induced liver injuries. General. Pharmacol., 32, 661–667.
Holley, S.L., Edwards, C.G., Thorngate, J.H., Fellman, J.K., Matiinson, D.S., Sorensen, E.J., Dougherty, R.H. (2000). Chemical characterization of different lines of roots. J. Food Qual., 23, 487–502.
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Karkleliene, R., Radzevieius, A., Bobinas, C. (2009). Productivity and root-crop quality of Lithuanian carrot breeder lines. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., sect. B 63, 63–65.
Kidmose, U., Hansen, S.L., Christensen, L.P., Edelenbos, M., Larsen, E., Nørbæk, R. (2004). Effects of genotype, root size, storage and processing on bioactive compounds in organically grown carrots. J. Food Sci., 69, 388–394.
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Sekerci, S. (2010). Determınatıon of plant and phytochemical characteristics of colored carrots. M. Thesis, Gazi Osmanpasa University, Turkey.
Sękara, A., Kalisz, A., Cebula, S., Grabowska, A. (2012). The quality and processing usefulness of chosen polish carrot cultivars. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(5), 101–112.
Skrede, G., Nilsson, A., Baardseth, P., Rosenfeld, H.J., Enersen, G., Slinde, E. (1997). Evaluation of carrot varieties for production of deep fried carrot chips. Food Res. Internat., 30, 73–81.
Slinkard, K., Singelton, V.L. (1997). Total phenolic analysis, automation and comparison with manual methods. A. J. Enol. Viticult., 28, 49–55.
Simon, P.W., Wolff, Y. (1987). Carotenes in typical and dark orange carrots. J. Agric. Food Chem., 35, 1017–1022.
Simon, P.W. (2000). Domestication, historical development and modern breeding of carrot. Plant Breed. Rev., 19, 157–190.
Singh, J., Singh, B., Kalloo, G. (2002). Root morphology and carotene content in asiatic and european carrots. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 72, 225–227.
Singh, B., Pandey, S., Pal, A.K., Singh, J., Rai, M. (2005). Correlation and path coeffıcient analysis ın asiatic carrot. Veg. Sci., 32(2), 136–139.
Singh, D.P., Beloy, J., Mcinerney, J.K., Day, L. (2012). Impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of carrots. Food Chem., 132, 1161–1170.
Song, W., Derito, C.M., Liu, M.K., He, X., Dong, M., Liu, R.H. (2010). Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 6621–6629.
Suojala, T. (2000). Variation in sugar content and composition of carrot storage roots at harvest and during storage. Sci. Hort. 8, 1–19.
Swingle, D.B. (1946). A textbook of systematic botany. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Newyork, 323 p.
Tewatia, A.S., Dudi, B.S., Dahiya, M.S. (2000). Correlation and path coefficient analysis in carrot at different dates of sowing. Haryana J. Horti. Sci., 29, 217–220.
TUIK (2014). Crop production statistics, Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara. Turkish State Meterogical Service 2012, Ankara.
Vieira, J.V., Silva, G.O., Boiteux, L.S. (2012). Genetic parameter and correlation estimates of processing traits in half-sib progenies of tropical-adapted carrot germplasm. Hortic. Bras., 30, 7–11.
Vikas, A., Kanwar, H.S., Kanwar, M.S., Anshul, S. (2010). Estimation of genetic variation and correlation in european carrots. SKUAST-J, 9(2), 150–155
Uysal, V. (2000). The exraction of coloring matters (antocyanins) in black carrot and determination of their properties. M. Thesis, Ege University, Turkey.
Yadav, M., Tirkey, S., Singh, D.B., Chaudhary, R., Roshan, R.K., Pebam, N. (2009). Remove from marked records genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis in carrot. Indian J. Hort., 66(3), 315–318.
Yanmaz, R., Agaoglu, Y.S., Halloran, N., Kasım, M.U. (1995). Effects of different storage methods of storage life of carrots. Ankara U, Dept Hort. Ankara.
Yuanmin, C., Yong, W., Yanping, Z. (2008). A new carrot F1 hybrid – ‘Jinhong No. 5’. China Veg., 4, 40–41.
Alasalvar, C., Al-Farsi, M., Quantick, P.C., Wiktorowicz, R. (2005). Effect of chill storage and map on antioksidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolics and sensory quality of ready to eat shreded orange and purple carrots. Food Chem., 89, 69–76.
Amin, A., Dhillon, T.S., Mir, H., Shah, M.A. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity in carrot germplasms. SAARC, J. Agric., 10, 9–20.
Barański, R., Allender, C., Chodacka, M.K. (2012). Towards better tasting and more nutritious carrots: carotenoid and sugar content variation in carrot genetic resources. Food Res. Inter., 47, 182–187.
Barczak, A.B. (2005). Acylated anthocyanins as stable, natural food colorants. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 14, 107–116.
Bozalan, N.K., Karadeniz, F. (2011). Carotenoid profile, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of carrots. Inter. J. Food Proper., 14(5), 1060–1068
Changzhi, G., Lirong, Y., Zihoo, G., Lei, C., Liya, W. (2003). Selection of a new carrot F1 hybrid Tianhong No.1. China Veg., 2, 21–22.
Cemeroglu, B. (1992). Fruit and vegetable processing ındustries basic analysis methods. Biltav University Books Series, 02–2, Ankara.
Ersus, S., Yurdagel, U. (2007). Microencapsulation of anthocyanin pigments of black carrot by spray drier. J. Food Engin., 80, 805–812.
Fikselova, M., Marecek, J., Mellen, M. (2010). Carotenes content in carrot roots as affected by cultivation and storage. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 73, 47–54.
Gajewski, M., Szymczak, P., Elkner, K., Dabrowska, A., Kret, A., Danilcenko, H. (2007). Some aspects of nutritive and biological value of carrot cultivars with orange, yellow and purple coloured roots. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 67, 149–161.
Gajewski, M., Szymczak, P., Bajer, M. (2009). The accumulation of chemical compounds in storage roots by carrots of different cultivars during vegetation period. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 8(4), 69–78.
Gajewski, M., Szymczak, P., Danilcenko, H. (2010). Changes of physical and chemical traits of roots of different carrot cultivars under cold store conditions. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 72, 115–127.
Gıustı, M.M., Rodrıguez-Saona, L.E., Wrolstad, R.E. (1999). Molar absorptivity and color characteristics of acylated and non-acylated pelargonidin-based anthocyanins. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 4631–4637.
Gupta, A.J., Verma, T.S. (2007). Studies on genetic variability and selection parameters in europen carrot. Hayrana J. Hort. Sci., 36, 166–168.
Gyamfi, M.A., Yonamine, M., Aniya, Y. (1999). Free radical scavenging action of medical herbs from ghane: Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally induced liver injuries. General. Pharmacol., 32, 661–667.
Holley, S.L., Edwards, C.G., Thorngate, J.H., Fellman, J.K., Matiinson, D.S., Sorensen, E.J., Dougherty, R.H. (2000). Chemical characterization of different lines of roots. J. Food Qual., 23, 487–502.
Karkleliene, R., Dambrauskiene, E., Radzevicius, A. (2008). Evaluation of the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of edible carrot. Biologija, 54, 101–104.
Karkleliene, R., Radzevieius, A., Bobinas, C. (2009). Productivity and root-crop quality of Lithuanian carrot breeder lines. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., sect. B 63, 63–65.
Kidmose, U., Hansen, S.L., Christensen, L.P., Edelenbos, M., Larsen, E., Nørbæk, R. (2004). Effects of genotype, root size, storage and processing on bioactive compounds in organically grown carrots. J. Food Sci., 69, 388–394.
Kreutzmann, S., Thybo, A.K., Edelenbos, M., Christensen, L.P. (2008). The role of volatile compounds on aroma and flavour perception in coloured raw carrot genotypes. J. Food Sci. Tech., 43, 1619–1627.
Majkowska-Gadomska, J., Wierzbicka, B. (2010). The yield and nutritive value of selected carrot cultivars with orange and purple colored storage roots. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 75–84.
Manosa, N.A. (2011). Influence of temperature on yield and quality of carrots. M. Thesis, University of The Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Nicole, C., Simon, G., Rock, E., Amouroux, P., Remesy, C. (2004). Genetic variability influences carotenoid, vitamin, phenolic and mineral content in white, yellow, purple, orange and darkorange carrot cultivars. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 129, 523–529.
Rubatzky, V.E., Quiros, C.F., Simon, P.W. (1999). Carrots and related vegetable umbelliferae. Cabi Publishing, New York, 287 p.
Santos, C.A.F., Senalik, D., Simon, P.W. (2005). Path analysis suggests phytoene accumulation is the key step limitingthe carotenoid pathway in white carrot roots. Gen. Mol. Biol., 28(2), 287–293.
Sekerci, S. (2010). Determınatıon of plant and phytochemical characteristics of colored carrots. M. Thesis, Gazi Osmanpasa University, Turkey.
Sękara, A., Kalisz, A., Cebula, S., Grabowska, A. (2012). The quality and processing usefulness of chosen polish carrot cultivars. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(5), 101–112.
Skrede, G., Nilsson, A., Baardseth, P., Rosenfeld, H.J., Enersen, G., Slinde, E. (1997). Evaluation of carrot varieties for production of deep fried carrot chips. Food Res. Internat., 30, 73–81.
Slinkard, K., Singelton, V.L. (1997). Total phenolic analysis, automation and comparison with manual methods. A. J. Enol. Viticult., 28, 49–55.
Simon, P.W., Wolff, Y. (1987). Carotenes in typical and dark orange carrots. J. Agric. Food Chem., 35, 1017–1022.
Simon, P.W. (2000). Domestication, historical development and modern breeding of carrot. Plant Breed. Rev., 19, 157–190.
Singh, J., Singh, B., Kalloo, G. (2002). Root morphology and carotene content in asiatic and european carrots. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 72, 225–227.
Singh, B., Pandey, S., Pal, A.K., Singh, J., Rai, M. (2005). Correlation and path coeffıcient analysis ın asiatic carrot. Veg. Sci., 32(2), 136–139.
Singh, D.P., Beloy, J., Mcinerney, J.K., Day, L. (2012). Impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of carrots. Food Chem., 132, 1161–1170.
Song, W., Derito, C.M., Liu, M.K., He, X., Dong, M., Liu, R.H. (2010). Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 6621–6629.
Suojala, T. (2000). Variation in sugar content and composition of carrot storage roots at harvest and during storage. Sci. Hort. 8, 1–19.
Swingle, D.B. (1946). A textbook of systematic botany. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Newyork, 323 p.
Tewatia, A.S., Dudi, B.S., Dahiya, M.S. (2000). Correlation and path coefficient analysis in carrot at different dates of sowing. Haryana J. Horti. Sci., 29, 217–220.
TUIK (2014). Crop production statistics, Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara. Turkish State Meterogical Service 2012, Ankara.
Vieira, J.V., Silva, G.O., Boiteux, L.S. (2012). Genetic parameter and correlation estimates of processing traits in half-sib progenies of tropical-adapted carrot germplasm. Hortic. Bras., 30, 7–11.
Vikas, A., Kanwar, H.S., Kanwar, M.S., Anshul, S. (2010). Estimation of genetic variation and correlation in european carrots. SKUAST-J, 9(2), 150–155
Uysal, V. (2000). The exraction of coloring matters (antocyanins) in black carrot and determination of their properties. M. Thesis, Ege University, Turkey.
Yadav, M., Tirkey, S., Singh, D.B., Chaudhary, R., Roshan, R.K., Pebam, N. (2009). Remove from marked records genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path analysis in carrot. Indian J. Hort., 66(3), 315–318.
Yanmaz, R., Agaoglu, Y.S., Halloran, N., Kasım, M.U. (1995). Effects of different storage methods of storage life of carrots. Ankara U, Dept Hort. Ankara.
Yuanmin, C., Yong, W., Yanping, Z. (2008). A new carrot F1 hybrid – ‘Jinhong No. 5’. China Veg., 4, 40–41.
Semih Kiraci
ARDSI, Provincial Coordination Unit, Konya, Turkey
ARDSI, Provincial Coordination Unit, Konya, Turkey
Hüseyin Padem
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