THE EFFECT OF COLD STORAGE ON THE BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CAUCASIAN WHORTLEBERRY (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.). A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Burhan Ozturk
Ordu University, Ordu, TurkeyOrhan Karakaya
Ordu University, Ordu, TurkeySuleyman Muhammed Celik
Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, TurkeyMedeni Karakaya
Ordu University, Ordu, TurkeySaadet Koc Guler
Ordu University, Ordu, TurkeyTarık Yarılgac
Ordu University, Ordu, TurkeyHabip Aydın
Piraziz Directorate of District Food Agriculture and Livestock, Giresun, TurkeyAhmet Ozturk
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TurkeyAbstract
In this study, antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), individual phenolic compounds (IPCs), vitamin C and six other fruit characteristics
including weight loss, flesh firmness, color, soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter and titratable acidity (TA) of Caucasian whortleberry fruits (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) were determined at harvest and at a week postharvest intervals throughout the cold storage at 0°C for 4 weeks. Significant decreases were observed in fruit weight and flesh firmness during the cold storage period. While L* and chroma values decreased significantly, an increase was observed in hue angle values. Significant increases were observed in dry matter, but decreases were observed in SSC, TA and vitamin C contents. Caucasian whortleberry fruits had quite high polyphenol contents. Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), antioxidant activity (AA) (according to ABTS+, DPPH· and FRAP antioxidant tests) and individual phenolic compounds (IPCs) significantly decreased throughout the cold storage. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic in Caucasian whortleberry fruits. It was concluded that Caucasian whortleberry fruits with high phenolic compound and flavonoid levels might serve a potential antioxidant source.
Keywords:
Chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, flesh firmness, phenolics, weight lossReferences
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Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoǧlu, A., Reunanen, M. (1997). Changes in phenolic acid contents of Diospyros lotus L. during fruit development. J. Agr. Food Chem., 45, 2539–2541.
Ayaz, F.A., Kadioglu, A., Bertoft, E., Acar, C., Turna, I. (2001). Effect of fruit maturation on sugar and organic acid composition in two blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos & V. myrtillus) Native to Turkey. New Zeal. J. Crop and Hort., 29, 137–141.
Ayaz, F.A., Ayaz, S.H., Gruz, J., Novak, O., Strnad, M. (2005). Separation, characterization, and quantitation of phenolic acids in a little-known blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) fruit by HPLC-MS. J. Agr. Food Chem., 53, 8116–8122.
Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘antioxidant power’: The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239, 70–76.
Beyhan, O. (2010). A study on selection of promising native cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) genotypes from Sakarya, Turkey. The J. Anim. Plant. Sci., 20, 231–233.
Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 26, 1199–1200.
Bunea, A., Rugina, D., Pintea, A., Sconţa, Z., Bunea, C., Socaciu, C. (2011). Comparative polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities of some wild and cultivated blueberries from Romania. Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobo., 39, 70–76.
Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., Chern, J.C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug. Anal., 10, 178–182.
Concha-Meyer, A., Eifert, J.D., Williams, R.C., Marcy, J.E., Welbaum, G.E. (2015). Shelf life determination of fresh blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) stored under controlled atmosphere and ozone. Int. J. Food Sci., doi: 10.1155/2015/164143.
Çelik, H., Koca, I. (2013). Pomological and chemical properties of some Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) grown in Güneysu-Rize, Turkey. International Caucasian Forestry Symposium, 24–26 October, 2013, Artvin, Turkey, pp. 464–471.
Demirtas, I., Erenler, R., Elmastas, M., Goktasoglu, A. (2013). Studies on the antioxidant potential of flavones of Allium vineale isolated from its water-soluble fraction. Food Chem., 136, 34–40.
Duarte, C., Guerr, M., Daniel, P., Camelo, A.L., Yommi, A. (2009). Quality changes of highbush blueberries fruit stored in CA with different CO2 levels. J. Food Sci., 74, 154–159.
Gonçalves, B., Landbo, A.K., Knudsen, D., Silva, A.P., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Rosa, E., Meyer, A.S. (2004). Effect of ripeness and postharvest storage on the phenolic profiles of cherries (Prunus avium L.). J. Agr. Food Chem., 52, 523–530.
Hasanloo, T., Sepehrifar, R., Hajimehdipoor, H. (2011). Levels of phenolic compounds and their effects on antioxidant capacity of wild Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Qare-Qat) collected from different regions of Iran. Tur. J. Biol., 35, 371–377.
Huang, W.Y., Zhang, H.C., Liu, W.X., Li, C.Y. (2012). Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J. Zhejiang Univ-Sc. B, 13, 94–102.
Huang, X., Li, J., Shang, H., Meng, X. (2015). Effect of methyl jasmonate on the anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of blueberries during cold storage. J. Sci. Food Agr., 95, 337–343.
Koca, I., Karadeniz, B. (2009). Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam, 121, 447–450.
Kruger, M.J., Davies, N., Myburgh, K.H., Lecour, S. (2014). Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases. Food Res. Int., 59, 41–52
Lobos, G.A., Callow, P., Hnacock, J.F. (2014). The effect of delaying harvest date on fruit quality and storage of late highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Postharv. Biol. Tec., 87, 133–139.
Mitcham, E.J., Mitchell, F.G. (2002). Postharvest handling systems: small fruits. II. strawberries and cane berries in postharvest technology of horticultural crops, Kader, A.(ed.). U. Calif. Agr. Sci. Bull., Oakland, Calif, USA, 3rd edit., vol. 3311, pp. 364–368,
Naczk, M., Shahidi, F. (2006). Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: occurrence, extraction and analysis. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 41, 1523–1542.
Özgen, M., Çelik, H., Saraçoğlu, O. (2014). Less known Vaccinium: Antioxidant and chemical properties of selected Caucasian whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos) fruits native to black sea region of Turkey. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortoruu Cultus, 13, 59–68.
Pellegrini, N., Re, R., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C.A. (1999). Screening of dietary carotenoids and carotenoid-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying the 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid radical cation decolorization assay. Method. Enzymol., 299, 379–389.
Reque, P.M., Steffens, R.S., Jablonski, A., Flores, S.H., Rios, A.O., Jong, E.V. (2014). Cold storage of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruits and juice: Anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity. J. Food Compos. Anal., 33,111–116.
Saral, Ö., Ölmez, Z., Sahin, H. (2015). Comparison of antioxidant properties of wild blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L.) with cultivated blueberry varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Artvin region of Turkey. Turkish J. Agricult. Food Sci. Technol., 3(1), 40–44.
Wang, S.Y., Chen, C.T. (2010). Effect of Allyl isothiocyanate on antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids and post-harvest fruit quality of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. Duke). Food Chem., 122, 1153–1158.
Yıldız, S. (2012). The investigation of phenolics compounds and antioxidant capacities of Vaccinium spp. variety grown as cultivated and indigeneous in Turkey. Uludağ Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Department of Food Engineering, master thesis (in Turkish).
Zheng, Y., Wang, C.Y., Wang, S.Y., Zheng, W. (2003). Effect of high-oxygen atmospheres on blueberry phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, 7162–7169.
Burhan Ozturk
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Orhan Karakaya
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Suleyman Muhammed Celik
Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
Medeni Karakaya
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Saadet Koc Guler
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Tarık Yarılgac
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Habip Aydın
Piraziz Directorate of District Food Agriculture and Livestock, Giresun, Turkey
Piraziz Directorate of District Food Agriculture and Livestock, Giresun, Turkey
Ahmet Ozturk
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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