FARM LEVEL ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDE USE IN SWEET CHERRY (Prunus avium L.) GROWING IN WEST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
Hasan Yilmaz
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta,TurkeyAbstract
Pesticides are chemicals that are used to control and avoid fruit losses from pests and diseases in fruit production. Various kinds of pesticides have been used in sweet cherry growing to increase yield and farm income in Turkey. This study was conducted to analyze the farm-level of pesticide use in sweet cherry growing in West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Data was collected from 89 growers using the simple random sampling method. Results of this research show that the average usage of agricultural chemicals are 53 349.50 g per hectare as an active ingredient in the sweet cherry growing. The percentages of used agricultural chemicals are 79.82, 19.11 and 1.07% copper sulphates, pesticides and winter & mineral oils +DNOC, respectively. It was calculated that economic loss was €162.92 per hectare due to overdose of agricultural chemicals. Chi square test analysis showed that, there was a significant relationship between farmers' pesticide use
practices and farm size, listening agriculture related program on radio, information needs in disease, insects and pests management, applying protective pesticides and use personal protecting equipment.
Keywords:
pesticide use,, sweet cherry growing, pesticide economics, extension, TurkeyReferences
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Rahman, S. (2003). Farm-level pesticide use in Bangladesh: determinants and awareness. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ., 95, 241–252.
TURKSTAT (2014). Turkish Statistical Institute, Crop Production Statistics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
Waichman, A.V., Nailson, E., Silva, N.C. (2007) Do farmers understand the information displayed on pesticide product labels? A key question to reduce pesticides exposure and risk of poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon. Crop Protect., 26, 576–583
Van Mele, P., Hai, T.V., Thas, O., Van Huis, A. (2010). Influence of pesticide information sources on citrus farmers’ knowledge, perception and practices in pest management, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Internat. J. Pest Manag., 48(2), 169–177.
WHO (2010). World Health Organization. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification. International Programme on Chemical Safety. ISSN 1684–1042.
Yamane, T. (2001). Basic sampling methods. In: Translators, A., Esin, M.A., Bakir, C., Aydin, E., Gurbuzsel (eds.). Literatur Publishing, Istanbul.
Atreya, K. (2007). Pesticide use knowledge and practices: A gender differences in Nepal. Environ. Res., 104, 305–311.
Budak, F., Budak, D.B. (2006). Farm level analysis of pesticide use in cotton production in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 27(2), 299–303.
Chalermphol, J.S., Genesh, P. (2009). Pesticide use and prevention practices of tangerine growers in Northern Thailand. J. Agricult. Educat. Extens., 15(1), 21–38.
Delen, N., Ozbek, T. (1990). Pesticide usage and related problems in Turkey. Proceedings of Turkish Agricultural Engineering 3rd Technical Congress, T.M.M.O.B., January 8–12, Ankara, pp. 216–224.
Delen, N., Durmusoglu, E., Guncan, A., Gungor, N., Turgut, C., Burcak, A., (2005). Problems concerning pesticide use in Turkey, residues and reduced sensitivity in organisms. Agricultural Engineering VI. Technical Congress, 3–7 January. Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects, Chamber of Agricultural Engineers, Ankara, pp. 629–648.
Demircan, V., Aktas, A.R. (2004). Determination of the level of pesticide use and farmers tendency in cherry production in Isparta province. Turk. J. Agricult. Econom., 9, 51–65.
Demircan, V., Yilmaz, H. (2005). The analysis in terms of economics and environmental sensitivity of pesticide use in apple production in Isparta Province. Ekoloji, 15(57), 15–25.
Demircan, V., Hatirli, S.A., Aktas, A.R. (2004). Marketing structure and problems of sweet cherry in Isparta Province, Suleyman Demirel University. J. Inst. Nat. Sci., 8, 26–33.
Demirsoy, H., Demirsoy, L., Macit, İ., Akcay, M.E., Bas, M., Demirtas, İ., Sarısu, C., Taner, T., Kuden, A. (2013). Sweet cherry growing in Turkey – a brief overview. http://www.cherry2013.com/sites/cherry2013.com/files/presentaciones/S2_O6_Demirsoy.pdf.
Engindeniz, S. (2006). Economic analysis of pesticide use on processing tomato growing: A case study for Turkey. Crop Protect., 25, 534–541.
Engindeniz, S., Engindeniz, Y. (2006). Economic analysis of pesticide use on greenhouse cucumber growing: A case study for Turkey. J. Plant Dis. Protect., 113(5), 193–198.
EUROSTAT (2007). The use of plant protection products in the European Union, Data 1992–2003, European Commission, Environment Statistics. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-76-06-669/EN/KS-76-06-669-N.PDF
Falconer, K. (2002). Pesticide environmental indicators and environmental policy. J. Environ. Manag., 65, 285–300.
FALM (2010). Working reports, general directorate of protection and control, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (FALM) of Turkey, Ankara.
FAOSTAT (2014). The statistics division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor
Fernandez, J., Jans, S., Smith, M. (1998). Issues in the economics of pesticide use in agriculture. Rev. Empr. Evid. Rev. Agricult. Econom., 20(2), 462–488.
Gun, S., Kan, M. (2009). Pesticide use in Turkish greenhouses: Health and environmental consciousness. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 18(4), 607–615.
Harmancioglu, N., Alpaslan, N., Boelee, E. (2001). Irrigation, health and environment: a review of literature from Turkey. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute, IWMI working paper 6. 21 p.
Hasing, T., Carpio, C.E., Willis, D.B., Sydorovych, O., Marra, M. (2012). The effect of label information on U.S. farmers’ herbicide choices. Agricult. Res. Econom. Rev., 41, 200–14.
Isin, S., Yildirim, I. (2007). Fruit-growers’ perceptions on the harmful effects of pesticides and their reflection practices. The Case of Kemalpasa, Turkey. Crop Protect., 26, 917–922.
Karaca, İ., Ay, R., Karaca, G. (2005). Effects of pesticides on the enviroment and human health. Hasad, 21(245), 86–89
Kishi, M. (2002). Farmers’ perceptions of pesticides, and resultant health problems from exposures. Internat. J. Occupat. Environ. Health, 8(3), 175–181.
Kızılay, H., Akcaoz, H. (2009). Examination of economic loss for pesticide and fertilizer application in apple production. A case study of Antalya Province. Res. J. Agricult. Sci. (TABAD), 2(1), 113–119.
Koseoglu, M., Yamak, R. (2008). Uygulamalı İstatistik. Celepler Matbaacılık, 3. Baskı. Trabzon.
MARA (2009). List of registered plant protection products. General Directorate of Protection and Control. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA). Ankara. p. 402.
MARA (2011). Combat with pests and diseases of sweet cherry and cherry. General Directorate of Protection and Control. Turkish Republic Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Technical Bulletin, pp. 76.
Norton, GW., Sanchez, G., Clarke-Harris, D., Kone Traore, H. (2003). Case study: reducing pesticide residues on horticultural crops. In Food Safety in Food Security and Food Trade, Focus 10, ed Unnevehr L (International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC), pp 21–23.
OECD (2008). Environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries since 1990. Turkey Country Section. Paris, France.
Oerke, E.C., Dehne, D.W., Schonbeck, F., Weber, A. (1994). Crop production and crop protection. Estimated losses in major food and cash crops. Elsevier Hardcover, Amsterdam, pp. 830.
Peker, K. (2004). Comparative economic analysis between chemical pesticides and bacterium using in apricot production. Die Bodenkultur, 55(2), 47–51.
Pimental, D. (2005). Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Environ. Develop. Sustain., 7, 229–252.
Pingali, P.L., Rola, A.C. (1995). Impact of pesticides on farmer health and the rice environment. public regulatory roles in developing markets: the case of Philippines. In: Impact of Pesticides on Farmer Health and the Rice Environment, P.L., Pingali, P., Roger, (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
Rahman, S. (2003). Farm-level pesticide use in Bangladesh: determinants and awareness. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ., 95, 241–252.
TURKSTAT (2014). Turkish Statistical Institute, Crop Production Statistics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
Waichman, A.V., Nailson, E., Silva, N.C. (2007) Do farmers understand the information displayed on pesticide product labels? A key question to reduce pesticides exposure and risk of poisoning in the Brazilian Amazon. Crop Protect., 26, 576–583
Van Mele, P., Hai, T.V., Thas, O., Van Huis, A. (2010). Influence of pesticide information sources on citrus farmers’ knowledge, perception and practices in pest management, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Internat. J. Pest Manag., 48(2), 169–177.
WHO (2010). World Health Organization. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification. International Programme on Chemical Safety. ISSN 1684–1042.
Yamane, T. (2001). Basic sampling methods. In: Translators, A., Esin, M.A., Bakir, C., Aydin, E., Gurbuzsel (eds.). Literatur Publishing, Istanbul.
Hasan Yilmaz
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta,Turkey
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta,Turkey
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