THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF SPIDER MITES (Acari: tetranychidae) POPULATION IN SINGLEAND MULTI-LEADER APPLE TREE CROWNS OF ELSTAR AND JONAGOLD CVS.
Ireneusz Sosna
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesMaria Kelm
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesMarta Lenort
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWładysław Kadłubiec
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract
The present study aimed at finding techniques alternative to chemical control, capable of reducing spider mite density. The experiment was carried out in 7 single-leader and 3 multi-leader training systems. The pest density was compared across the systems and between apple cultivars Elstar and Jonagold showing variable crown densities and trichome cover of leaves. The spider mite mobile stages were more abundant in singleleaders crowns, whereas more eggs were laid in multi-leader crowns. Nevertheless, the egg and the youngest stages survival was reduced in multi-leader crowns probably by the more intensive solar radiation reducing the air RH. The lowest pest abundance was found in the crowns of the V-Güttingen system, and in the similar, stretched Tatura trellis 2-leader system. These types of crowns should be therefore recommended for integrated and organic apple production.
Keywords:
Malus domestica, tree architecture, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticaeReferences
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Rutkowski K., Kantorowicz-Bąk M., Pacholak E., 2009. Effect of different training systems on growth and yielding systems of two apple cultivars. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 17(1), 49–59.
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Szewczuk A., Gudarowska E., 2004. Wpływ podkładki i sposobów cięcia na regularność plonowania drzew odmiany ‘Honeygold’ posadzonych w dużym zagęszczeniu. Zesz. Nauk. ISiK Skierniewice, 12, 59–66.
Willaume M., Lauri P.E., Sinoquet H., 2004. Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation. Trees: Struct. Funct., 18 (6), 705–713.
Yanar D., Ecevit O., 2008. Species composition and seasonal occurrence of spider mites and their predators in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Tocat, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 36(5), 491–501.
Bielak B., 1986. Influence of some plants of the Rosaceae family on the biology of the red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch). III. Influence of apple leaves and of their localization on long shoots and spurs. Ann. Warsaw Agric. Univ. SGGW-AR , Horticult. 13, 19–26.
Boczek J., 1999. Zarys akarologii rolniczej. PWN, Warszawa, 358 ss.
Buler Z., Mika A., 2006. Growth, yield and fruit quality in ‘Šampion’ apple trees trained using four different training systems: Hytec, Solen, Mikado and Spindle. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 14, 117–124.
Buler Z., Mika A., 2009. The influence of canopy architecture on light interception and distribution in ‘Šampion’ apple trees. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 17(2), 45–52.
Bylemans D., 1998. The extreme incidence of fruit mites in the late summer of 1997 and its consequences for 1998. Fruitteelt-nieuws, 11(6), 6–8.
Cuthbertson A.G.S., Murhie A.K., 2005. European red spider mite – an environmental consequence of persistent chemical pesticide application. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 3(2), 287–290.
FAO, 2007. World reference base for soil resources.
Hampson C.R., Quamme H.A., Brownlee R.T., 2002. Canopy growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees grown for eight years in five tree training systems. Hort. Sci., 37(4), 627–631.
Kasap I., 2003. Life history of hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on various apple cultivars and different temperatures. Exp. Appl. Acar., 31, 79–91.
Licznar-Małańczuk M., 2004. Influence of planting and training system on fruit yield in apple orchard. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. Spec. ed., 12, 97–104.
Licznar-Małańczuk M., 2006.Training system and fruit quality in the apple cultivar ‘Jonagold’. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 14 (suppl. 2), 213–218.
Mika A., 2001. Wpływ architektury sadu na jakość owoców. Zesz. Nauk. ISiK Skierniewice, 9, 129–145.
Nowacka A., Gnusowski B., Walorczyk S., Drożdżyński D., Wójcik A., Raczkowski M., Hołodyńska A., Barylska E., Ziółkowski A., Chmielewska E., Rzeszutko U., Giza I., Łozowicka B., Kaczyński P., Rutkowska E., Szpyrka E., Rupar J., Rogozińska K., Machowska A., Słowik-Borowiec M., Kuźmenko A., Szala J., 2009. Pozostałości środków ochrony roślin w płodach rolnych (rok 2008). Prog. Plant. Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośli, 49(4), 1903–1917.
Park S.D., Kwon T.Y., Park S.D., Choi B.S., 1994. A survey on the occurrence of Panonychus ulmi and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) in apple orchards, and quality changes in apple fruits by their attack. RDA J. Agr. Sci. Crop Protec., 36(2), 363–368.
Pieniążek S.A., 2000. Sadownictwo. PWRiL Warszawa.
Rutkowski K., Kantorowicz-Bąk M., Pacholak E., 2009. Effect of different training systems on growth and yielding systems of two apple cultivars. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 17(1), 49–59.
Sangita S., Thakur V.S., 2004. Incidence of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in relation to meteorological parameters on apple. Hort. J., 17(3), 213–218.
Sauge M.H., Fauvel G., 1996. Influence du statut hydrique de jeunes pommiers en pots sur l’abondance de l’araignee rouge Panonychus ulmi. Interactions insectes-plantes. Actes des 5e journees du groupe de travail relations insectes-plantes Montpellier, France, 26–27 Octobre 1995.
Simon S., Lauri P.E., Brun L., Defrance H., Sauphanor B., 2006. Does manipulation of fruit tree architecture affect the development of pest and pathogens? A case study in an organic apple orchard. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech., 81(4), 765–773.
Sosna I., 2004. Badania nad osłabianiem wzrostu jabłoni za pomocą podkładek, wysokiej okulizacji, sposobu sadzenia drzew, formowania koron i cięcia. Zesz. Nauk. AR Wrocław, 492, rozprawy 243.
Surawska M., Kołodziejczyk R., 2006. Zużycie środków ochrony roślin w Polsce. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Roślin, 46(1), 470–483.
Szewczuk A., Gudarowska E., 2004. Wpływ podkładki i sposobów cięcia na regularność plonowania drzew odmiany ‘Honeygold’ posadzonych w dużym zagęszczeniu. Zesz. Nauk. ISiK Skierniewice, 12, 59–66.
Willaume M., Lauri P.E., Sinoquet H., 2004. Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation. Trees: Struct. Funct., 18 (6), 705–713.
Yanar D., Ecevit O., 2008. Species composition and seasonal occurrence of spider mites and their predators in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Tocat, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 36(5), 491–501.
Ireneusz Sosna
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Maria Kelm
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Marta Lenort
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Władysław Kadłubiec
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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