THE CONTENT OF PHENOLIC GLYCOSIDES AND MACROELEMENTS
Danuta Sugier
University of Life Sciences in LublinPiotr Sugier
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in LublinArkadiusz Banaś
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in LublinCzesław Szewczuk
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
The willows with high phenolic glycosides concentrations are used in herbal production. The knowledge about these metabolites are well documented, but less is
known about macroelement concentration in the bark of herb willows. The aims of this study were to evaluate the content of phenolic glycosides and macroelements in the bark of Salix alba, S. daphnoides and S. purpurea originating from their natural habitats and cultivated on the two different soil types. The study was carried out in 2009 and 2010 on a 5–6 year-old plantation. All the species cultivated on the loess soil were characterized by the highest concentration of phenolic glycosides in the bark. The soil type under willow plantation determined both the content of phenolic glycosides and the content of macroelements in the bark of all the three willow species. Calcium primarily determined the difference in the chemical composition of the bark. Among the species studied, Salix alba was characterized by the highest content of K, Ca and Mg in the bark, compared to the other species studied, irrespective of the soil conditions.
Keywords:
S. alba, S. daphnoides, S. purpurea, willow bark, soil conditionsReferences
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Bisset N., Wichtl M., 2001. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals, CRC, London.
Bungart R., Bens O., Hüttl R.F., 2000. Production of bioenergy in post-mining landscapes in Lusatia. Perspectives and challenges for alternative land use systems. Ecol. Engin. 16, 5–16.
DAB – Deutsches Arzneibuch, 10th ed. Deutscher Apotheker Verlag. Stuttgart, 1996.
Desideri D., Meli M.A., Roselli C., 2010. Determination of essential and non-essential elements in some medicinal plants by polarised X ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDPXRF). Microchem. J. 95, 174–180.
Farmakopea Polska VI, Polish Pharmacopeia. 2002. Wyd. URPL i PTF Warszawa, 485–487.
Förster N., Ulrichs C., Zander M., Kätzel R., 2010. Factors influencing the variability of antioxidative phenolic glycosides in Salix species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58(14), 8205–8210.
Gawlik-Dziki U., Świeca M., Sugier D., 2012. Enhancement of antioxidant abilities and the lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of broccoli sprouts by biotic elicitors. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 11(1) 13–25.
Gawlik-Dziki U., Świeca M., Dziki D., Sugier D., 2013. Improvement of nutraceutical value of broccoli sprouts by natural elicitors. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 12(1), 129–140.
Heiska S., Rousi M., Turtola S., Meier B., Tirkkonen V., Julkunen-Tiitto R., 2005. The effect of genotype and cultivation method on the total salicylate yield of dark-leaved willows (Salix myrsinifolia). Planta Med. 71, 1134–1139.
Heiska S., Tikkanen O-P., Rousi M., Turtola S., Tirkkonen V., Meier B., Julkunen-Tiitto R., 2007. The susceptibility of herbal willow to Melampsora rust and herbivores. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 118, 275–285.
Heiska S., Tikkanen O.-P., Rousi M., Julkunen-Tiitto R., 2008. Bark salicylates and condensed tannins reduce vole browsing amongst cultivated dark-leaved willows (Salix myrsinifolia). Chemoecology 17, 245–253.
Hostanska K., Jürgenliemk G., Abel G., Nahrstedt A., Saller R., 2007. Willow bark extract (BNO1455) and its fractions suppress growth and induce apoptosis in human colon and lung cancer cells. Cancer Detect. Prev. 31, 129–139.
Hytönen J., Kaunisto S., 1999. Effect of fertilization on the biomass production of coppiced mixed birch and willow stands on a cut-away. Biom. Bioen. 17, 455–469.
Julkunen-Tiitto R., Rousi M., Meier B., Tirkkonen V., Tegelberg R., Heiska S., Turtola S., Paunonen R., 2005. Herbal medicine production, breeding and cultivation of salicylates producing plants. In: Sustainable use of renewable natural resources – from principles to practices, Jalkanen A., Nygren P. (eds.). University of Helsinki Department of Forest Ecology Publications, 34. http://www.helsinki.fi/mmtdk/mmeko/sunare.
Krauze-Baranowska M., Szumowicz E., 2004. Wierzba – źródło surowców leczniczych o działaniu przeciwzapalnym i przeciwbólowym. Pos. Fitoter. 2, 77–86.
Larsson S., Wiren A., Lundgren L., Ericsson T., 1986. Effects of light and nutrient stress on leaf phenolic chemistry in Salix dasyclados and susceptibility to Galerucella lineola (Coleoptera). Oikos 47, 205–210.
Lorens B., Grądziel T. Sugier P., 2003. Changes in vegetation of restored water-land ecotone of lake Bikcze (Polesie Lubelskie Region, Eastern Poland) in the years 1993–1998. Pol. J. Ecol. 51(2), 175–182.
Nurzyńska-Wierdak R., Borowski B., Dzida K., 2011. Yield and chemical composition of basil herb depending on cultivar and foliar feeding with nitrogen. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(1), 207–219.
Pobłocka-Olech L., van Nederkassel A-M., Vander Heyden Y., Krauze-Baranowska M., Głód D., Bączek T., 2007. Chromatographic analysis of salicylic compounds in different species of the genus Salix. J. Sep. Sci. 30, 2958–2966.
Pobłocka-Olech L., Krauze-Baranowska M., Głód D., Kawiak A., Łojkowska E., 2010. Chromatographic analysis of simple phenols in some species from the genus Salix. Phytochem. Anal. 21, 463–469.
Schmid B., Lüdtke R., Selbmann H.K., Schaffner W., Kötter I., Tschirdewahn B., Heide L., Schaffer W., 2001. Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized willow bark extract in patients with osteoarthritis, randomized placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial. Phytother Res. 15, 344–350.
Seidler-Łożykowska K., Golcz A., Wójcik J., 2008. Field and quality of sweet basil, savory, marjoram and thyme Raw materiale from organic cultivation on the composed manure. J. Res. Applic. Agric. Eng. 53(4), 63–66.
Sugier D., Sugier P., 2007a. Evaluation of three Salix species growing in natural state as a source of pharmaceutical raw material (Salicis cortex). Herba Pol. 53(3), 319–324.
Sugier D., Sugier P., 2007b. Phenolic glycosides content in purple willow bark originated from natural habitats. Herba Pol. 53(3), 325–330.
Sugier P., Czarnecka B., 2010. Vascular plants versus mosses in lakeland and riverine mires in two regions of eastern Poland. Pol. J. Ecol. 58(4), 637–646.
Sugier D., Sugier P., Pawełek M., Gawlik-Dziki U., 2011. Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. as a source of phenolic glycosides: distribution and characteristic of habitat conditions in the mid-eastern Poland. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(3), 75–88.
Sulima P., Przyborowski J.A., Wiwat M., 2006. Willow bark – herbal raw material harvested from on arable lands. Herba Pol. 52(4), 18–25.
Szabo L.G., Botz L., 1999. Salicin content in the bark willow. Olaj Szappan Kozmet. 48, 207–209.
Tegelberg R., Veteli T., Aphalo P.J., Julkunen-Tiitto R., 2003. Clonal differences in growth and phenolics of willows exposed to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation. Basic Appl. Ecol. 4, 219–228.
Turtola S., Rousi M., Pusenius J., Yamaji K., Heiska S., Tirkkonen V., Meier B., Julkunen-Tiitto R., 2006. Genotypic variation in drought response of willows grown under ambient and enhanced UV-B radiation. Environ. Exp. Bot. 56, 80–86.
Wróbel J., 2006. Kinetyka wzrostu oraz wybrane wskaźniki fizjologiczne Salix viminalis uprawianej na refulacie piaszczystym nawożonym osadem ściekowym. AR w Szczecinie, Rozprawy nr 239, 133.
Zielonka A., Łoniewski I., Samochowiec L., Jóźwiak S., 2000. Właściwości farmakologiczne standaryzowanego wyciągu z kory wierzby (Cortex salicis). Post. Fitoter. 2, 23–30.
Danuta Sugier
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Piotr Sugier
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
Arkadiusz Banaś
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
Czesław Szewczuk
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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