Investigating the altitude impact on the eco-phytochemical parameters of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Sophora alopecuroides in the different regions of northern Iran

Mohammadreza Khatami Moghaddam

Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

Hormoz Fallah

Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

Yosoof Niknejad

Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-3402

Salman Dastan

Department of Biosafety and Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran


Abstract

Various environmental factors such as altitude significantly affect the pharmacological and chemical properties of the plant. Here, the effect of three different altitudes of 1800 m (Rineh region), 2300 m (Polur region) and 2800 m (Lar region) above sea level on growth traits, yield and compositions of essential oil of two medicinal plants (Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam and Sophora alopecuroides L.) during two successive years (2018 and 2019) was investigated. The results showed that increasing the altitude from 1800 to 2800 m above sea level increased the morphological traits such as height, side branch number, root length and root volume, however, decreased the dry and fresh weight of both Ziziphora and Sophora plants. In Sophora plant, increasing the altitude enhanced the yield of essential oil and the highest yield of essential oil was obtained in Lar region. However, in Ziziphora, elevating the altitude from 1800 to 2300 m decreased the yield of essential oil, but further increase to 2800 m significantly increased the yield of essential oil. In Ziziphora, the highest amount of sophoramine, sophoridane and sophocarpine compounds was obtained at 1800 m, while the highest rates of adenocarpine, vinylphenol and matridin was obtained at 2800 m. For Sophora, the highest amount of sophoramine and vinylphenol was obtained at 2300 m, while sophocarpine showed the highest rate at 2800 m. Therefore, altitude is one of the important parameters of natural ecosystems that effectively change the quantitative and qualitative parameters of medicinal plants.

Keywords:

altitude, medicinal plants, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Sophora alopecuroides, essential oil

Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Moldoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F., Lamiri, A. (2017). Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum Benth. growing wild in Morocco. Chem. Biodivers., 14(9), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700158

Demasi, S., Caser, M., Lonati, M., Cioni, P.L., Pistelli, L., Najar, B., Scariot, V. (2018). Latitude and altitude influence secondary metabolite production in peripheral Alpine populations of the Mediterranean species Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Front. Plant Sci., 9, 983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00983

Djouahri, A., Boudarene, L., Meklati, B.Y. (2013). Effect of extraction method on chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil from the leaves of Algerian Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) masters. Ind. Crop Prod., 44, 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.021

Ghani, A., Ebrahimpour, A., Tehranifar, A., Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M. (2010). Evaluation of growth and development adaptability and medicinal-ornamental potential of Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) cultivated in Mashhad climatic conditions. J. Plant Prod., 17(1), 77–90.

Hong, L.P., Maihe, L., Xiao, H.C. (2009). Responses of growth and ecophysiology of plants to altitude. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 18, 722–730.

Hosseini, S.S., Nadjafi, F., Asareh, M.H., Rezadoost, H. (2018). Morphological and yield related traits, essential oil and oil production of different landraces of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Iran. Sci. Hort., 233, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.01.038

Jamshidi, A.M., Aminzadeh, M., Azarnivand, H., Abedi, M. (2006). Effect of evaluation for quality and quantity of essential oil Thymus kotschyanus (Damavand – Tar). J. Med. Plants, 5(18), 17–22.

Ji, Z.H., Yu, Q., Zhou, X.Y., Upur, H. (2012). Effects of aqueous extract of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam on the growth of streptococcus mutans. J. XinJiang Med. Univ., 35, 1031–1034.

Katar, D., Kaçar, O., Kara, N., Aytaç, Z., Erdinç, G., Kara, S., Katar, N., Erbaş, S., Telci, İ., Elmastaş, M. (2017). Ecological variation of yield and aroma components of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants, 7, 131–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2017.07.005

Khalil, N., El-Jalel, L., Yousif, M., Gonaid., M. (2020). Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil. BMC Complement Med. Ther. 20(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02982-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02982-9

Kianbakht, S., Hajiaghaee, R. (2014). Effects of Sophora alopecuroides L. Zingiber officinale Rosc. and Melissa officinalis L. in formalin and straub tail tests. J. Med. Plant., 13(51), 33–40.

Liu, Y.M. (1985). Pharmacography of Uighur. Science and Technology Health Publisher, Xinjiang, 353–357.

Mahdavi, M., Jouri, M.H., Mahmoudi, J., Rezazadeh, F., Mahzooni-Kachapi, S.S. (2013). Investigating the altitude effect on the quantity and quality of the essential oil in Tanacetum polycephalum Sch.-Bip. polycephalum in the Baladeh region of Nour, Iran. Chin. J. Nat. Med., 11(5), 553–559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(13)60100-4

Maya, B. (2011). The evaluation of medicinal properties of Ziziphora clinopodioides. World Appl. Sci. J., 12(9), 1635–1638.

Mozaffarian, V. (2013). Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publishers, Teheran, Iran.

Omidbeigi, R. (2005). Production and manufacturing the herbs, vol. 1. Behnashr Publication, Mashhad, Iran, pp. 347.

Oztürk, M., Tel, G., Duru, M.E., Harmandar, M., Topçu, G. (2009). The effect of temperature on the essential oil components of Salvia potentillifolia obtained by various methods. Nat. Prod. Commun., 4(7), 1017–1020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400730

Rapposelli, E., Melito, S., Barmina, G.G., Foddai, M., Azara, E., Scarpa, G.M. (2015). Relationship between soil and essential oil profiles in Salvia desoleana populations: preliminary results. Nat. Prod. Commun., 10(9), 1615–1618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1501000932

Ricciardi, G., Torres, A.M., Bubenik, A.L., Ricciardi, A., Lorenzo, D., Dellacassa, E. (2011). Environmental effect on essential oil composition of Aloysia citriodora from Corrientes (Argentina). Nat. Prod. Commun., 6(11), 1711–1714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100601135

Sardrodi, A.F., Kheyri, A., Soleymani, A., Zibaseresht, R. (2015). Evaluation of morphological traits and oil contents of Achillea aucheri from different altitudes. J. Med. Plants By-prod., 2(4), 219–223.

Senejoux, F., Girard, C., Kerram, P., Aisa, H.A., Berthelot, A., Bévalot, F., Demougeot, C. (2010). Mechanisms of vasorelaxation induced by Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (Lamiaceae) extract in rat thoracic aorta. J. Ethnopharmacol., 132(1), 268–273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.028

Wu, Y.-J., Chen, J.-J., Cheng, Y.-Y. (2005). Determination of sophocarpine, matrine, and sophoridine in KUHUANG injection by GC-MS. J. Anal. Chem., 60(10), 967–973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10809-005-0218-3

Zuk-Golaszewska, K., Upadhyaya, M.K., Golaszewski, J. (2003). The effect of UV-B radiation on plant growth and development. Plant Soil Environ., 49(3), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.17221/4103-PSE DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/4103-PSE

Download

Published
2022-02-28



Mohammadreza Khatami Moghaddam 
Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
Hormoz Fallah 
Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
Yosoof Niknejad 
Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3178-3402
Salman Dastan 
Department of Biosafety and Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran



License

 

Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.

 


Most read articles by the same author(s)