FUNGI ASSEMBLAGES OF THE PHYLLOSPHERE OF EASTERN PURPLE CONEFLOWER (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) FERTILIZED WITH AMMONIUM SULPHATE
Ewa Moszczyńska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesKrzysztof Matkowski
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesElżbieta Pląskowska
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAnita Biesiada
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract
The mycobiota composition of plant phyllosphere depends on atmospheric factors as well as on the physiological properties of plant. In the recent years the infections of the eastern purple coneflower by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae and by Erysiphe cichoracearum have been observed. The development of these pathogens is dependent on the species composition of the phyllosphere organisms, but it is also affected by the form and the level of nitrogen nutrition. The undertaken study aimed at the analysis of the mycobiota composition of the coneflower phyllosphere as dependent on the rate of ammonium sulphate used in the plant fertilization. The experiment was set up in 2007–2009 at Psary near Wrocław. Two fertilizer rates were applied: 50 kg N·ha-1 and 200 kg N·ha-1. The fungal taxa most abundantly isolated from the leaf surface of coneflower are: Cladosporium spp., Alternaria alternata, yeast-like colonies, Fusarium spp. and Epicoccum nigrum. These fungi make up > 90% of the isolated colonies., with C. herbarum and A. alternata as the dominant components of the assemblages. The dominant species within Fusarium spp. is F. equiseti. The species composition of the assemblages of fungi in the coneflower phyllosphere is variable and dependent on the course of the weather. The fertilization rate of ammonium sulphate does not affect the species composition of the phyllosphere fungi assemblages of the coneflower.
Keywords:
Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., nitrogen doseReferences
Assimakopoulolu A., 2006. Effect of iron supply and nitrogen form on growth, nutritional status and ferric reducing activity in nutrient solutions culture. Sci. Hort., 110 (1), 21–29.
Bansal B.K., Navneet, Mehrotra R.S., 1988. Studies on aero – mycoflora and phyllosphere mycoflora of wheat. Indian J. Mycol. Plant Pathol., 18 (1), 19–24.
Berbeć S., Król B., Wolski T., 1998. The effect of soil and fertilization on the biomass and phenoloc AIDS content in coneflover (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.). Herb. Pol., 4, 397–401.
Biesiada A., Kucharska A., Sokół-Łętowska A., 2006. Wpływ formy i dawki azotu na plonowanie oraz skład chemiczny jeżówki purpurowej (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) w pierwszym i drugim roku po posadzeniu. Acta Agrophysica, 7 (4), 829–838.
Chang, K.F., Howard R.J., Gaudiel R.G., Hwang S.F., 1997a. First report of Botrytis blight, caused by Botrytis cinerea, on coneflowers. Plant Dis., 81, 1461.
Chang, K.F., Howard R.J., Hwang S.F., 1997b. First report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on coneflower. Plant Dis., 81, 1093.
Chang, K.F., Howard R.J., Hwang S.F., Gaudiel R.G., Blade S.F., 1998. Diseases of Echinacea in Alberta in 1997. Can. Pl. Dis. Surv., 78, 92–94.
Chmiel M., Paśmionka I., 1998. Występowanie grzybów toksynotwórczych w fyllosferze roślin uprawnych w okolicach Krakowa. Zesz. Nauk. AR we Wrocławiu, Konferencje 17, 332, 67–77.
Chruściak E., 1974. Mikoflora fyllosfery. Acta Myc., 10 (1), 173–180.
Cwalina-Ambroziak B., Czajka W., Bogucka B., Trojak A., 2007. Dolistne nawożenie ziemniaka a zbiorowiska grzybów chorobotwórczych zasiedlających nadziemne części roślin. Prog. Plant Prot./ Post. Ochr. Rośl., 47 (2), 73–77.
Cwalina-Ambroziak B., Kowalska E., Gronowicz Z., 2001. Zbiorowiska grzybów fyllosfery ziemniaka w zależności od wybranych warunków agrotechnicznych. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 478, 129–134.
Ellis M.B., 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycol. Inst. Kew, Surrey.
Galletti S., Burzi P. L., Cerato C., Stevanato P., Biancardi E., 2002. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of Cercospora beticola in sugar beet. IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 25, 275–378.
Górecki P., 1996. Jeżówka – cenny surowiec i lek. Wiad. Zielar., 38 (5), 1–3.
Guba E.F., 1961. Monograph of Monochaeta and Pestalotia. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Kita W., 1988. Mikoflora fyllosfery jako czynnik ochrony słonecznika oleistego przed chorobami powodowanymi przez grzyby, w zależności od warunków ekologicznych. Acta Mycol., 22 (2), 205–221.
Kordana S., Kucharski W. A., Nowak D., Załęcki R., 1998. Badania uprawowe jeżówki purpurowej (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench). Herba Polonica, 2, 108–113.
Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Gabler J., Zalewska E., 2003. Patogeny zagrażające uprawie roślin zielarskich. Folia Hort., 565–567.
Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E., 2007. Bioróżnorodność grzybów występujących na nadziemnych organach kopru ogrodowego (Anethum graveolens L.). Prog. Plant Prot./ Post. Ochr. Rośl., 47 (2), 182–185.
Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E., Zimowska B., 2002a. Fungi colonizing various organs of lemon blam (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in South-East Poland. Plant Protect. Sci., 38, 353–356.
Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., Zalewska E., Zimowska B., 2002b. Grzyby zasiedlające różne organy tymianku właściwego (Thymus vulgaris L.) uprawianego na Lubelszczyźnie. Acta Agrobot., 55 (1) 185–195.
Mazur S., Szczeponek A., 2005. Choroby grzybowe występujące na arcycięglu litworze (Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.) na terenie Małopolski. Acta Agrobot., 58 (2), 137–150.
Nelson P.E., Toussoun T.A., Marasas W.F.O., 1983. Fusarium species. An illustrated manual for identyfication. The Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, Univ. Park and London.
Patkowska E., 2003. The effect of phyllosphere microorganisms on the healthiness of aboverground parts of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 2 (1), 65–71.
Peichowski, K., Rizvi, S., and Reese, R.N., 1997. First report of Fusarium oxysporum on purple coneflower. Plant Dis., 81 (2), 227.
Pląskowska E, Pusz W., 2010. Wpływ nawożenia organicznego i mineralnego na zdrowotność liści pszenicy jarej. Prog. Plant Prot./ Post. Ochr. Rośl., 50 (2), 955–958.
Putnam M. L., Crowe F., 1999. Verticillium dahliae, a cause of wilt in Echinacea purpurea. Plant Dis. 83 (9), 877.
Raper K.B., Fennell D.I., 1965. The genus Aspergillus. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore.
Raper K.B., Thom Ch., Fennell D.I., 1968. A manual of the Penicillia. Hafner Publishing Company, New York and London.
Rifai M.A., 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Mycol. Pap. 116, 1–56.
Rivero R.M., Sanchez E., Ruiz J.M., Romero L., 2003. Iron metabolism in tomato and watermelon plants: influence of nitrogen source. J. Plant Nutr., 26, 2413–2424.
Sholberg P. L., Ginns J. H., Li T. S.C., 1999. First report of powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum, on coneflowers. Plant Dis., 83 (7), 694.
Sutton B. C., 1980. The Coelomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Inst., Kew, Surrey.
Wagner A., 2000. Fungi isolated from leaves of different Iris spp. Rocz. AR Pozn. 321, Ogrodn., 30, 165–169.
Zimowska B., Machowicz-Stefaniak Z., 2004. Grzyby zagrażające uprawie dziurawca zwyczajnego (Hypericum perforatum L.) uprawianego w woj. lubelskim. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 3 (1), 61–74.
Zycha H., Siepmann R., 1969. Mucorales. Von J. Cramer. Műnden.
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
