A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECTS OF REFLECTIVE MULCH AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SOME OTHER PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS TO IMPROVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PROFILE AND ANTHOCYANIN ACCUMULATION OF CV. SYRAH WINE GRAPE (V. vinifera L.)
Demir Kok
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 59030, Tekirdağ, TurkeyErdinç Bal
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 59030, Tekirdağ, TurkeyAbstract
In today’s modern viticulture, reflective mulches and summer pruning practices are remarkable tools that
may facilitate grape growers to increase yield and improve the grape quality. This study aimed to assess how
reflective mulch application (RM) affects components of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin of cv. Syrah
the compared to other preharvest applications such as basal leaf removal application (BLR), foliar proline
application (PRO) and their various combinations, including applications of basal leaf removal + proline
(BLR+PRO), basal leaf removal + reflective mulch (BLR+RM), proline + reflective mulch (PRO+RM) and
basal leaf removal + proline + reflective mulch (BLR+PRO+RM). The study findings demonstrated that reflective
mulch application (RM) may considerably enhance light distribution in the canopy of grapevine by
increasing reflected light from the ground. In the current study, it was observed that combined applications
had significant roles on improving yield and quality characteristics. In terms of total phenolic compounds
content, the highest values were obtained from applications of BLR+RM and PRO+RM. Moreover, all applications
had a rise to crucial increases in total anthocyanin content of cv. Syrah wine grape when the compared
with C application.
Keywords:
wine grape, reflective mulch application, basal leaf removal application, foliar proline application, phenolic compounds, anthocyaninsReferences
Boulton, B., Vernon, L.S., Linda, F.B., Ralph, E.K. (1996). Principles and Practices of Winemaking. University of California, California, 603 pp.
Christensen, L.P. (2000). Grape Berry Growth and Development. In: Raisin Production Manual, Dokoozlian, N.K. (ed.). University of California, Publication No. 3393.
Di Stefano, R., Cravero, M.C. (1991). Metodi per lo studio deipolifenolidell’uva. Riv. Vitic. Enol., 2, 37–45.
Fenoll, J., Manso, A., Hellin, P., Ruiz, L., Flores, P. (2009). Changes in aromatic composition of the Vitis vinifera grape Muscat Hamburg during ripening. Food Chem., 114, 420–428. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.060
Garde-Cerdan, T., Lopez, R., Portu, J., Gonzalez-Arenzana, L., Lopez-Alfaro, I., Santamaria, P. (2014). Study of the effects of proline, phenylalanine and urea foliar application to Tempranillo vineyards on grape amino acid content. Comparison with commercial nitrogen fertilizers. Food Chem., 163, 136–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.101
Gomez-Plaza, E., Bautista-Ortin, A.B., Ruiz-Garcia, Y., Fernandez-Fernandez, J.I., Gil-Munoz, R. (2017). Effect of elicitors on the evolution of grape phenolic compounds during the ripening period. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 97(3), 977–983. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7823
Gougoulias, N., Masheva, L. (2010). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on polyphenols content and antioxidative activity of some table grape varieties. Oxi. Commun., 33 (3), 652–660.
He, J., Giusti, M.M. (2010). Anthocyanins: Natural colorants with health-promoting properties. Ann. Rev. Food Sci. Technol., 1, 163–187. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100754
Hoffmann, M. (1991). Elektrochemische Merkmale zur Differenzierung von Lebensmitteln. In: Lebensmittelqualitat–Ganzheitliche Methoden und Konzepte, Meier-Ploeger, A., Vogtmann, H. (eds.). Alternative Konzepte, vol 66., Deukalion, Verlag CF Müller, Karlsruhe, Germany, pp 67–86.
Hostetler, G.L., Mervin, I.A., Brown, M.G., Zakour, P. (2007). Influence of geotextile mulches on canopy microclimate, yield and fruit composition of Cabernet Franc. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 58(4), 431–442.
Jiang, N., Jin, L.F., Teixeira da Silva, J.A., Zahidul Islam, M.D., Gao, H.W., Liu, Y.Z., Peng, S.A. (2014). Activities of enzymes directly related with sucrose and citric acid metabolism in citrus fruit in response to soil plastic film mulch. Sci. Hortic., 168, 73–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.01.021.
Jifon, J.L., Syvertsen, J.P. (2001). Effects of moderate shade on citrus leaf gas exchange, fruit yield and quality. Proc. Florida State Hortic. Soc., 114, 177–181.
Kok, D. (2011). Influences of pre- and post-veraison cluster thinning treatments on grape composition variables and monoterpene levels of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Sauvignon Blanc. J. Food Agric. Environ., 9(1), 22–26.
Kok, D. (2016). Variation in total phenolic compounds, anthocyanin and monoterpene content of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ table grape variety (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by cluster thinning and early and late period basal leaf removal treatments. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 58, 241–246. DOI.ORG/10.1007/s10341-016-0283-9
Kok, D., Bal, E. (2016). Seedless berry growth and bioactive compounds of cv. ‘Recel Uzümü’ (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by application doses and times of pre-harvest thidiazuron. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 58, 253–258. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-016-0286-6
Kok, D. (2017). Assessment of electrochemical attribute and monoterpene content of twelve aromatic grape cultivars (V. vinifera L.) grown under the ecological conditions of Northwestern Turkey. Oxid. Commun., 40 (I-II), 557–564.
Kok, D., Bal, E. (2017a). Compositional differences in phenolic compounds and anthocyanin contents of some table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties from Turkey. Oxid. Commun., 40(2), 648–656.
Kok, D., Bal, E. (2017b). Electrochemical properties and biochemical composition of cv. Shiraz wine grape
(V. vinifera L.) depending on various dose and application time of foliar microbial fertilizer treatments. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 59, 263–268. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-017-0319-9
Kok, D. (2018). Grape growth, anthocyanin and phenolic compounds content of early ripening cv. Cardinal table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by various doses of foliar biostimulant applications with gibberellic acid. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60, 253–259. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-018-0366-x
Kok, D., Bal, E. (2018a). Enhancing skin color and phenolic compounds of cv. Red Globe table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) utilizing of different preharvest treatments. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60, 75–81. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-017-0352-8
Kok, D., Bal, E. (2018b). Leaf removal treatments combined with kaolin particle film technique from different directions of grapevine’s canopy affect the composition of phytochemicals of cv. Muscat Hamburg (Vitis vinifera L.). Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60, 39–45. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-017-0337-7.
Koundouras, S., Marinos, V., Gkoulioti, A., Kotseridis, Y., Van Leeuwen, C. (2006). Influence of vineyard location and vine status on fruit maturation of non-irrigated cv. Agiorgitikok (Vitis vinifera L.). Effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 5077–5086. DOI: 10.1021/j0605446
Lutz, M., Jorquera, K., Cancino, B., Ruby, R., Henriquez, C. (2011). Phenolics and antioxidant capacity of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars grown in Chile. J. Food Sci., 76, 1088–1093. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841-2011.02298.x
Martinez-Gil, A.M., Garde-Cerdan, T., Zalacain, A., Pardo-Garcia, A.I., Salinas, M.R. (2012). Applications of an oak extract on Petit Verdot grapevines. Influence on grape and wine volatile compounds. Food Chem., 132 (4), 1836–1845. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.016
Mosetti, D., Herrera, J.C., Sabbatini, P., Green, A., Alberti, G., Peterlunger, E., Lisjak, K. (2016). Impact of leaf removal after berry set on fruit composition and bunch rot in ‘Sauvignon Blanc’. Vitis, 55, 57–64. DOI: 10.5073/vitis.2016.55.57-64
Pardo-Garcia, A.I., Martinez-Gil, A.M., Cadahia, E., Pardo, F., Alonso, G.L., Salinas, M.R. (2014). Oak extract application to grapevines as a plant biostimulant to increase wine polyphenols. Food Res. Inter., 55, 150–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.004
Reynolds, A.G., Molek, T., De Savigny, C. (2005). Timing of shoot thinning in Vitis vinifera: Impacts on yield and fruit composition variables. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 56(4), 343–356.
Romero, G.S., Munoz, G.S. (1993). Determination of organic acids in grape musts, wine and vinegars by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A., 16(1), 111–117. DOI.ORG/10.1016/0021-9673(93)87018-H
Singleton, V.L., Timberlake, C.F., Kea, L. (1978). The phenolic cinnamates of white grapes and wine. J. Sci. Food Agric., 29, 403–410. DOI.ORG/10.1002/jsfa.2740290416
Smart, R., Robinson, M. (1991). Sunlight into Wine. A Handbook for Wine Grape Canopy Management. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand, 88 p.
Villegas, D., Handford, M., Antonio Alcalde, J., Perez-Donoso, A. (2016). Exogenous application of pectin-derived oligosaccharides to grape berries modifies anthocyanin accumulation, composition and gene expression. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 104(7), 125–133. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.020
Wolf, G., Rey, C. (1997). Wei Qualitat Electrochemisch Zu Messen Ist. In: Vom lebendigen in Lebensmitteln, Hoffmann, M. (ed.). Deukalion-Verlag, Holm, pp 50–60.
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
