Zoopsammon jako potencjalna baza pokarmowa ryb zasiedlających strefę płytkiego litoralu (eksperyment ex situ)
DOROTA NAWROT
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 LublinTOMASZ MIECZAN
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 LublinAbstrakt
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different species of fish on the qualitative and quantitative structure of microorganisms (ciliates and rotifers) based on an experiment conducted in ex situ conditions. The effect of certain physical and chemical water parameters on the structure of the analysed groups of microorganisms was also analysed. The experiment was conducted in five experimental variants: the control variant (I) and variants involving juvenile perch (II), roach (III), bream (IV) and mixed species (V) (included specimens of roach, perch and bream). Both the qualitative and quantitative structure of microorganisms proved to be substantially impoverished in the experiment dominated by bream. The lowest pressure of fish on microbial communities was observed in the experimental variant dominated by perch.
Słowa kluczowe:
ryby, zoopsammon, baza pokarmowaBibliografia
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DeMelo R., France R., McQueen D.J., 1992. Biomanipulation: hit or myth? Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 192– 207.
Ejsmont-Karabin J., 1998. Empirical equations for biomass calculation of planktonic rotifers. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 45, 513–522.
Figueiredo G.M., Nash R.D.M., Montagnes D.J.S., 2005. The role of the generally unrecognized micro-prey source as food for larval fish in the Irish Sea. Mar. Biol. 148, 394–404.
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Foissner W., Berger H., 1996. A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologist as bioindicators in rivers, lakes and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biol. 35, 375–470.
Fukami, K., Watanebe A., Fuijta S., Yamaoka K., Nishijima T., 1999. Predation on naked protozoan microzooplankton by fish larvae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 185, 285–291.
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Hunt von Herbing, I., Gallager S. M., 2000. Foraging behaviour in early Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) feeding on protozoan (Balanion sp.) and a copepod nauplius (Pseudodiaptomus sp.). Mar. Biol. 136, 591–602.
Jeppesen E., Jensen J.P., Jensen C., Faafeng B., Hessen D.O., Søndergaard M., 2003. The impact of nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone of lakes: a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Arctic. Ecosyst. 6, 313–325.
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Keast A., 1985. Development of dietary specializations in summer community of juvenile fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 13, 211–224.
Kolejko M., 2010. Analysis of the structure of ichtyofauna of two mesotrophic lakes of ŁecznaWłodawa Lakeland. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kształt. Środ. Przyr. 7, 138–145.
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Ohman M.D., Theilacker G.H., Kaupp S.E., 1991. Immunochemical detection of predation on ciliate protists by larvae of the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). Biol. Bull. 181, 500–504.
Pennak R.W., 1951. Comparative ecology of the interstitial fauna of fresh-water and marine beaches. Ann. Biol. 27, 449–480.
Radwan S. (red), 2004. Wrotki (Rotifera). Fauna słodkowodna Polski. OWT Łódź.
Rechulicz J., 2006. Effectiveness of fishing in shallow lakes using different methods. Acta Sci. Pol., Piscaria 5 (2), 59–68.
Rechulicz J., Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Pęczuła W., Mieczan T., 2012. Fish community and productivity as an index of trophic state diversity in two shallow lakes. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kształt. Środ. Przyr. 9, 181–191.
Ross. S. T., 1986. Resource partitioning in fish assemblages: a review of field studies. Copeia 2, 352–388.
Sarnelle O., 1992. Nutrient enrichment and grazer effects on phytoplankton in lakes. Ecology. 73, 551–560.
Schindler D.E., Scheuerell M.D., 2002. Habitat coupling in lake ecosystems. Oikos 98, 177–189.
Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Mieczan T., 2008. Food preferences of epiphytic Chironomidae in a shallow hypertrophic lake. Aqua. Insects. 4, 285–294.
Tonn W.M. , Magnuson, J. J., 1982. Patterns in the species composition and richness of fish assemblages in Northern Wisconsin Lakes. Ecology 63, 1149–1166.
Watson W., Davis R. L., 1989. Larval fish diets in shallow coastal waters off San Onofre, California. Fish. Bull. 87, 569–591.
Weisse T., Müller H., Pinto-Coelho R.M., Schweizer A., Sprigmann D., Baldringer G., 1990. Response of the microbial loop to the phytoplankton spring bloom in a large prealpine lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35, 781–794.
Werner E. E., Hall D. J., Laughlin D. R., Wagner D. J., Wilsmann L. A., Funk E. C., 1977. Habitat partitioning in a freshwater fish community. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 34, 360–370.
Werner E.E., Gilliam J.F., Hall D.J., Mittelbach G.G., 1983. An experimental test of the effect of predation risk on habitat use in fish. Ecology 64, 1540–1548.
Wickham, S., Gieseke A., Berninger U.-G., 2000. Benthic ciliate identification and enumeration: an improved methodology and its application. Aqua. Microb. Ecol. 22, 79–91.
Zingel, P., Paaver, T., Karus, K., Agasild, H., Noges, T., 2012. Ciliates as the crucial food source of larval fish in a shallow eutrophic lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57(4), 1049–1056.
Brooks J.L., Dodson S.I., 1965. Predation, body-size and composition of plankton. Science 150.
Carpenter S.R., Cole J.J., Kitchell J.F., Pace M.L., 2010. Trophic cascades in lakes: lessons and prospects. In: Trophic Cascades J. Terbough, J.A. Estes (eds), Island Press, Washington, DC, 59–69.
Cerri R.D., Fraser, D.F., 1983. Predation and risk in foraging minnows: balancing conflicting demands. Amer. Nat. 121, 552–561.
Crowder L.B., Cooper W.E., 1982. Habitat structural complexity and the interactions between bluegills and their prey. Ecology 63, 1802–1813.
DeMelo R., France R., McQueen D.J., 1992. Biomanipulation: hit or myth? Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 192– 207.
Ejsmont-Karabin J., 1998. Empirical equations for biomass calculation of planktonic rotifers. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 45, 513–522.
Figueiredo G.M., Nash R.D.M., Montagnes D.J.S., 2005. The role of the generally unrecognized micro-prey source as food for larval fish in the Irish Sea. Mar. Biol. 148, 394–404.
Fischer P., Eckmann R., 1997. Spatial distribution of littoral fish species in a large European lake, Lake Constance, Germany. Archv Hydrobiol. 140 (1), 91–116.
Foissner W., Berger H., 1996. A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologist as bioindicators in rivers, lakes and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biol. 35, 375–470.
Fukami, K., Watanebe A., Fuijta S., Yamaoka K., Nishijima T., 1999. Predation on naked protozoan microzooplankton by fish larvae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 185, 285–291.
Greenberg L. A., 1991. Habitat use and feeding behavior of thirteen species of benthic stream fishes. Env. Biol, Fish. 31, 389–401.
Hall J.D., Threlkeld S.T., Burns C.W., Crowley P.H., 1976. The size-efficiency hypothesis and the size structure of zooplankton communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7, 177–208.
Hermanowicz W., Dożańska W., Doilido J., Koziorowski B., 1976. Fizyczno-chemiczne metody badania wody i ścieków. Arkady, Warszawa.
Hunt von Herbing, I., Gallager S. M., 2000. Foraging behaviour in early Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) feeding on protozoan (Balanion sp.) and a copepod nauplius (Pseudodiaptomus sp.). Mar. Biol. 136, 591–602.
Jeppesen E., Jensen J.P., Jensen C., Faafeng B., Hessen D.O., Søndergaard M., 2003. The impact of nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone of lakes: a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Arctic. Ecosyst. 6, 313–325.
Jerome C.A., Montagnes D.J.S., Taylor F.J.R., 1993. The effect of the quantitative protargol stain and Lugols and Buinos fixatives on cell size: A more accurate estimate of ciliate species biomass. J Euk Microbiol, 40, 254–259.
Kakareko T., 2002. The importance of benthic fauna in diet of small common bream Abramis brama (L.), roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.) and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) in the Włocławek reservoir. Arch. Pol. Fish. 10 (2), 221–231.
Keast A., 1985. Development of dietary specializations in summer community of juvenile fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 13, 211–224.
Kolejko M., 2010. Analysis of the structure of ichtyofauna of two mesotrophic lakes of ŁecznaWłodawa Lakeland. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kształt. Środ. Przyr. 7, 138–145.
Lewin, W.-C., Okun N., Mehner T., 2004. Determinants of the distribution of juvenile fish in the littoral area of a shallow lake. Freshwater Biol. 49, 410–424.
Lobb M.D., Orth D.J., 1991. Habitat use by an assemblage of fish in a large warmwater stream. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 120, 65–78.
McQueen D.J., Post J.R., Mills E.L., 1986. Trophic relationships in freshwater pelagic ecosystems. Can. J. Fish.Aqua. Sci. 43, 1571–1581.
Nagano, N., Iwatsuki, Y., Kamiyama T., Nakata H., 2000. Effects of marine ciliates on survivability of the first-feeding larval surgeonfish, Paracanthurus hepatus: Laboratory rearing experiments. Hydrobiologia 432, 149–157.
Naiman R.J., De´camps H., 1997. The ecology of interfaces: riparian zones. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28, 621–658.
Ohman M.D., Theilacker G.H., Kaupp S.E., 1991. Immunochemical detection of predation on ciliate protists by larvae of the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). Biol. Bull. 181, 500–504.
Pennak R.W., 1951. Comparative ecology of the interstitial fauna of fresh-water and marine beaches. Ann. Biol. 27, 449–480.
Radwan S. (red), 2004. Wrotki (Rotifera). Fauna słodkowodna Polski. OWT Łódź.
Rechulicz J., 2006. Effectiveness of fishing in shallow lakes using different methods. Acta Sci. Pol., Piscaria 5 (2), 59–68.
Rechulicz J., Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Pęczuła W., Mieczan T., 2012. Fish community and productivity as an index of trophic state diversity in two shallow lakes. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kształt. Środ. Przyr. 9, 181–191.
Ross. S. T., 1986. Resource partitioning in fish assemblages: a review of field studies. Copeia 2, 352–388.
Sarnelle O., 1992. Nutrient enrichment and grazer effects on phytoplankton in lakes. Ecology. 73, 551–560.
Schindler D.E., Scheuerell M.D., 2002. Habitat coupling in lake ecosystems. Oikos 98, 177–189.
Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Mieczan T., 2008. Food preferences of epiphytic Chironomidae in a shallow hypertrophic lake. Aqua. Insects. 4, 285–294.
Tonn W.M. , Magnuson, J. J., 1982. Patterns in the species composition and richness of fish assemblages in Northern Wisconsin Lakes. Ecology 63, 1149–1166.
Watson W., Davis R. L., 1989. Larval fish diets in shallow coastal waters off San Onofre, California. Fish. Bull. 87, 569–591.
Weisse T., Müller H., Pinto-Coelho R.M., Schweizer A., Sprigmann D., Baldringer G., 1990. Response of the microbial loop to the phytoplankton spring bloom in a large prealpine lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35, 781–794.
Werner E. E., Hall D. J., Laughlin D. R., Wagner D. J., Wilsmann L. A., Funk E. C., 1977. Habitat partitioning in a freshwater fish community. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 34, 360–370.
Werner E.E., Gilliam J.F., Hall D.J., Mittelbach G.G., 1983. An experimental test of the effect of predation risk on habitat use in fish. Ecology 64, 1540–1548.
Wickham, S., Gieseke A., Berninger U.-G., 2000. Benthic ciliate identification and enumeration: an improved methodology and its application. Aqua. Microb. Ecol. 22, 79–91.
Zingel, P., Paaver, T., Karus, K., Agasild, H., Noges, T., 2012. Ciliates as the crucial food source of larval fish in a shallow eutrophic lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57(4), 1049–1056.
DOROTA NAWROT
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin
TOMASZ MIECZAN
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin
Department of Hydrobiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin
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