Meteorological coditions of Padół Zamojski and their impast on the yield losses of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) varieties repeating fruiting depending on plant density

Abstract

In this study, as part of the research on the impact of meteorological conditions on raspberry yielding, the quantitative effect of thermal and precipitation conditions in the Zamość Paddle on the yield losses of ‘Polka’ and ‘Polana’ raspberries in the years 2012–2014 was determined. The thermal conditions during the research period were determined on the basis of the average, maximum and minimum air temperature and the average air temperature from the years 1976–2014 in Zamość. Precipitation and thermal conditions during the study period were determined on the basis of monthly sums of precipitation, average air temperatures, differences between the sum of precipitation and the average sum of precipitation in the years 1966–2014 in Zamość. In order to analyze the losses in the raspberry yield caused by unfavorable weather conditions, it was necessary to conduct measurements separately for varieties and variants of the compaction of the yield analysis. The above method included the following parameters: total fruit yield, yield losses broken down by their cause (with signs of sunburn, no drought turgor, damaged by several days of rainfall associated with strong wind, affected by gray mold). The mean percentage of raspberry yield loss was significantly different in individual years. The highest average percentage of losses was recorded in 2013 (13.74%). The ‘Polka’ variety had a significantly higher percentage of losses. They decreased significantly with each reduction in compaction. The greatest losses were caused by long-lasting rainfall combined with strong winds, which resulted in grinding ripe fruit.