Abstrakt
W poznaniu modelu zachowania roślin warunkującego obfite i stabilne plonowanie ogromne znaczenie mają badania nad fizjologiczną rolą składników odżywczych. W tym celu wybrano odmianę pszenicy twardej P1251 uprawianej w kulturze hydroponicznej. Aby określić wpływ niedoboru Fe, pierwiastek ten został wyeliminowany z roztworów pożywki. Wykazano, że brak Fe wywarł znaczący wpływ na dysmutazę ponadtlenkową (SOD) oraz aktywność peroksydazy glutationowej (GPX) i katalazy (CAT). Jednocześnie peroksydaza askorbinianowa (APX) była jedynym enzymem antyoksydacyjnym, który nie wykazał znaczących różnic wobec kontroli. Stosunek SOD/(APX + GPX + CAT) jako wskaźnik oceny równowagi między enzymami produkującymi a enzymami unieczynniającymi nadtlenek wodoru (H2O2) zwiększył się, prowadząc do gromadzenia się H2O2 w komórce. Wzrost stosunku SOD/APX + GPX + CAT oraz kumulacja H2O2 wskazują na występowanie stresu oksydacyjnego w komórkach liści w warunkach usunięcia pierwiastka. Inne wskaźniki stresu oksydacyjnego – śmierć komórek oraz obecność aldehydu dimalonowego – nie wskazały na znaczące zmiany w warunkach braku Fe. Wydaje się, że powodem tego jest niewystępowanie reakcji Habera-Weissa przy braku Fe. Produkowany jest wówczas hydroksyl, bardzo niebezpieczny rodnik, co prowadzi do zwiększonego uszkodzenia biomolekuł, a następnie do apoptozy komórek.
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