Agronomy Science, przyrodniczy lublin, czasopisma up, czasopisma uniwersytet przyrodniczy lublin
The aim of the study was to analyse literature data on design solutions for biosensors used to detect phytopathogens. The general principles of the operation of biosensors and the mechanisms of the generation of an analytical signal are discussed. Particular focus was placed on biosensors containing nanomaterials, known as nanobiosensors. Nanomaterials can enhance the receptor layer of the biosensor, the transducer surface, or both of these elements. They immobilize to the transducer surface and stabilize receptor layer molecules or act as labels enhancing the analytical signal. As a result, compared to biosensors based on standard solutions, they have better operating parameters. Nanobiosensors used in phytopathology are primarily genosensors (containing mainly single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, ssDNA in the receptor layer) or immunosensors (containing antibodies capable of recognizing specific structures of phytopathogenic bacteria or the coat proteins of plant viruses). Electrochemical or optical transduction of the biological signal is usually used in both types of device. Genosensors with microgravimetric signal transduction, based on the quartz microbalance technique, are much less common. Good analytical parameters were obtained for the biosensors and nanobiosensors in laboratory conditions, which is indicative of their great practical potential.
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