The  impact  of  pre-harvest  treatment  with  gamma-aminobutyric  acid  (GABA)  and  salicylic  acid  on  vase  life  and  post-harvest  traits  of  tuberose  cut  flowers

Mehrdad Babarabie; Hossein Zarei; Ali Eskandari

doi:10.24326/asphc.2019.4.8

Vol. 18 No. 4 (2019)

Articles

The impact of pre-harvest treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid on vase life and post-harvest traits of tuberose cut flowers

Mehrdad Babarabie⁺⁻
Hossein Zarei⁺⁻
Ali Eskandari⁺⁻

PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.4.8
Submitted: August 6, 2019
Published: 2019-08-07

Abstract

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an ornamental bulbous plant and a famous cut flower in tropical and subtropical regions. Post-harvest senescence of the cut flowers is the main factor limiting the marketability of most of these species including tuberose. From the perspective of metabolic changes, senescence happens as the result of oxidative processes induced by active oxygen species production. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and salicylic acid (SA) are compounds with some functions in the post-harvest physiology of some plants. The present study focused on the effect of GABA and SA on vase life and some post-harvest traits of cut tuberose flowers. The plants were sprayed with GABA (5, 10, or 15 mg L–1) and SA (50, 100, or 150 mg L^–1) at three stages during growth and before harvest in a greenhouse (30, 45, and 60 days after the planting of the bulbs) and were observed after harvest until senescence. Results showed that GABA and SA positively affected the vase life, water uptake, fresh weight, ion leakage, total dissolved solids, chlorophyll, protein, and catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity. They postponed senescence. The highest and lowest vase lives were observed in plants treated with 10 mg L^–1 GABA (11 days) and control (distilled water) (7 days), respectively. It was found that the treatment of tuberose with GABA and SA during growth can improve its post-harvest quality. However, it is recommended to conduct further studies on them.

References

Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol., 105, 121–126.
Agarwal, S., Pandey, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biol. Plant., 48(4), 555–560.
Aghdam, M.S., Naderi, R., Askari Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Babalar, M. (2015). Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in anthurium cut flowers by -aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 110, 70–76.
Alscher, R.G., Erturk, N., Heath, L.S. (2002). Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot., 1331–1341.
Armitage, A.M., Laushman, J.M. (2003). Spatiality cut flowers. The production of annuals, perennials, bulbs, and woody plants for fresh and dried cut flowers. Timber Press, Portland−Cambridge, 392 pp.
Bailly, C., Corbineau, F., van Doorn, W.G. (2001). Free radical scavenging and senescence in Iris tepals. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 39, 649–656.
Barnes, J.D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S., Davison, A.W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environment. Exp. Bot., 32(2), 85–90.
Bowyer, M.C., Wills, R.B.H. (2003). Delaying postharvest senescence of cut flower. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Jamaica, 51p.
Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 72, 248–254.
Capdeville, De., Maffia, G.L.A., Finger, F.L., Batista, U.G. (2003). Gray mold severity and vase life of rose buds after pulsing with citric acid, salicylic acid, calcium sulfate, sucrose and silver thiosulfate. Fitopatol. Bras., 28(4), 156–197.
Chew, B.L., Seymour, G.B. (2013). The effects of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) RNAi knockout in tissue cultured transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plant Omics J., 6(1), 13–17.
Ezhilmanthi, K., Singh, V.P., Arora, A., Sairam, R.K. (2007). Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers. Plant Growth Regul., 51, 99–108.
Fan, M.H., Wang, J.X., Shi, G., Shi, L.N., Li, R.F. (2008). Salicylic acid and 6-BA effects in shelf–life improvement of Gerbera jamesonii cut flowers. Anhui Agric. Sci. Bull., 23, 46–54
Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. (2003). Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica, 41, 281–284.
Hashemabadi, D., Zarchini, M. (2010). Yield and quality management of Rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Poison) with plant growth regulators. Plant Omics. J., 3(6),167–171.
Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. (2007). Salicylic acid: A plant hormone. Springer, The Netherlands.
Hossaina, Z., Kalam, A., Mandala, A., Kumar Dattaa, S., Krishna Biswasb, A. (2005). Decline in ascorbate peroxidase activity – A prerequisite factor for tepal senescence in Gladiolus. J. Plant Physiol., 163, 186–194.
Hsu, S.Y., Kao, C.H. (2003). Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol and antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul., 39, 83–90.
In, B.C., Motomura, K., Doi, M., Mori, G. (2007). Multivariente analysis of relation between preharvest environmental factor, postharvest morphological and physiological factors and vase life of cut Asomi Red Roses. J. Jpn Soc. Hortic. Sci., 76, 66–72.
Jowkar, M.M., Salehi, H. (2006). The effect of different preservative solutions on the vase life of cut tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Goldorosht-Mahallat. J. Sci. Technol. Agric., 10, 306–309.
Kumar, N., Pal, M., Singh, A., Kumar Sairam, R., Srivastava, G.C. (2010). Exogenous proline alleviates oxidative stress and increase vase life in rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Grand Gala’). Hortic. Sci., 127, 79–85.
Lay-Yee, M., Stead, A.D., Reid, M.S. (1992). Flower senescence in day-lily (Hemerocallis). Physiol. Plant., 86, 308–314.
Lerslerwonga, L., Ketsa, S., Van Doorn, W.G. (2009). Protein degradation and peptidase activity during petal senescence in Dendrobium cv. Khao Sanan. J. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 52, 84–90.
Li, N., Parsons, D., Mattoo, A.K. (1992). Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines. Plant Mol. Biol., 18, 477–487.
Li, N., Parsons, D., Mattoo, A.K. (1992). Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines. Plant Mol. Biol., 18, 477–487.
Mirzaei Mashhoud, M., Aelaei, M., Mortazavi, S.N. (2016). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment improved postharvest indices and vase-life of ‘Red Naomi’ rose cut flowers. 3th International Conference on Quality Management in Supply Chains of Ornamentals.
Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Gollery, M., Van Breusegem, F. (2004). Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci., 9, 490–498.
Nakano, Y., Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach choloroplast. Plant Cell Physiol., 22, 867–880.
Naz, S., Aslam, F., Ilyas, S., Shahzadi, K., Tariq, A. (2012). In vitro propagation of tuberosa (Polianthes tubrosa L.). J. Med. Plants Res., 6, 4107–4112.
Oh, S.H., Soh, J.R., Cha, Y.S. (2003). Germinated brown rice extract shows a nutraceutical effect in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related symptoms. J. Med. Food, 6(2), 115–21.
Raskin, I. (1992). Role of salicylic acid in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol., 43, 439–463.
Reezi, S., Babalar, M., Kalantari, S. (2009). Silicon alleviates salt stress, decreases malondialdehyde content and affects petal color of salt stressed cut rose (Rosa xhybbrida L.) ‘Hot Lady’. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8(8), 150–158.
Reid, M. (1996). Postharvest handling recommendation for cut tuberose, perishables handing. News Lett., 88, 21–22.
Reid, M.S. (2002). Cut flowers and greens. Department of Environmental Horticulture. University of California, Davis, 36 p.
Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E., Dixon, K. (2002). Acetyl salicylic acid (Asprin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Grow. Regul., 3, 157−161.
Serek, M. (1992). Does salicylic acid affect the postharvest characteristics of Campanula catpatica. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 57, 112–114.
Shah, J. (2003). The salicylic acid loop in plant defense. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 6, 365–371.
Singh, A., Kumar, J., Kumar, P. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators and sucrose on postharvest physiology, membrane stability and vase life of cut spikes of Gladiolus. Plant Growth Regul., 55, 221–229.
Singh, A.K. (2006). Flower crops cultivation and management. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 463 pp.
Singh, B., Usha, K. (2003). Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regul., 39, 137–141.
Singh, S.C., Sinha, R.P, Hader, D.P. (2002). Role of lipids and fatty acids in stress tolerance in Cyanobacteria. Acta Protozool., 41, 297–308.
Sirikesorn, L., Imsabai, W., Ketsa, S., van Doorn, W.G. (2015). Ethylene-induced water soaking in Dendrobium floral buds, accompanied by increased lipoxygenase and phospholipase D (PLD) activity and expression of a PLD gene. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 108, 48–53.
Soleimani Aghdam, M., Naderi, R., Jannatizadeh, A., Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh, Babala, M. (2016). Enhancement of postharvest chilling tolerance of anthurium cut flowers by aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Sci. Hortic., 198, 52–60.
Sood, S., Vyas, D., Nagar, P.K. (2006). Physiological and biochemical studies during flower development in two rose species. Sci. Hortic., 108, 390–396.
Uzunova, A.N., Popova, L.P. (2000). Effect of salicylic acid on leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of barley plants. Photosynthetica, 38, 243–250.
Vahdati Mashhadian, N., Tehranifar, A., Bayat, H., Selahvarzi, Y. (2012). Salicylic and citric acid treatments improve the vase life of cut chrysanthemum flowers. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 14, 879–887.
Van Doorn, W.G. (2001). Role of soluble carbohydrates in flower senescence. Acta Hortic., 543, 179–183.
Van Doorn, W.G. (2012). Water relations of cut flowers: An update. Hortic. Rev., 40, 55–106.
Van Doorn, W.G., Woltering, E.J. (2008). Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence. J. Exp. Bot., 59(3), 453–480.
Vijayakumari, K., Puthur, J.T. (2016). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming enhances the osmotic stress tolerance in Piper nigrum Linn. plants subjected to peg-induced stress. Plant Growth Regul., 78, 57–67.
Wang, H., Feng, T., Yan, M. (2009). Upregulation of chloroplastic antioxidant capacity is involved in alleviation of nickel toxicity of Zea mays by exogenous salicylic acid. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 75, 1354–62.
Wang, Y., Luo, Z., Huang, X., Yang, K., Gao, S., Du, R. (2014). Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on chilling injury and antioxidant capacity in banana peel. Sci. Hortic., 168, 132–137.
Yang, A., Cao, S., Yang, Z., Cai, Y., Zheng, Y. (2011). Aminobutyric acid treatment reduces chilling injury and activates the defence response of peach fruit. Food Chem., 129, 1619–1622.
Zhang, Y., Guo, W., Chen, S., Han, L., Li, Z. (2007). The role of N-lauroylethanolamine in the regulation of senescence of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus). J. Plant Phys., 164, 993–1001.

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Keywords

ornamental bulbous plants
enzymatic activity
GABA
post-harvest
SA
tuberose

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[1] Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol., 105, 121–126.

[2] Agarwal, S., Pandey, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biol. Plant., 48(4), 555–560.

[3] Aghdam, M.S., Naderi, R., Askari Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Babalar, M. (2015). Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in anthurium cut flowers by -aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 110, 70–76.

[4] Alscher, R.G., Erturk, N., Heath, L.S. (2002). Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. J. Exp. Bot., 1331–1341.

[5] Armitage, A.M., Laushman, J.M. (2003). Spatiality cut flowers. The production of annuals, perennials, bulbs, and woody plants for fresh and dried cut flowers. Timber Press, Portland−Cambridge, 392 pp.

[6] Bailly, C., Corbineau, F., van Doorn, W.G. (2001). Free radical scavenging and senescence in Iris tepals. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 39, 649–656.

[7] Barnes, J.D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S., Davison, A.W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environment. Exp. Bot., 32(2), 85–90.

[8] Bowyer, M.C., Wills, R.B.H. (2003). Delaying postharvest senescence of cut flower. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Jamaica, 51p.

[9] Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann. Rev. Biochem., 72, 248–254.

[10] Capdeville, De., Maffia, G.L.A., Finger, F.L., Batista, U.G. (2003). Gray mold severity and vase life of rose buds after pulsing with citric acid, salicylic acid, calcium sulfate, sucrose and silver thiosulfate. Fitopatol. Bras., 28(4), 156–197.

[11] Chew, B.L., Seymour, G.B. (2013). The effects of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) RNAi knockout in tissue cultured transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plant Omics J., 6(1), 13–17.

[12] Ezhilmanthi, K., Singh, V.P., Arora, A., Sairam, R.K. (2007). Effect of 5-sulfosalicylic acid on antioxidant activity in relation to vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers. Plant Growth Regul., 51, 99–108.

[13] Fan, M.H., Wang, J.X., Shi, G., Shi, L.N., Li, R.F. (2008). Salicylic acid and 6-BA effects in shelf–life improvement of Gerbera jamesonii cut flowers. Anhui Agric. Sci. Bull., 23, 46–54

[14] Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. (2003). Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica, 41, 281–284.

[15] Hashemabadi, D., Zarchini, M. (2010). Yield and quality management of Rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Poison) with plant growth regulators. Plant Omics. J., 3(6),167–171.

[16] Hayat, S., Ahmad, A. (2007). Salicylic acid: A plant hormone. Springer, The Netherlands.

[17] Hossaina, Z., Kalam, A., Mandala, A., Kumar Dattaa, S., Krishna Biswasb, A. (2005). Decline in ascorbate peroxidase activity – A prerequisite factor for tepal senescence in Gladiolus. J. Plant Physiol., 163, 186–194.

[18] Hsu, S.Y., Kao, C.H. (2003). Differential effect of sorbitol and polyethylene glycol and antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves. Plant Growth Regul., 39, 83–90.

[19] In, B.C., Motomura, K., Doi, M., Mori, G. (2007). Multivariente analysis of relation between preharvest environmental factor, postharvest morphological and physiological factors and vase life of cut Asomi Red Roses. J. Jpn Soc. Hortic. Sci., 76, 66–72.

[20] Jowkar, M.M., Salehi, H. (2006). The effect of different preservative solutions on the vase life of cut tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Goldorosht-Mahallat. J. Sci. Technol. Agric., 10, 306–309.

[21] Kumar, N., Pal, M., Singh, A., Kumar Sairam, R., Srivastava, G.C. (2010). Exogenous proline alleviates oxidative stress and increase vase life in rose (Rosa hybrida L. ‘Grand Gala’). Hortic. Sci., 127, 79–85.

[22] Lay-Yee, M., Stead, A.D., Reid, M.S. (1992). Flower senescence in day-lily (Hemerocallis). Physiol. Plant., 86, 308–314.

[23] Lerslerwonga, L., Ketsa, S., Van Doorn, W.G. (2009). Protein degradation and peptidase activity during petal senescence in Dendrobium cv. Khao Sanan. J. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 52, 84–90.

[24] Li, N., Parsons, D., Mattoo, A.K. (1992). Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines. Plant Mol. Biol., 18, 477–487.

[25] Li, N., Parsons, D., Mattoo, A.K. (1992). Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines. Plant Mol. Biol., 18, 477–487.

[26] Mirzaei Mashhoud, M., Aelaei, M., Mortazavi, S.N. (2016). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment improved postharvest indices and vase-life of ‘Red Naomi’ rose cut flowers. 3th International Conference on Quality Management in Supply Chains of Ornamentals.

[27] Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Gollery, M., Van Breusegem, F. (2004). Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci., 9, 490–498.

[28] Nakano, Y., Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach choloroplast. Plant Cell Physiol., 22, 867–880.

[29] Naz, S., Aslam, F., Ilyas, S., Shahzadi, K., Tariq, A. (2012). In vitro propagation of tuberosa (Polianthes tubrosa L.). J. Med. Plants Res., 6, 4107–4112.

[30] Oh, S.H., Soh, J.R., Cha, Y.S. (2003). Germinated brown rice extract shows a nutraceutical effect in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related symptoms. J. Med. Food, 6(2), 115–21.

[31] Raskin, I. (1992). Role of salicylic acid in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol., 43, 439–463.

[32] Reezi, S., Babalar, M., Kalantari, S. (2009). Silicon alleviates salt stress, decreases malondialdehyde content and affects petal color of salt stressed cut rose (Rosa xhybbrida L.) ‘Hot Lady’. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8(8), 150–158.

[33] Reid, M. (1996). Postharvest handling recommendation for cut tuberose, perishables handing. News Lett., 88, 21–22.

[34] Reid, M.S. (2002). Cut flowers and greens. Department of Environmental Horticulture. University of California, Davis, 36 p.

[35] Senaratna, T., Touchell, D., Bunn, E., Dixon, K. (2002). Acetyl salicylic acid (Asprin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Grow. Regul., 3, 157−161.

[36] Serek, M. (1992). Does salicylic acid affect the postharvest characteristics of Campanula catpatica. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 57, 112–114.

[37] Shah, J. (2003). The salicylic acid loop in plant defense. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 6, 365–371.

[38] Singh, A., Kumar, J., Kumar, P. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators and sucrose on postharvest physiology, membrane stability and vase life of cut spikes of Gladiolus. Plant Growth Regul., 55, 221–229.

[39] Singh, A.K. (2006). Flower crops cultivation and management. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, 463 pp.

[40] Singh, B., Usha, K. (2003). Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regul., 39, 137–141.

[41] Singh, S.C., Sinha, R.P, Hader, D.P. (2002). Role of lipids and fatty acids in stress tolerance in Cyanobacteria. Acta Protozool., 41, 297–308.

[42] Sirikesorn, L., Imsabai, W., Ketsa, S., van Doorn, W.G. (2015). Ethylene-induced water soaking in Dendrobium floral buds, accompanied by increased lipoxygenase and phospholipase D (PLD) activity and expression of a PLD gene. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 108, 48–53.

[43] Soleimani Aghdam, M., Naderi, R., Jannatizadeh, A., Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh, Babala, M. (2016). Enhancement of postharvest chilling tolerance of anthurium cut flowers by aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Sci. Hortic., 198, 52–60.

[44] Sood, S., Vyas, D., Nagar, P.K. (2006). Physiological and biochemical studies during flower development in two rose species. Sci. Hortic., 108, 390–396.

[45] Uzunova, A.N., Popova, L.P. (2000). Effect of salicylic acid on leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of barley plants. Photosynthetica, 38, 243–250.

[46] Vahdati Mashhadian, N., Tehranifar, A., Bayat, H., Selahvarzi, Y. (2012). Salicylic and citric acid treatments improve the vase life of cut chrysanthemum flowers. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 14, 879–887.

[47] Van Doorn, W.G. (2001). Role of soluble carbohydrates in flower senescence. Acta Hortic., 543, 179–183.

[48] Van Doorn, W.G. (2012). Water relations of cut flowers: An update. Hortic. Rev., 40, 55–106.

[49] Van Doorn, W.G., Woltering, E.J. (2008). Physiology and molecular biology of petal senescence. J. Exp. Bot., 59(3), 453–480.

[50] Vijayakumari, K., Puthur, J.T. (2016). γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) priming enhances the osmotic stress tolerance in Piper nigrum Linn. plants subjected to peg-induced stress. Plant Growth Regul., 78, 57–67.

[51] Wang, H., Feng, T., Yan, M. (2009). Upregulation of chloroplastic antioxidant capacity is involved in alleviation of nickel toxicity of Zea mays by exogenous salicylic acid. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 75, 1354–62.

[52] Wang, Y., Luo, Z., Huang, X., Yang, K., Gao, S., Du, R. (2014). Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on chilling injury and antioxidant capacity in banana peel. Sci. Hortic., 168, 132–137.

[53] Yang, A., Cao, S., Yang, Z., Cai, Y., Zheng, Y. (2011). Aminobutyric acid treatment reduces chilling injury and activates the defence response of peach fruit. Food Chem., 129, 1619–1622.

[54] Zhang, Y., Guo, W., Chen, S., Han, L., Li, Z. (2007). The role of N-lauroylethanolamine in the regulation of senescence of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus). J. Plant Phys., 164, 993–1001.