Abstract
In terms of turnover value on the global wholesale flower markets, freesia has been for many years in the top ten of cut flowers. Achieving high quality inflorescences in a cultivation center without cooling the sub-strate is a huge challenge for the producers. The study was conducted in the years 2010–2012, during the summer-autumn season in an unheated foil tunnel. The material consisted of prepared daughter corms of ‘Summer Beach’ variety. Chitosan of 8 000 g∙dm-3 molecular weight was used in the research. Chitosan ap-plication methods (watering or spraying), its concentration (0.0; 0.2 or 0.4%), and application frequency (every 7 or 14 days) were compared experimentally. During the experiment, the number of days from the beginning of sprouting until the end of flowering was determined, and the vegetative and generative organs were evaluated. The yield of daughter corms was assessed after the end of the cultivation. High tempera-tures prevalent in the time of generative organ formation prolonged the flowering period of ‘Summer Beach’ freesia but the inflorescences were typical and characteristic of the variety. The effect of chitosan depended also on the temperature during the cultivation. Irrespective of chitosan application method, its concentration and frequency of treatment, its presence delayed freesia heading at higher temperatures and accelerated the process at lower temperatures. Chitosan caused an increase in freesia height, number of generated shoots and leaves and leaf greenness index. It positively affected the quality of the resulting in-florescences. However, this effect was concentration and application dependent. Moreover, chitosan in-creased the ratio of daughter corm formation and total ratio of corm number and mass, and reduced the ratio of daughter corm mass gain.
References
Algam, S.A.E., Xie, G., Li, B., Yu, S., Su, T., Larsen, J. (2010). Effects of paenibacillus strains on plant growth promotion and control Ralstonia wilt in tomato. J. Plant Pathol., 92(3), 593–600.
El-Tanahy, A.M.M., Mahmoud, A.R., Abde-Mouty, M.M., Ali, A.H. (2012). Effect of Chitosan doses and nitrogen sources on the growth, yield and seed quality of cow-pea. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 6(4), 115–121.
Falcon, A.B., Cabrera, J.C., Costales, D., Ramirez, M.A., Cabrera, G., Toledo, V., Martinez, Tellez, M.A. (2008). The effect of size and acetylation degree of chitosan derivatives on tobacco plant protection against Phy-tophtora parasitica nicotianae. World J. Microb. Biot., 24(1), 103–112.
Hasegawa, A., Kanechika, R. (2005). Effect of low temperature and chitosan on dormancy breaking and growth of young corms of three Arisaema species. Acta Hortic., 673, 603–609.
Limpanavech, P., Chaiyasuta, S., Vongpromek, R., Pich-yangkura, R., Khunwasi, C., Chadchawan, S., Latrakul, P., Bunjongrat, R., Chaidee, A., Bangyeekhun, T. (2008). Chitosan effects on floral production, gene ex-pression, and anatomical changes in the Dendrobium orchid. Sci. Hort., 116(1), 65–72.
Lipa, J.J., Pruszyński, S. (2010). Stan wykorzystania metod biologicznych w ochronie roślin w Polsce i na świecie. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 50(3), 1033–1042.
Mondal, M.M.A., Malek, M.A., Puteh, A.B., Ismail, M.R., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Naher, L. (2012). Effect of foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield in okra. Aust. J. Crop Sci., 6(5), 918–921.
Motozu, T., Komagata, T., Ichimura, T., Asano, A. (2000). Observation on the development of forced freesia flow-er buds exposed to high temperature just after chiling and morphological classification of heat injury at flow-ering. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 69(1), 109–114.
Nge, K.L., Nwe, N., Chandrkrachang, S., Stevens, W.F. (2006). Chitosan as growth stimulator in orchid tissue culture. Plant Sci., 170(6), 1185–1190.
Obsuwan, K., Sawangsri, K., Uthairatanakij, A. (2010). Influence of foliar chitosan sprays on growth of mokara and phalaenopsis seedlings. Acta Hort., 867, 295–302.
Ohta, K., Morishita, S., Suda, K., Kobayashi, N., Hosoki, T. (2004 a). Effects of chitosan soil mixture treatment in the seedling stage on the growth and flowering of
several ornamental plants. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci., 73(1), 66–68.
Ohta, K., Suzuki, M., Matsumoto, S., Hosoki, T., Koba-yashi, N. (2004 b). Effects of nitrogenus organic com-pounds on growth and flowering in Eustoma grandiflo-rum (Raf.) Shinn. Hort. Sci., 39(6), 1438–1440.
Pospieszny, H. (1997). Niektóre aspekty stosowania chito-zanu w ochronie roślin. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 37(1), 306–310.
Ramos-Garcia, M., Ortega-Centeno, S., Hernández-Lazuardo, A.N., Alia-Tejacal, I., Bosquez-Molina, E., Bautista-Baños, S. (2009). Response of gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.) plants after exposure corms to chi-tosan and hot water treatments. Sci. Hort., 121(4), 480–484.
Salachna, P., Bartkowiak, A. (2008). Wpływ miejsca uprawy i chitozanu o różnym ciężarze cząsteczkowym na wzrost i plonowanie frezji odmiany ‘Lisa’. Część I. Cechy morfologiczne i kwitnienie. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 525, 367–374.
Salachna, P., Bartkowiak, A., Kamińska, M., Mazurkie-wicz-Zapałowicz, K. (2008). Wpływ miejsca uprawy i chitozanu o różnym ciężarze cząsteczkowym na wzrost i plonowanie frezji odmiany ‘Lisa’. Część II. Plon i zdrowotność bulw. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 525, 375–382.
Sheikha, S.A.A.K. (2011). Physiological studies for differ-ent concentration from biochikol 020 PC (Chitosan) on bean plant. J. Asian Sci. Res., 1 (2), 73–86.
Startek, L., Żurawik, P., Salachna, P. (2005). Technologia uprawy frezji. Biul. SPORC., 17, 60–66.
Tamala, W., Jitareerat, P., Uthairatanakij, A., Obsuwan, K. (2007). Effect of pre-harvest chitosan sprays on growth of Curcuma ‘Laddawan’ (Curcuma alismatifolia × Curcuma cordata). Acta Hort., 755, 387–393.
Tomalak, M., Sosnowska, D., Lipa J.J. (2010). Tendencje rozwoju metod biologicznych w ochronie roślin. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 50(4), 1650–1660.
Uddin, A.F.M., Hashimoto, F., Shimizu, K., Sakata, Y. (2004). Monosaccharides and chitosan sensing in bud growth and petal pigmentation in Eustoma grandiflo-rum (Raf.) Shinn. Sci. Hort., 100, 127–138.
Win, N.K.K., Jitareerat, P., Kanlayanarat, S. (2005). Pre-harvest chitosan spraying on leaf spotdisease and growth of orchid (Dendrobium Missteen). Proceedings of APEC Symposium on assuring quality and safety of fresh produce. August 1–3. Bangkok, Thailand, 457–461.
Żurawik, P., Bartkowiak, A. (2009 a). Plon bulw potomnych frezji z grupy Beach w zależności od metody aplikacji chitozanu. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 539, 823–829.
Żurawik, P., Bartkowiak, A. (2009 b). Wpływ chitozanu na cechy morfologiczne frezji z grupy Beach. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 539, 831–837.
Żurawik, P. (2013). Wpływ suszu krewetkowego i chitozanu oraz metod uprawy na wzrost, rozwój, wartość dekoracyjną i plon bulw potomnych frezji (Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt) Wyd. Uczeln. ZUT w Szczecinie, 67–94.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
