FLOWER  INITIATION  AND  DEVELOPMENT  IN  ENDEMIC  IRANIAN LILY  (Lilium ledebourii Boiss.)

Mehdi Salehi; Abdollah Hatamzadeh; Vahab Jafarian; Shahin Zarre; Julian Cuevas

doi:10.24326/asphc.2018.6.11

Vol. 17 No. 6 (2018)

Articles

FLOWER INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ENDEMIC IRANIAN LILY (Lilium ledebourii Boiss.)

Mehdi Salehi⁺⁻
Abdollah Hatamzadeh⁺⁻
Vahab Jafarian⁺⁻
Shahin Zarre⁺⁻
Julian Cuevas⁺⁻

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2018.6.11
Submitted: December 20, 2018
Published: 2018-12-21

Abstract

This study was performed to depict the anatomical changes in apical meristems in order to determine the flower initiation and development of Iranian lily (Lilium ledebourii). Observations carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on groups of bulbs with different age and size showed that only large (≥55 g and ≥6 cm in diameter) 9-year-old and older bulbs expressed flowering transition, abandoning the juvenile condition. The switch from vegetative to reproductive in the apical meristem was characterized by flattening its dome. Flower initiation started between 10 and 20 days after planting, once the bulbs have passed a period of vernalization of two months at 3°C. The first hint of floral organ definition was noted 30 to 50 days after planting when the outer perianths started to grow followed by inner perianths in a pattern of 3−3. After complementation of flower formation by stamen and pistil appearance and development, flower abortion occurred in some bulbs 30 days after flower initiation. Flower bud abortion could not be linked to the bulb size. Identification of the exact time of flower initiation will be useful to provide proper management of Iranian lily in the process of domestication of this endemic endangered lily.

References

Amasino, R. (2010). Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Plant J., 61, 1001–1013.
Anderson, N.O., Younis, A., Sun, Y. (2010). Intersimple sequence repeats distinguish genetic differences in Easter lily ‘Nellie White’ clonal ramets within and among bulb growers over years. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 135, 445–455.
Araki, T. (2001). Transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 4, 63–68.
De Hertogh, A., Le Nard, M. (1993). The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.
Demura, T., Ye, Z.H. (2010) Regulation of plant biomass production. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 13, 299–304.
Dhyani, A., Nautiyal, B.P., Nautiyal, M.C. (2012). Age determination of the perennial herb Lilium polyphyllum (Liliaceae). Nord. J. Bot., 30, 503–505.
Fukai, S., Goi, M. (2001). Floral initiation and development in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Tech. Bull. Fac. Agric. Kagawa Univ. (Japan), 53, 31–34.
Kamenetsky, R., Rabinowitch, H.D. (2002). Florogenesis. In: Allium crop science: Recent advances, Rabinowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (ed). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 31–58
Lazare, S., Zaccai, M. (2016). Flowering pathway is regulated by bulb size in Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily). Plant Biol., 18, 577–584
Manimaran, P., Ghosh, S., Priyanka, R. (2017). Bulb size and growth regulators on the growth and performance of bulbous ornamental crops. A Review. Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett., 6, 1277–1284.
Mirmasoumi, M., Azadi, P., Sharafi, A., Ntui, V., Mii, M. (2013). Simple protocol for plant regeneration of Lilium ledebourii using transverse thin cell layer. Prog. Biol. Sci., 3, 117–122.
Ohkawa, K. (1977) Studies on the physiology and control of flowering in Lilium speciosum rubrum. Special Bull. Kanagawa Hortic. Exp. Stat., 1–73.
Okubo, H., Sochacki, D. (2012). Botanical and horticultural aspects of major ornamental crops, In: Ornamental geophytes: From basic science to sustainable production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 79–121
Poethig, R.S. (2003). Phase change and the regulation of developmental timing in plants. Science, 301, 334–336.
Ramzan, F., Younis, A., Riaz, A., Ali, S., Siddique, M.I., Lim, K.B. (2014) Pre-planting exogenous application of gibberellic acid influences sprouting, vegetative growth, flowering, and subsequent bulb characteristics of ‘AdRem’ tulip. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol., 55, 479–488.
Srikanth. A., Schmid, M. (2011) Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 68, 2013–2037.
Wilkins, H.F., Dole, J.M. (1997) The physiology of flowering in Lilium. Acta Hortic., 430, 183–188.

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Keywords

Lilium ledebourii
flower development
bulb size
SEM

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[1] Amasino, R. (2010). Seasonal and developmental timing of flowering. Plant J., 61, 1001–1013.

[2] Anderson, N.O., Younis, A., Sun, Y. (2010). Intersimple sequence repeats distinguish genetic differences in Easter lily ‘Nellie White’ clonal ramets within and among bulb growers over years. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 135, 445–455.

[3] Araki, T. (2001). Transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 4, 63–68.

[4] De Hertogh, A., Le Nard, M. (1993). The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.

[5] Demura, T., Ye, Z.H. (2010) Regulation of plant biomass production. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 13, 299–304.

[6] Dhyani, A., Nautiyal, B.P., Nautiyal, M.C. (2012). Age determination of the perennial herb Lilium polyphyllum (Liliaceae). Nord. J. Bot., 30, 503–505.

[7] Fukai, S., Goi, M. (2001). Floral initiation and development in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Tech. Bull. Fac. Agric. Kagawa Univ. (Japan), 53, 31–34.

[8] Kamenetsky, R., Rabinowitch, H.D. (2002). Florogenesis. In: Allium crop science: Recent advances, Rabinowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (ed). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 31–58

[9] Lazare, S., Zaccai, M. (2016). Flowering pathway is regulated by bulb size in Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily). Plant Biol., 18, 577–584

[10] Manimaran, P., Ghosh, S., Priyanka, R. (2017). Bulb size and growth regulators on the growth and performance of bulbous ornamental crops. A Review. Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett., 6, 1277–1284.

[11] Mirmasoumi, M., Azadi, P., Sharafi, A., Ntui, V., Mii, M. (2013). Simple protocol for plant regeneration of Lilium ledebourii using transverse thin cell layer. Prog. Biol. Sci., 3, 117–122.

[12] Ohkawa, K. (1977) Studies on the physiology and control of flowering in Lilium speciosum rubrum. Special Bull. Kanagawa Hortic. Exp. Stat., 1–73.

[13] Okubo, H., Sochacki, D. (2012). Botanical and horticultural aspects of major ornamental crops, In: Ornamental geophytes: From basic science to sustainable production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 79–121

[14] Poethig, R.S. (2003). Phase change and the regulation of developmental timing in plants. Science, 301, 334–336.

[15] Ramzan, F., Younis, A., Riaz, A., Ali, S., Siddique, M.I., Lim, K.B. (2014) Pre-planting exogenous application of gibberellic acid influences sprouting, vegetative growth, flowering, and subsequent bulb characteristics of ‘AdRem’ tulip. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol., 55, 479–488.

[16] Srikanth. A., Schmid, M. (2011) Regulation of flowering time: all roads lead to Rome. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 68, 2013–2037.

[17] Wilkins, H.F., Dole, J.M. (1997) The physiology of flowering in Lilium. Acta Hortic., 430, 183–188.