EFFECT OF ORGANIC MULCHES ON DEVELOPMENT OF THREE ORNAMENTAL ANNUAL PLANTS, MOISTURE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
Olesja Escuer
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, EstoniaSirje Vabrit
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, EstoniaAbstract
The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of pine bark, fresh grass and peat mulch on the ornamental value of Petunia × atkinsiana, Impatiens walleriana and Tagetes patula cultivars during the short growing period, and soil chemical properties (electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, total N, P,
K, Ca, Mg) and soil moisture in the second year in a temperate climate. Results show that fresh grass and peat mulch increased plant height of Petunia and Impatiens from 40 days after planting until the end of experiment. During the same period plant diameter of Impatiens and Tagetes was enhanced in all studied
mulches, but plant diameter of Petunia was enlarged only with peat mulch. Impatiens number of flowers enhanced in all mulches, but in case of Tagetes the number was higher with pine bark. In comparison with unmulched treatment, soil moisture, electrical conductivity and pH increased in fresh grass and pine bark
treatments. Soil Mg content was higher up to 15% in plots with fresh grass mulch. Plant diameter of all species was positively correlated with soil electrical conductivity.
Keywords:
fresh grass, pine bark, peat, Petunia × atkinsiana, Impatiens walleriana, Tagetes patulaReferences
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Winter, F., Wartha, C., Hofbauer, H. (1999). NO and N2O formation during the combustion of wood, straw, malt waste and peat. Bioresour. Technol., 70, 39–49.
Zhao, Y., Pang, H., Wang, J., Huo, L., Li, Y. (2014). Effects of straw mulch and buried straw on soil moisture and salinity in relation to sunflower growth and yield. Field Crop. Res., 161, 16–25.
Baghalian, K., Abdoshah, S., Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., Paknejad, F. (2011). Physiological and phytochemical response to drought stress of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Plant Physiol. Biochem., 49, 201–207.
Bary, A.I., Cogger, C.G., Sullivan, D.M., Myhre, E.A. (2005). Characterization of fresh yard trimmings for agricultural use. Bioresour. Technol., 96(13), 1499–1504.
Blom, T.J., Kerec, D., Al-Batal, N. (2008). The effect of moisture content in the substrate on rooting of seedlings in plug trays. Acta Hortic., 782, 305–310.
Bremner, J.M., Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen – total. In: Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, Page A.L. (ed.). American Society of Agronomy Inc., Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 595–624.
Cabilovski, R., Manojlovic, M., Bogdanovic, D., Magazin, N., Keserovic, Z., Sitaula, B.K. (2014). Mulch type and application of manure and composts in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) production: impact on soil fertility and yield. Zemdirbyste, 101(1), 67–74.
Downer, J., Hodel, D. (2001). The effects of mulching on establishment of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Becc., Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. and Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. & Drude in the landscape. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam), 87, 85–92.
Ekwue, E.I., Bartholomew, J. (2011). Electrical conductivity of some soils in Trinidad as affected by density, water and peat content. Biosyst. Eng., 108, 95–103.
Fang, S., Xie, B., Liu, J., 2008. Soil nutrient availability, poplar growth and biomass production on degraded agricultural soil under fresh grass mulch. Forest Ecol. Manag., 255, 1802–1809.
Faust, J.E., Holcombe, V., Rajapakse, N.C., Layne, D.R. (2005). The effect of daily light integral on bedding plant growth and flowering. HortScience, 40(3), 645–649.
Haynes, R.J. (1980). A comparison of two modified Kjeldahl digestion techniques for multi-element plant analysis with conventional wet and dry ashing methods. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 11(5), 459–467.
Iles, J.K., Dosmann. M.S. (1999). Effect of organic and mineral mulches on soil properties and growth of fairview Flame® red maple trees. J. Arboric., 25(3), 163–167.
Klock, K.A. (1997). Growth of salt sensitive bedding plants in media amended with composted urban waste. Compost Sci. Util., 5(3), 55–59.
Kocira, A., Laskowska, H. (2006). Influence of herbicides and organic mulches on yield and quality of flowers of Acidanthera bicolor VAR. murielae Perry. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 5(1), 37–44.
Korotkova, O., Vabrit, S. (2010). Influence of soil temperature on ornamental quality of bedding plants through mulching. Acta Hortic., 881, 399–402.
Kumar, S., Dey, P. (2011). Effects of different mulches and irrigation methods on root growth, nutrient uptake, water-use efficiency and yield of strawberry. Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam), 127, 318–324.
Lorenz, K., Lal, R. (2009). Biogeochemical C and N cycles in urban soils. Environ. Int., 35, 1–8.
McBrierty, V.J., Wardell, G.E., Keely, C.M., O’Neill, E.P., Prasad, M. (1996). The characterization of water in peat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 60, 991–1006.
Medina, E., Paredes, C., Pérez-Murcia, M.D., Bustamante, M.A., Moral, R. (2009). Spent mushroom substrates as component of growing media for germination and growth of horticultural plants. Bioresour. Technol., 100, 4227–4232.
Miller, E.M., Seastedt, T.R. (2009). Impacts of woodchip amendments and soil nutrient availability on understory vegetation establishment following thinning of a pon-derosa pine forest. Forest Ecol. Manag., 258, 263–272.
Moyin-Jesu, E.I. (2007). Use of plant residues for improving soil fertility, pod nutrients, root growth and pod weight of okra (Abelmoschus esculentum L). Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2057–2064.
Mulumba, L.N., Lal R. (2008). Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil Till. Res., 98, 106–111.
Olasantan, F.O. (1999). Effect of time of mulching on soil temperature and moisture regime and emergence, growth and yield of white yam in western Nigeria. Soil Till. Res., 50, 215–221.
Ram, M., Ram, D., Roy, S.K. (2003). Influence of an organic mulching on fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and herb and essential oil yields in geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Bioresour. Technol., 87, 273–278.
Shen, Q.R., Shen, Z.G. (2001). Effects of pig manure and wheat straw on growth of mung bean seedlings grown in aluminium toxicity soil. Bioresour. Technol., 76, 235–240.
Soil and Plant Analysis Council (1992). Handbook on reference methods for soil analysis. Soil and Plant Analysis Council Inc., Georgia, USA.
Sønsteby, A., Nes, A., Måge, F. (2004). Effects of bark mulch and NPK fertilizer on yield, leaf nutrient status and soil mineral nitrogen during three years of strawberry production. Acta Agr. Scand. Sec. B Soil Plant Sci., 54(3), 128–134.
Tiquia, S.M., Lloyd, J., Herms, D.A., Hoitink, H.A.J., Michel Jr., F.C. (2002). Effects of mulching and fertili-zation on soil nutrients, microbial activity and rhizosphere bacterial community structure determined by analysis of TRFLPs of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. Appl. Soil Ecol., 21, 31−48.
Velykis, A., Satkus, A., Masilionytė, L. (2014). Effect of tillage, lime sludge and cover crop on soil physical state and growth of spring oilseed rape. Zemdirbyste, 101(4), 347–354.
Vorobyova, L.A. (1998). Chemical analysis of soils. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 44 pp.
Vrščaj, B., Poggio, L., Marsan, F.A. (2008). A method for soil environmental quality evaluation for management and planning in urban areas. Landsc. Urban Plan., 88, 81–94.
Winter, F., Wartha, C., Hofbauer, H. (1999). NO and N2O formation during the combustion of wood, straw, malt waste and peat. Bioresour. Technol., 70, 39–49.
Zhao, Y., Pang, H., Wang, J., Huo, L., Li, Y. (2014). Effects of straw mulch and buried straw on soil moisture and salinity in relation to sunflower growth and yield. Field Crop. Res., 161, 16–25.
Olesja Escuer
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, Estonia
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, Estonia
Sirje Vabrit
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, Estonia
Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, Estonia
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