CULTIVATION SYSTEM VERSUS THE CONTENT OF MINERALS IN CARROT (Daucus carota L.) ROOTS
Jadwiga Wierzbowska
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandBożena Cwalina-Ambroziak
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandMarta Zalewska
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandArkadiusz Światły
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandAbstract
The aim of this research has been to analyse the effect of a cultivation system on the content of minerals in carrot roots. Roots of two carrot cultivars (Koral and Bolero) grown in organic plantations and plantations maintained according to integrated agriculture guidelines were chosen for the study. The thermal and moisture conditions differentiated the content of macro- and microelements more than the cultivation system or genotype specific traits of the cultivars did. In general, a significantly higher content of the analysed minerals was observed in the first year of the experiment. Carrot grown in the integrated system contained higher amounts of N and Mg as well as Cu, Zn and Mn, while organic carrot roots had more P, Fe and Pb. The late cv. Koral contained significantly more P as well as Mg and Cu, Zn and Pb, while the cultivar Bolero was richer in N. With respect to the other elements, no differences were determined between the cultivars. After
storage, the content of N in roots of both cultivars decreased, while the levels of the other macronutrients was higher. Larger changes in the content of N, Na, Mg and Ca were detected in roots of the carrot from organic plantations, while P and K differed more in carrot roots from the integrated system.
Keywords:
Daucus carota, organic system, integrated system, macroelements, microelementsReferences
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Szabó, G., Czellér, K. (2009). Examination of the heavy metal uptake of carrot (Daucus carota) in different soil types. AGD Landsc. Env., 3(2), 56–70.
Szczepanek, M., Wilczewski, E., Pobereżny, J., Wszelaczyńska, E., Keutgen, A., Ochmian, I. (2015). Effect of biostimulants and storage on the content of macroelements
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Tadesse, T.F, Abera, S., Worku, S. (2015). Nutritional and sensory properties of solar-dried carrot slices as affected by blanching and osmotic pre-treatments. Int.
J. Food Sci. Nutr. Engin., 5(1), 24–32.
Warman, P.R., Havard, K.A. (1997). Yield, vitamin and mineral contents of organically and convencionally grown carrots and cabbage. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 61, 155–162.
Wierzbowska, J., Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Głosek-Sobieraj, M., Sienkiewicz, S. (2017). Yield and mineral content of edible carrot depending on cultivation and plant protection methods. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 16(2),75–86.
Wszelaczyńska, E., Pobereżny, J. (2011). Effect of foliar magnesium fertilisation and storage on some parameters of the nutritive value of carrot storage roots.
J. Elementol., 16(4), 635–649.
Anal., 20, 961–969.
Bender, I., Ess, M., Matt, D., Moor, U., Tõnutare, T., Luik, A. (2009). Quality of organic and conventional carrots. Agron. Res., 7(Special issue II), 572–577.
Bender, I., Moor, U., Luik, A. (2015). The effect of growing systems on the quality of carrots. Res. Rural Dev., 1, 118–123.
Benedycka, Z., Rusek, E. (1994). Suitability of a method using azomethine-H in determining boron in plants and soil. Acta Acad. Agric. Techn. Olst., 58, 85–90.
Bosiacki, M., Tyksiński, W. (2009). Copper, zinc, iron and manganese content in edible parts of some fresh vegetables sold on markets in Poznań. J. Elementol., 14(1),
13–22.
Bounds, R.S., Hausbeck, M.K., Podolsky, R.H. (2006). Comparing disease forecasters for timing fungicide sprays to control foliar blight on carrot. Plant Dis., 90(3), 264–268.
Brandt, K., Molgaard, J.P. (2001). Organic agriculture: does it enhance or reduce the nutritional value of plant foods? J. Sci. Food Agric., 81(9), 924–931.
Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Amarowicz, R., Tyburski, J., Janiak, M., Nowak, M.K. (2014). Effect of farming systems on pathogen infections and content of phenolic
compounds in carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) roots. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 24(4), 1183–1189.
Domagała-Świątkiewicz, I., Gąstoł, M. (2012). Comparative study on mineral content of organic and conventional carrot, celery and red beet juices. Acta Sci. Pol.
Hortorum Cultus, 11(2), 173–183.
Dyśko, J., Kaniszewski, S. (2007). Effect of drip irrigation, N-fertigation and cultivation method on the yield and quality of carrot. Veg. Crops Res. Bull., 67, 25–33.
Ecological Agriculture Act (2004). J. Laws, 93, item 898. Ekholm, P., Reinivuo, H., Mattila, P., Pakkala, H., Koponen, J., Happonen, A., Hellström, J., Ovaskainen, M.L.
(2007). Changes in the mineral and trace element contents of cereals, fruits and vegetables in Finland. J. Food Compos. Anal., 20, 487–495.
Hoefkens, C., Vandekinderen, I., De Meulenaer, B., Devlieghere, F., Baert, K., Sioen, I., De Henauw, S., Verbeke, W., Van Camp, J. (2009). A literature-based
comparison of nutrient and contaminant contents between organic and conventional vegetables and potatoes. Brit. Food J., 111, 1078–1097.
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015). World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil
maps. Update 2015. World Soil Resources Reports 106. FAO, Rome, 188 pp.
Krejčová, A., Návesník, J., Jičínská, J., Černohorský, T. (2016). An elemental analysis of conventionally, organically and self-grown carrots. Food Chem., 192, 242–249.
Kwiatkowski, C.A., Haliniarz, M., Kołodziej, B., Harasim, E., Tomczyńska-Mleko, M. (2015). Content of some chemical components in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots depending on growth stimulators and stubble crops. J. Elementol., 20(4), 933–943.
Leclerc, J., Miller, M.L. (1992). Variation of vitamin and mineral content of carrots during growth and according to storage method. Agrochimica, 36(1–2), 19–24.
Lisiewska, Z., Kmiecik, W., Gębczyński, P. (2006). Effects on mineral content of different methods of preparing frozen root vegetables. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 12, 497.
Masamba, K.G., Nguyen, M.H. (2008). Determination and comparison of vitamin C, calcium and potassium in four selected conventionally and organically grown
fruits and vegetables. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7(16), 2915–2919.
Negrea, M., Radulov, I., Lavinia, A., Rusu, L. (2012). Mineral nutrients compositions of Daucus carrota culture in different stages of morphogenesis. Rev. Chim.
(Bucharest), 63(9), 887–892.
Nicolle, C., Simon, G., Rock, E., Amouroux, P., Remesy, C. (2004). Genetic variability influences carotenoid, vitamin, phenolic, and mineral content in white, yellow,
purple, orange, and dark-orange carrot cultivars. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 129(4), 523–529.
Ostrowska, A., Gawliński, S., Szczubiałka, Z. (1991). Methods of analysis and assessment of soil and plant properties. IOŚ, Warszawa, pp. 334 (in Polish).
Pietola, L., Salo, T. (2000). Response of P, K, Mg and NO3-N contents of carrots to irrigation, soil compaction, and nitrogen fertilization. Agric. Food Sci. Fin., 9,
319–331.
Plant Protection Act (2004). J. Laws, 11, item 94. Platta, A., Kolenda, H. (2009). The concentration of mineral compounds in selected carrot varieties. Bromat. Chem. Toksykol., 42(3), 294–298 (in Polish).
Ratajkiewicz, H., Stachowiak, B., Gwiazdowska, D., Witczak, B. (2011). Fungistatic activity of selected Bacillus and Propionibacterium strains against Alternaria radicina on carrot roots. Prog. Plant Prot., 51(2), 690–694.
Singh, D.P., Beloy, J., McInerney, J.K., Day, L. (2012). Impact of boron, calcium and genetic factors on vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and
antioxidant capacity of carrots (Daucus carota). Food Chem., 132(3), 1161–1170.
Smoleń, S. (2008). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and foliar feeding on the biological value of carrots. in Applications of statistical methods in scientific research,
3rd vol. StatSoft Polska, 327–335 (in Polish).
Smoleń, S., Sady, W., Ledwożyw-Smoleń, I. (2010). Quantitative relations between the content of selected trace elements in soil extracted with 0.03 M CH3COOH
or 1 M HCl and its total concentration in carrot storage roots. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 3–12.
Smoleń, S., Sady, W., Wierzbińska, J. (2012). The influence of nitrogen fertilization with ENTEC-26 and ammonium nitrate on the concentration of thirty-one elements
in carrot (Daucus carota L.) storage roots. J. Elementol., 17(1), 115–137.
Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland (2015). Central Statistical Office, Warsaw.
Szabó, G., Czellér, K. (2009). Examination of the heavy metal uptake of carrot (Daucus carota) in different soil types. AGD Landsc. Env., 3(2), 56–70.
Szczepanek, M., Wilczewski, E., Pobereżny, J., Wszelaczyńska, E., Keutgen, A., Ochmian, I. (2015). Effect of biostimulants and storage on the content of macroelements
in storage roots of carrot. J. Elem., 20(4), 1021–1031.
Tadesse, T.F, Abera, S., Worku, S. (2015). Nutritional and sensory properties of solar-dried carrot slices as affected by blanching and osmotic pre-treatments. Int.
J. Food Sci. Nutr. Engin., 5(1), 24–32.
Warman, P.R., Havard, K.A. (1997). Yield, vitamin and mineral contents of organically and convencionally grown carrots and cabbage. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 61, 155–162.
Wierzbowska, J., Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Głosek-Sobieraj, M., Sienkiewicz, S. (2017). Yield and mineral content of edible carrot depending on cultivation and plant protection methods. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 16(2),75–86.
Wszelaczyńska, E., Pobereżny, J. (2011). Effect of foliar magnesium fertilisation and storage on some parameters of the nutritive value of carrot storage roots.
J. Elementol., 16(4), 635–649.
Jadwiga Wierzbowska
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Marta Zalewska
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Arkadiusz Światły
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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