EFFECT OF LEAF SPRAY TREATMENTS ON ROOTING AND QUALITY OF Prunus mahaleb (L.) CUTTINGS
Veronika Szabó
Corvinus University of Budapest, HungaryLajos Magyar
Corvinus University of Budapest, HungaryKároly Hrotkó
Abstract
Cuttings are exposed to several stress factors during rooting. Leaf nutrient sprays may compensate the stress. Six treatments of leaf fertilizers and biostimulators and BA were applied on rooting two cultivars of Prunus mahaleb cuttings. Cuttings were taken from untreated stockplants in late May. Each cutting was 20 cm long with three leaves each cut in half. On all cuttings’ base, except for untreated ones, 0.2% IBA were applied by dipping in 50% ethanol solution, than inserted into perlite and rooted under intermittent mist. The following leaf spray treatments were applied weekly on rooting cuttings from the first to fourth week: Kelpak® 0.2%, Wuxal® Ascofol 0.2%, Pentakeep®-V 0.05%, Yeald Plus® 0.15%, early BA 0.2%. The later BA treatment started on the 4th week of rooting. Control was sprayed with tap water. Yeald Plus® and Pentakeep®-V show some improving tendency in rooting rate compared to IBA treated and control (8.9 and 4.0%) on ʽBogdány’ in average of three years. On ʽMagyar’ cuttings, which can be characterized with low rooting potential, foliar sprays of Kelpak®, Wuxal® Ascofol, Pentakeep ®-V and Yeald Plus® significantly increased the rooting rate and the fresh weight increment during the rooting, while Pentakeep®-V and Yeald Plus® significantly increased
the total dry weight of rooted cuttings.
Keywords:
biostimulators, leaf fertilizers, fresh weight, dry weight, rooting rateReferences
Arthur, G.D., Stirk, W.A., van Staden, J. (2003). Effect of a seaweed concentrate on growth and yield of three varieties of Capsicum annuum. South African J. Bot., 69(2), 207–211.
Babik, I., Babik, J., Dysko, J. (2008). Effects of 5-aminolevulic acid (ALA) from Pentakeep fertilisers on yield and quality of vegetables grown in the field and under cover. Biostimulators in modern agriculture, Gawronska, H. (ed.). Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. 61–74.
Basak, A. (2008a). Biostimulators – definitions, classification and legislation. Biostimulators in modern agriculture, Gawronska ,H. (ed.). Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. 7–17.
Basak, A. (2008b). Effect of preharvest treatment with seaweed products, Kelpak® and Goëmar BM 86, on fruit quality in apple. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 8(1–2), 1–14.
Beckett, R.P. van Staden, J. (1989). The effect of seaweed concentrate on growth and yield of potassium stressed wheat. Plant Soil, 116(1), 29–36.
Bingshan, L., Hotta, Y., Yinglan, Q., Jinsong, Z., Tanaka, T., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1998). Effects of 5-aminolevulic acid on the growth and ripening of wheat. J. Pestic. Sci., 23, 300–303.
Eriksen, E.N. (1974). Root formation in pea cuttings. III. The influence of citokinins at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant., 30, 163–167.
Górnik, K., Grzesik, M., Romanowska-Duda, B. (2008). The effect of chitosan on rooting of grapewine cuttings and on subsequent plant growth under drought and temperature stress. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 16, 333–343.
Gyeviki, M., Magyar, L., Bujdosó, G. Hrotkó, K. (2008). Cherry rootstock evaluation for high density orchards in Hungary. Univ. Agricult. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca, 65(1), 231–236.
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T. Geneve, R.L. (1997). Plant propagation. Principles and practices. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.
Hotta, Y., Tanaka, T., Takaoka, H., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1997). New physiological effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid in plants: The increase of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and plant growth. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61(12), 2025–2028.
Hotta, Y., Tanaka, T., Bingshan, L., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1998). Improvement of cold resistance in rice seedlings by 5-aminolevulic acid. J. Pestic. Sci., 23, 29–33.
Hrotkó, K. (1982). Propagation of clonal mahaleb rootstocks by leafy cuttings (Sajmeggy alanyklónok szaporítása zölddugványozással). Kertgazdaság, Budapest, 15(4), 45–50.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L., Őri, B. (1999). Improved feathering on one-year-old ‘Germersdorfi FL 45’ sweet cherry trees in the nursery. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 64(2), 75–78.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L. (2004). Mahaleb rootstocks from the Department of Fruit Science, Budapest. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 658, 497–499.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L., Hoffmann, S., Gyeviki, M. (2009). Rootstock evaluation in intensive sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard. Int. J. Hort. Sci., 15(3), 7–12.
Jacygrad, E., Pacholczak, A. (2010). Effect of biopreparations Amino Total and Biochikol 020 PC on rhizogenesis in stem cuttings of Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart’s Gold’ and ‘Diabolo’. Ann. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. – SGGW, Horticult. Landsc. Architect., 31, 19–27.
Kositorna, J., Smolinski, M. (2008). Biostimulators can protect sugar beet from stress caused by herbicides. Biostimulators in modern agriculture. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci., 41–49.
Kwizda Agro (2009). http://www.kwizda.hu/yield_plus
Leakey, R.R.B., Storeton-West, R. (1992). The rooting ability of Triplochiton scleroxylon cuttings: the interaction between stockplant irradiance, light quality, and nutrients. Forest Ecol. Manage., 49, 133–150.
Leakey, R.R.B. (2004). Physiology of vegetative reproduction. Encyclopedia of forest sciences. James Cook University, Cairns, Australia. Agroforestry and Novel Crops Unit QLD 4870, PO Box 6811.
Magyar, L. Hrotkó, K. (2005). Effect of BA (6-benzyladenine) and GA 4 + 7 on feathering of sweet cherry cultivars in the nursery. Acta Hort., 667, 417–422.
Magyar, L., Barancsi, Z. Hrotkó, K. (2008a). Improved feathering by combined application of BA and biostimulators. International Workshop on Sustainable Fruit Growing. Pitesti, Romania. (CD) 67–70.
Magyar, L., Barancsi, Z., Dickmann, A., Hrotkó, K. (2008b). Application of biostimulators in nursery. Bulletin UASVM Horticult., 65(1), 515.
Mothes, K. Engelbrecht, L. (1963). On the activity of a kinetin-like root factor. Life Sci., 11, 852–857.
Mothes, K., Engelbrecht, L., Schütte, H.R. (1961). Über die Akkumulation von a-Aminoisobuttersäure im Blattgewebe unter dem Einfluss von Kinetin. Physiol. Plant., 14, 72–75.
Nishihara, E., Kondo, K., Parvez, M. M., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, K., Tanaka, K. (2002). Role of 5-aminolevulic acid (ALA) on active oxygen-scavening system in NaCl-treated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). J. Plant Physiol., 160, 1085–1091.
Nahed, G.A. (2007). Stimulatory Effect of NPK Fertilizers and Benzyladenine on Growth and Chemical Constitution of Codieum variegatum L. Plant. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2(6), 711–719.
Nita, M., Iancu, M. (2009). Radistim and indolil acetic acid influence on berries softwood cuttings rotting characteristics. Scientific Papers of the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania, 23, 181–188.
North, M., Wooldridge, J. (2003). Number and concentration of calcium nitrate plus Kelpak® sprays for control of bitter pit in ‘Braeburn’ apple fruit. South Afr. J. Plant Soil, 20(3), 141–145.
Przeradzki, D., Mac Cárthaigh, D. (1987). Fertilizing of Forsythia × intermedia cuttings during rooting. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 226, 345–354.
Szabó, V., Sárvári, A., Hrotkó, K. (2011). Treatment of stockplants with biostimulators and their effects on cutting propagation of Prunus mariana ‘GF 8-1’. Acta Hort., 923, 277–282.
Szabó, V., Németh, Z., Hrotkó, K. (2013). Improved rooting by different plant growth regulator treatments on Prunus mahaleb (L.) cuttings. Acta Hort., 981, 431–436.
Szabó, V., Németh, Z., Sárvári, A., Végvári, G., Hrotkó, K. (2014). Effects of biostimulator and leaf fertilizers on Prunus mahaleb L. stockplants and their cuttings. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(6), 113–125.
Watanabe, K., Tanaka, T., Hotta, Y., Kuramochi, H., Takeuchi, Y. (2000). Improving salt tolerance of cotton seedlings with 5-aminolevulic acid. Plant Grow. Reg., 32, 99–103.
Werner, T., Holst, K., Pörs, Y., Guivarćh, A., Mustroph, A., Chriqui, D., Grimm, B., Schmülling, T. (2008). Cytokinin deficiency causes distinct changes of sink and source parameters in tobacco shoots and roots. J. Exp. Bot., 59(10), 2659–2672. ISSN: 00220957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern134
Wiesman, Z., Lavee, S. (1995). Enhancement of IBA stimulatory effect on rooting of olive cultivar stem cuttings. Sci. Hort., 62(3), 189–198.
Xu, F., Cheng, S. Zhu, J. Zhang, W., Wang, Y. (2011). Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on chlorophyll, photosynthesis, soluble sugar and flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj., 39(1), 41–47.
Babik, I., Babik, J., Dysko, J. (2008). Effects of 5-aminolevulic acid (ALA) from Pentakeep fertilisers on yield and quality of vegetables grown in the field and under cover. Biostimulators in modern agriculture, Gawronska, H. (ed.). Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. 61–74.
Basak, A. (2008a). Biostimulators – definitions, classification and legislation. Biostimulators in modern agriculture, Gawronska ,H. (ed.). Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. 7–17.
Basak, A. (2008b). Effect of preharvest treatment with seaweed products, Kelpak® and Goëmar BM 86, on fruit quality in apple. Int. J. Fruit Sci., 8(1–2), 1–14.
Beckett, R.P. van Staden, J. (1989). The effect of seaweed concentrate on growth and yield of potassium stressed wheat. Plant Soil, 116(1), 29–36.
Bingshan, L., Hotta, Y., Yinglan, Q., Jinsong, Z., Tanaka, T., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1998). Effects of 5-aminolevulic acid on the growth and ripening of wheat. J. Pestic. Sci., 23, 300–303.
Eriksen, E.N. (1974). Root formation in pea cuttings. III. The influence of citokinins at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant., 30, 163–167.
Górnik, K., Grzesik, M., Romanowska-Duda, B. (2008). The effect of chitosan on rooting of grapewine cuttings and on subsequent plant growth under drought and temperature stress. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 16, 333–343.
Gyeviki, M., Magyar, L., Bujdosó, G. Hrotkó, K. (2008). Cherry rootstock evaluation for high density orchards in Hungary. Univ. Agricult. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca, 65(1), 231–236.
Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T. Geneve, R.L. (1997). Plant propagation. Principles and practices. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632.
Hotta, Y., Tanaka, T., Takaoka, H., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1997). New physiological effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid in plants: The increase of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and plant growth. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61(12), 2025–2028.
Hotta, Y., Tanaka, T., Bingshan, L., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M. (1998). Improvement of cold resistance in rice seedlings by 5-aminolevulic acid. J. Pestic. Sci., 23, 29–33.
Hrotkó, K. (1982). Propagation of clonal mahaleb rootstocks by leafy cuttings (Sajmeggy alanyklónok szaporítása zölddugványozással). Kertgazdaság, Budapest, 15(4), 45–50.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L., Őri, B. (1999). Improved feathering on one-year-old ‘Germersdorfi FL 45’ sweet cherry trees in the nursery. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 64(2), 75–78.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L. (2004). Mahaleb rootstocks from the Department of Fruit Science, Budapest. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 658, 497–499.
Hrotkó, K., Magyar, L., Hoffmann, S., Gyeviki, M. (2009). Rootstock evaluation in intensive sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard. Int. J. Hort. Sci., 15(3), 7–12.
Jacygrad, E., Pacholczak, A. (2010). Effect of biopreparations Amino Total and Biochikol 020 PC on rhizogenesis in stem cuttings of Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart’s Gold’ and ‘Diabolo’. Ann. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci. – SGGW, Horticult. Landsc. Architect., 31, 19–27.
Kositorna, J., Smolinski, M. (2008). Biostimulators can protect sugar beet from stress caused by herbicides. Biostimulators in modern agriculture. Warsaw Univ. Life Sci., 41–49.
Kwizda Agro (2009). http://www.kwizda.hu/yield_plus
Leakey, R.R.B., Storeton-West, R. (1992). The rooting ability of Triplochiton scleroxylon cuttings: the interaction between stockplant irradiance, light quality, and nutrients. Forest Ecol. Manage., 49, 133–150.
Leakey, R.R.B. (2004). Physiology of vegetative reproduction. Encyclopedia of forest sciences. James Cook University, Cairns, Australia. Agroforestry and Novel Crops Unit QLD 4870, PO Box 6811.
Magyar, L. Hrotkó, K. (2005). Effect of BA (6-benzyladenine) and GA 4 + 7 on feathering of sweet cherry cultivars in the nursery. Acta Hort., 667, 417–422.
Magyar, L., Barancsi, Z. Hrotkó, K. (2008a). Improved feathering by combined application of BA and biostimulators. International Workshop on Sustainable Fruit Growing. Pitesti, Romania. (CD) 67–70.
Magyar, L., Barancsi, Z., Dickmann, A., Hrotkó, K. (2008b). Application of biostimulators in nursery. Bulletin UASVM Horticult., 65(1), 515.
Mothes, K. Engelbrecht, L. (1963). On the activity of a kinetin-like root factor. Life Sci., 11, 852–857.
Mothes, K., Engelbrecht, L., Schütte, H.R. (1961). Über die Akkumulation von a-Aminoisobuttersäure im Blattgewebe unter dem Einfluss von Kinetin. Physiol. Plant., 14, 72–75.
Nishihara, E., Kondo, K., Parvez, M. M., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, K., Tanaka, K. (2002). Role of 5-aminolevulic acid (ALA) on active oxygen-scavening system in NaCl-treated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). J. Plant Physiol., 160, 1085–1091.
Nahed, G.A. (2007). Stimulatory Effect of NPK Fertilizers and Benzyladenine on Growth and Chemical Constitution of Codieum variegatum L. Plant. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2(6), 711–719.
Nita, M., Iancu, M. (2009). Radistim and indolil acetic acid influence on berries softwood cuttings rotting characteristics. Scientific Papers of the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania, 23, 181–188.
North, M., Wooldridge, J. (2003). Number and concentration of calcium nitrate plus Kelpak® sprays for control of bitter pit in ‘Braeburn’ apple fruit. South Afr. J. Plant Soil, 20(3), 141–145.
Przeradzki, D., Mac Cárthaigh, D. (1987). Fertilizing of Forsythia × intermedia cuttings during rooting. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 226, 345–354.
Szabó, V., Sárvári, A., Hrotkó, K. (2011). Treatment of stockplants with biostimulators and their effects on cutting propagation of Prunus mariana ‘GF 8-1’. Acta Hort., 923, 277–282.
Szabó, V., Németh, Z., Hrotkó, K. (2013). Improved rooting by different plant growth regulator treatments on Prunus mahaleb (L.) cuttings. Acta Hort., 981, 431–436.
Szabó, V., Németh, Z., Sárvári, A., Végvári, G., Hrotkó, K. (2014). Effects of biostimulator and leaf fertilizers on Prunus mahaleb L. stockplants and their cuttings. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(6), 113–125.
Watanabe, K., Tanaka, T., Hotta, Y., Kuramochi, H., Takeuchi, Y. (2000). Improving salt tolerance of cotton seedlings with 5-aminolevulic acid. Plant Grow. Reg., 32, 99–103.
Werner, T., Holst, K., Pörs, Y., Guivarćh, A., Mustroph, A., Chriqui, D., Grimm, B., Schmülling, T. (2008). Cytokinin deficiency causes distinct changes of sink and source parameters in tobacco shoots and roots. J. Exp. Bot., 59(10), 2659–2672. ISSN: 00220957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern134
Wiesman, Z., Lavee, S. (1995). Enhancement of IBA stimulatory effect on rooting of olive cultivar stem cuttings. Sci. Hort., 62(3), 189–198.
Xu, F., Cheng, S. Zhu, J. Zhang, W., Wang, Y. (2011). Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on chlorophyll, photosynthesis, soluble sugar and flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj., 39(1), 41–47.
Veronika Szabó
Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
Lajos Magyar
Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary
Károly Hrotkó
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
