POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SELECTED EUROPEAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS Allium L. (ALLIACEAE)
Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandHeidemarie Halbritter
University of Vienna, AustriaAgnieszka Krzymińska
Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandLeszek Bednorz
Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandJan Bocianowski
Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandAbstract
The pollen morphology of eight species from three subgenera and five sections of the genus Allium L. was studied by LM and SEM (i.e.: A. angulosum, A. carinatum, A. senescens subsp. montanum, A. oleraceum, A. scorodoprasum, A. ursinum, A. victorialis and A. vineale). The material came from natural sites of these species located in Poland, Czech Republic, Austria and Italy. For measurements a sample consisted of 30 pollen grains. In total, 240 pollen grains were analysed. They were analysed in respect to six quantitative features (i.e.: length of long axis – LA, length of short axis – SA, thickness of exine along long axis – Ex, SA/LA and Ex/LA ratios and length of sulcus) and the following qualitative ones: pollen outline and shape, exine ornamentation. Taxonomic value of these pollen features is considerable, especially on the sections level. On the basis of these features, it is impossible to distinguish individual Allium species but only their groups. The examined features were characterized by moderate (LA, SA and SA/LA) or high var-iability (Ex, Ex/LA). Among studied species the lowest variability was found in A. victorialis and the highest in A. vineale and A. oleraceum.
Keywords:
pollen variability, palynology, micromorphology, taxonomy, SEMReferences
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Buchner, R., Weber, M., eds. (2000 onwards). Alllium L. PalDat – a palynological database (http://www.paldat.org).
Cabezudo, B., Pastor, J., Trigo M.M., Nieto Caldera, J.M. (1992). Observaciones sobre Allium rouyi Gautier. Acta Bot. Malac., 17, 123–126.
Camussi, A., Ottaviano, E., Caliński T., Kaczmarek, Z. (1985). Genetic distances based on quantitative traits. Genetics, 111, 945–962.
Davies, D. (1992). Alliums, the ornamental onions. BT Batsford Ltd., London.
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El-Gadi, A., Elkington, T.T. (1977). Numerical taxonomic studies on species in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. New Phytol., 79, 183–201.
El-Sadek, L., El-Gazaly, G., Ayvad M. (1994). Cytology and palynology of common monocots in Mariut Egypt 1. Common species of the families Alliaceae and Liliaceae. Quatar Univ. Si. J., 14(2), 270–280.
Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy, Angiosperms. Almquist and Wik-sell., Stockholm.
Erdtman, G. (1960). The acetolysis method. A revised description: Svensk. Bot. Tidskr., 54, 561–564.
Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N., Seybold, S. (2008). Zander Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart, Stuttgart.
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Gurushidze, M., Mashayekhi, S., Blattner, F.R., Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. (2007). Phylogenetic relationships of wild and cultivated species of Allium section Cepa inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequence analysis. Plant Syst. Evol., 269, 259–269.
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Koç, F. (2001). Investigation of pollen morphology of some endemic Allium in Turkey. PhD thesis. Institute of Science and Technology. Gazi University.
Kosenko, V.N., Kudryashova, G.L. (1995). Palynomorphology of the family Alliaceae. Bot. Zhurnal (st. Petersburg)., 80(6), 5–17.
Kupriyanova, L.A., Aliev, T.A. (1979). Palynological data in the systematics of the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae JG Agardh). Bot. Zh. (St. Petersburg), 64(9), 1273–1284.
Maassoumi, S.M., Kiani, S., Bareemizadeh, F., Ghasempour, H., Karimi, N., Shohani, F., Amiri, S. (2014). Pollen morphology of the genus Allium in comparison with genus Calochortus of or-der Liliales. Int. J. Biosci., 4(12), 237–243.
Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 12, 49–55.
Nair, P.K.K., Sharma, M. (1965). Pollen morphology of Liliaceae. J. Palynology, 1, 38–61.
Namin, H.H., Mehrvarz, S.S., Zarre, S., Fritsch, R.M. (2009). Pollen morphology of selected species of Allium (Alliaceae) distributed in Iran. Nordic J. Bot., 27(1), 54–60.
Neshati, F., Fritsch, R.M., Zarre, S. (2009). Pollen morphology of some Allium L. species (Alliaceae) from Iran. Bot. Jahrb. Systemat., 127(4), 433–451.
Ohri, D., Fritsch, R.M., Hanelt, P. (1998). Evolution of genome size in Allium L. (Alliaceae). Plant Syst. Evol., 210, 57–86.
Özhatay, N., Koçyiğit, M. (2009). Pollen morphology of Allium species (Lilliaceae) in European Turkey and around Istanbul. Phytol. Balcan., 15(2), 199–208.
Özler, H. (2001). Study of pollen morphology structures of some species that belong to Asparagus L., Allium L., Muscari Miller and Fritillaria L. PhD thesis. Inst. Sci. & Technology, Gazi Univ. (in Turkish).
Özler, H., Pehlivan, S. (2007). Comparison of pollen morphological structuresof some taxa be-longing to Asparagus L. and Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J. Bot., 36(2), 111–120.
Özler, H., Pehlivan, S. (2010). Pollen morphology of Allium L. (Lilliaceae) taxa in Turkey. Bang-ladesh J. Bot., 39(1), 37–46.
Pastor, J. (1981). Estudio palinologico del genero Allium en la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares. Bot. Macaronés., 8–9, 189–214.
Pich, U., Fritsch, R., Schubert, I. (1996). Closely related Allium species (Alliaceae) share a very similar satellite sequence. Plant Syst. Evol., 202, 255–264 Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 1431(2), 1–81.
Rabinowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (2002). Allium crop science: recent advances CABI Publishing, Oxon.
Radulescu, D. (1973). Recherches morpho-palynologiques sur la famille Liliaceae. Acta Bot. Horti. Bucur., 1972–73, 133–248.
Ricroch, A., Yockteng, R., Brown, S.C., Nadot, S. (2005). Evolution of genome size across some cultivated Allium species. Genome, 48, 511–520.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52, 591–611.
Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J. (1995). Biometry: The Principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman, New York.
Tolgor, M. (1995). Pollen morphology of Allium and its taxonomic significance. J. Jilin Agricult. Univ., 17(1), 36–40.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Jagodziński, A.M. (2011). Systematic importance of pollen morphological features of selected species from the genus Rosa (Rosaceae). Plant Syst. Evol., 295(1–4), 55–72.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Bocianowski, J., Jagodziński, A.M. (2013). Comparison of pollen grain morphological features of selected species of the genus Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) and their spontaneous, interspecific hybrids. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 172, 555–571.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Jagodziński, A.M., Maliński, T. (2012). Morphological studies of pollen grains of the Polish endemic species of the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae). Biologia, 67(1), 87–96.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Janyszek, M., Jagodziński, A.M. (2010). Pollen morphology of selected Central European species from Vignea and Carex subgenera (Carex L., Cyperaceae) and its relation to taxonomy. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 164, 422–439.
Żuraw, B. (2007). Biological value and morphological traits of pollen of selected garlic species Allium L. Acta Agrobot., 60(1), 67–71.
Bogdanović, S., Brullo, S., Mitić, B., Salmeri, C. (2008). A new species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Dalmatia, Croatia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 158, 106–114.
Buchner, R., Weber, M., eds. (2000 onwards). Alllium L. PalDat – a palynological database (http://www.paldat.org).
Cabezudo, B., Pastor, J., Trigo M.M., Nieto Caldera, J.M. (1992). Observaciones sobre Allium rouyi Gautier. Acta Bot. Malac., 17, 123–126.
Camussi, A., Ottaviano, E., Caliński T., Kaczmarek, Z. (1985). Genetic distances based on quantitative traits. Genetics, 111, 945–962.
Davies, D. (1992). Alliums, the ornamental onions. BT Batsford Ltd., London.
Diez, M.J. (1987). Liliaceae. In: Atlas polinico de Andalucia, Valdes, B., Diez, M.J., Fernandez, I. (eds). Occidental Instituto de Desarrollo Regional Universidad de Sevilla y Excma Diputacion de Cadiz Sevilla, 379–395.
El-Gadi, A., Elkington, T.T. (1977). Numerical taxonomic studies on species in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. New Phytol., 79, 183–201.
El-Sadek, L., El-Gazaly, G., Ayvad M. (1994). Cytology and palynology of common monocots in Mariut Egypt 1. Common species of the families Alliaceae and Liliaceae. Quatar Univ. Si. J., 14(2), 270–280.
Erdtman, G. (1952). Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy, Angiosperms. Almquist and Wik-sell., Stockholm.
Erdtman, G. (1960). The acetolysis method. A revised description: Svensk. Bot. Tidskr., 54, 561–564.
Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N., Seybold, S. (2008). Zander Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart, Stuttgart.
Friesen, N. (2008). Die Gattung Allium – Taxonomisscher Überblick und wissenschaftliche Sammlung im Botanischen Garten der Universität Osnabrück. Osnabrücker Natruwiss. Mit-teil., 33/34, 95–110.
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M., Blattner, F.R. (2006). Phylogeny and new infrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso, 22, 372–395.
Fritsch, R.M. (1996). Neue Ergebnisse zur Taxonomie und Evolution von Allium L. In: Evolution und Taxonomie von pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen: Festschrift für Peter Hanelt. (Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen 4), Fritsch, R., Hammer, K. (eds). IGR/ZADI, Bonn, 19–46.
Fritsch, R.M., Friesen, N. (2002). Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. In: Evolution und Taxonomie von Pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen. Allium crop science – recent advances, Rab-inowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (eds). CABI Publishing, Oxon, 5–30.
GenStat. (2007). GenStat Release 10. Reference Manual Lawes Agricultural Trust, Rothamsted, UK.
Güler, Ü., Pehlivan, S. (2006). Pollen morphology of some species belonging to Codonoprasum and Allium sections of Allium (Liliaceae-Alliaceae) genus. Biologia, 61(4), 449–455.
Gurushidze, M., Mashayekhi, S., Blattner, F.R., Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. (2007). Phylogenetic relationships of wild and cultivated species of Allium section Cepa inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequence analysis. Plant Syst. Evol., 269, 259–269.
Halbritter, H. (1998). Preparing living pollen material for scanning electron microscopy using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and critical-point drying. Biotech. Histochem., 73, 137–143.
Halbritter, H., Hesse, M. (1993). Sulcus morphology in some monocot families. Grana, 32, 87–99.
Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Zetter, R., Weber, M., Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A., Ulrich S. (2009). Pollen terminology. An illustrated handbook. Springer, Vienna.
Kamenetsky, R., Rabinowitch, H.D. (2004). The genus Allium: A development and horticultural analysis. Hortic. Rev., 32, 329–390.
Koç, F. (2001). Investigation of pollen morphology of some endemic Allium in Turkey. PhD thesis. Institute of Science and Technology. Gazi University.
Kosenko, V.N., Kudryashova, G.L. (1995). Palynomorphology of the family Alliaceae. Bot. Zhurnal (st. Petersburg)., 80(6), 5–17.
Kupriyanova, L.A., Aliev, T.A. (1979). Palynological data in the systematics of the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae JG Agardh). Bot. Zh. (St. Petersburg), 64(9), 1273–1284.
Maassoumi, S.M., Kiani, S., Bareemizadeh, F., Ghasempour, H., Karimi, N., Shohani, F., Amiri, S. (2014). Pollen morphology of the genus Allium in comparison with genus Calochortus of or-der Liliales. Int. J. Biosci., 4(12), 237–243.
Mahalanobis, P.C. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, 12, 49–55.
Nair, P.K.K., Sharma, M. (1965). Pollen morphology of Liliaceae. J. Palynology, 1, 38–61.
Namin, H.H., Mehrvarz, S.S., Zarre, S., Fritsch, R.M. (2009). Pollen morphology of selected species of Allium (Alliaceae) distributed in Iran. Nordic J. Bot., 27(1), 54–60.
Neshati, F., Fritsch, R.M., Zarre, S. (2009). Pollen morphology of some Allium L. species (Alliaceae) from Iran. Bot. Jahrb. Systemat., 127(4), 433–451.
Ohri, D., Fritsch, R.M., Hanelt, P. (1998). Evolution of genome size in Allium L. (Alliaceae). Plant Syst. Evol., 210, 57–86.
Özhatay, N., Koçyiğit, M. (2009). Pollen morphology of Allium species (Lilliaceae) in European Turkey and around Istanbul. Phytol. Balcan., 15(2), 199–208.
Özler, H. (2001). Study of pollen morphology structures of some species that belong to Asparagus L., Allium L., Muscari Miller and Fritillaria L. PhD thesis. Inst. Sci. & Technology, Gazi Univ. (in Turkish).
Özler, H., Pehlivan, S. (2007). Comparison of pollen morphological structuresof some taxa be-longing to Asparagus L. and Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J. Bot., 36(2), 111–120.
Özler, H., Pehlivan, S. (2010). Pollen morphology of Allium L. (Lilliaceae) taxa in Turkey. Bang-ladesh J. Bot., 39(1), 37–46.
Pastor, J. (1981). Estudio palinologico del genero Allium en la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares. Bot. Macaronés., 8–9, 189–214.
Pich, U., Fritsch, R., Schubert, I. (1996). Closely related Allium species (Alliaceae) share a very similar satellite sequence. Plant Syst. Evol., 202, 255–264 Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 1431(2), 1–81.
Rabinowitch, H.D., Currah, L. (2002). Allium crop science: recent advances CABI Publishing, Oxon.
Radulescu, D. (1973). Recherches morpho-palynologiques sur la famille Liliaceae. Acta Bot. Horti. Bucur., 1972–73, 133–248.
Ricroch, A., Yockteng, R., Brown, S.C., Nadot, S. (2005). Evolution of genome size across some cultivated Allium species. Genome, 48, 511–520.
Shapiro, S.S., Wilk, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52, 591–611.
Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J. (1995). Biometry: The Principles and practice of statistics in biological research. W.H. Freeman, New York.
Tolgor, M. (1995). Pollen morphology of Allium and its taxonomic significance. J. Jilin Agricult. Univ., 17(1), 36–40.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Jagodziński, A.M. (2011). Systematic importance of pollen morphological features of selected species from the genus Rosa (Rosaceae). Plant Syst. Evol., 295(1–4), 55–72.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Bocianowski, J., Jagodziński, A.M. (2013). Comparison of pollen grain morphological features of selected species of the genus Crataegus L. (Rosaceae) and their spontaneous, interspecific hybrids. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 172, 555–571.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Jagodziński, A.M., Maliński, T. (2012). Morphological studies of pollen grains of the Polish endemic species of the genus Rubus L. (Rosaceae). Biologia, 67(1), 87–96.
Wrońska-Pilarek, D., Janyszek, M., Jagodziński, A.M. (2010). Pollen morphology of selected Central European species from Vignea and Carex subgenera (Carex L., Cyperaceae) and its relation to taxonomy. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 164, 422–439.
Żuraw, B. (2007). Biological value and morphological traits of pollen of selected garlic species Allium L. Acta Agrobot., 60(1), 67–71.
Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Heidemarie Halbritter
University of Vienna, Austria
University of Vienna, Austria
Agnieszka Krzymińska
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Leszek Bednorz
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Jan Bocianowski
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
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