THE EFFECT OF NO-PLOUGHING TILLAGE USING COVER CROPS ON PRIMARY WEED INFESTATION OF CARROT
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandElżbieta Patkowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandMirosław Konopiński
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandDariusz Wach
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandAbstract
In the era of sustainable agriculture, is looking for new unconventional methods to control weed infestation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of cover crop biomass and the manner and time of mixing it with the soil on primary weed infestation of carrot compared with the conventional plough cultivation without the use of cover crops. The cover crop plants modified the state and reduced the degree of primary weed infestation of carrot compared to cultivation without cover crops. White mustard was the most effective in reducing primary weed infestation of carrot in all variants of tillage. Phacelia, buckwheat and oat cover crops also limited largely the number of weeds in carrot. The largest number of weeds was recorded in no-cover crop cultivation in no-tillage objects
and those cultivated using subsoiler before winter, and cultivating in spring with aggregate. The largest reduction of primary weed infestation compared to conventional tillage was achieved in cultivation on ridges, with white mustard, phacelia or oats cover crops and weakest after vetch cover crop. In no-ploughing flat tillage system, lack of cover crop significantly increased the degree of weed infestation compared to conventional tillage, while the use of cover crops contributed to the reduction of primary weed infestation of carrot compared to cultivation without cover crops.
Keywords:
pre-winter, pre-sowing tillage, mulch, catch crops, allelopathyReferences
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Bhowmik, P.C., Inderjit, K. (2003). Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Prot., 22, 661–671.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2003). Zachwaszczenie cebuli w zredukowanym systemie uprawy roli. Acta Agrobot., 56(1–2), 135–148.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2004). Zachwaszczenie pierwotne marchwi w warunkach uprawy konserwującej. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 3(1), 165–174.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Kęsik, T., Konopiński, M. (2006). Influence of conservation tillage on weed infestation of onion. Acta Agroph., 7(4), 839–949.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Kęsik, T., Wach, D., Konopiński, M. (2008). The influence of conservation tillage on the mineral elements content in soil and chemical composition of onion. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 7(2), 61–72.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2009). The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch. Acta Agrobot., 62(1), 137–146.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2011). Effect of soil cultivation and intercrop plant growing upon weed infestation of spanish salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 10(2), 153–166.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2012). Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family. Folia Hort., 24/1, 21–32.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2013). Influence of cover crops and tillage on the total and differential porosity of podzolic soil. Int. Agrophysics, 27(3), 247–256.
Çakir, E. (2010). The benefits of conservation tillage and its applications in the world. In: selected problems of soil tillage systems and operations. Borowski et al. (ed.). Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences, Wema, 9, 4–10.
Dabney, S.M., Delgado, J.A., Reeves, D.W. (2001). Using winter cover crops to improve soil and water quality. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 32(7–8), 1221–1250.
Dobrzański, A. (2009). Biologiczne i agrotechniczne aspekty regulowania zachwaszczenia. Ekspertyza. AgEngPol, 24 pp.
Franczuk, J., Kosterna, E., Zaniewicz-Bajkowska, A. (2010). Weed-control effects on different types of cover-crop mulches. Acta Agric. Scandin., sec. B, Plant Soil Sci., 1651–1913, 60, 5, 472–479.
Gaskell, M., Smith, R. (2007). Nitrogen sources for organic vegetable crops. Hort Technol., 17,4, 431–441.
Golisz, A., Łata, B., Gawronski, S.W., Fujii, Y. (2007). Specific and total activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat. Weed Biol. Manage., 7, 164–171.
Haramoto, E.R., Gallandt, E.R. (2005). Brassica cover cropping: I. Effects on weed and crop establishment. Weed Sci., 53(5), 695–701.
Hoffbeck, C. (2008). Benefits of cover crops in no-till wheat stubble. Pion. Agron. Sci. Phii, Field Facts, 8, 13, 1–4.
Hruszka, M., Brzozowska, I. (2008). Skuteczność chemicznych i proekologicznych sposobów regulacji zachwaszczenia w zmianowaniu. Acta Agroph., 12(2), 347–355.
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S., Fujii, Y. (2003). Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics. Weed Sci., 51(5), 657–662.
Kaczmarek, S. (2009). Wykorzystanie potencjału allelopatycznego roślin w wybranych uprawach rolniczych Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 49, 1502–1511.
Kęsik, T., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (1994). Wpływ uproszczeń stosowanych w przedzimowej i wiosennej uprawie roli na zachwaszczenie roślin warzywnych. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Horticultura, 2, 23, 183–194.
Kęsik, T., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2010). Influence of conservation tillage in onion production on the soil organic matter content and soil aggregate formation. Int. Agroph., 24, 267–273.
Kęsik, T., Konopiński, M., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2006). Influence of plant mulch and prewinter soil tillage on physical properties of soil, emergence and yielding of onion. IX ESA Congress, 4–7 September, Warszawa, Poland. Bibl. Fragm. Agronom., 11/2, 545–546.
Kumar, V., Brainard, D.C., Bellinder, R.R. (2009). Effects of spring-sown cover crops on establishment and growth of hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) and four vegetable crops. HortSci., 44, 730–736..
Kupidłowska, E., Gniazdowska, A., Stępień, J., Corbineau, F., Vinel, D., Skoczowski, A., Janeczko, A., Bogatek, R. (2006). Impact of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts upon reserve mobilization and energy metabolism in germinating mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds. J. Chemic. Ecol., 32(12), 2569–2583.
Lazauskas, P., Pilipavičius, V. (2004). Weed control in organic agriculture by the two layer plough. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 19, 573–580.
Liebman, M., Davis, A.S. (2000). Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-externalinput farming systems. Weed Res. Oxford., 40(1), 27–48.
Macias, F.A., Mari, D., Oliveros-Bastidas, A., Varela, R.M., Simonet, A.M., Carrera, C., José, M., Mikanová, O., Šimon, T., Javůrek, M., Vach, M. (2012). Relationships between winter wheat yields and soil carbon under various tillage systems. Plant Soil Environ., 12, 540–544.
Macías, F.A., Marín, D., Oliveros-Bastidas, A., Varela, R.M., Simonet, A.M., Carrera, C., Molinillo, J.M. (2003). Allelopathy as a new strategy for sustainable ecosystems development. Biol. Sci. Space, 17(1), 18–23.
Parylak, D., Zawieja, J., Jędruszczak, M., Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dąbkowska, T., Snarska, K. (2006). Wykorzystanie zasiewów mieszanych, właściwości odmian lub zjawiska allelopatii w ograniczaniu zachwaszczenia. Progr. Plant Prot., 46(1), 33–44.
Patkowska, E., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2014). The microorganisms communities in the soil under the cultivation of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(1), 103–115.
Sosnoskie, L.M., Herms, C.P. Cardina, J. (2006). Weed seedbank community composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment. Weed Sci., 54, 2, 263–273.
Stokłosa, A., Hura, T., Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dąbkowska, T., Lepiarczyk, A. (2008). The influence of plant mulches on the content of phenolic compounds in soil and primary weed infestation of maize. Acta Agrobot., 61(2), 205–219.
Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dubert, F., Hochół, T., Hura, T., Lepiarczyk, A., Stokłosa, A. (2004). Możliwość wykorzystania allelopatycznych właściwości roślin do ograniczania zachwaszczenia. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 496, 343–355.
Wójcik-Wojtkowiak, D., Politycka, B., Weyman-Kaczmarkowa, W. (1998). Allelopatia. Wyd. AR w Poznaniu.
Zhang, G.S., Chan, K.Y., Oates, A., Heenan, D.P., Huang, G.B. (2007). Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24 years of conservation tillage. Soil Till. Res., 92, 122–128.
Zarzecka, K., Baranowska, A., Gugała, M. (2009). The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Acta Agrobot., 62(2), 231–240.
Anjum, T., Bajwa, R. (2008). Screening of sunflower varieties for their herbicidal potential against common weeds of wheat. J. Sust. Agric., 32(2), 213–229.
Anyszka, Z., Dobrzański, A., Kohut, M. (2010). Weed and celeriac response to mulch from cover crops. p. 275. In: 7th European Weed Res. Soc. Symposium. Kaposvar, 12–15.07., 337 pp.
Bhowmik, P.C., Inderjit, K. (2003). Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Prot., 22, 661–671.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2003). Zachwaszczenie cebuli w zredukowanym systemie uprawy roli. Acta Agrobot., 56(1–2), 135–148.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2004). Zachwaszczenie pierwotne marchwi w warunkach uprawy konserwującej. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 3(1), 165–174.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Kęsik, T., Konopiński, M. (2006). Influence of conservation tillage on weed infestation of onion. Acta Agroph., 7(4), 839–949.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Kęsik, T., Wach, D., Konopiński, M. (2008). The influence of conservation tillage on the mineral elements content in soil and chemical composition of onion. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 7(2), 61–72.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2009). The influence of intercrop plants and the date of their ploughing-in on weed infestation of root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch. Acta Agrobot., 62(1), 137–146.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2011). Effect of soil cultivation and intercrop plant growing upon weed infestation of spanish salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 10(2), 153–166.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2012). Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family. Folia Hort., 24/1, 21–32.
Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., Konopiński, M. (2013). Influence of cover crops and tillage on the total and differential porosity of podzolic soil. Int. Agrophysics, 27(3), 247–256.
Çakir, E. (2010). The benefits of conservation tillage and its applications in the world. In: selected problems of soil tillage systems and operations. Borowski et al. (ed.). Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw Univ. of Life Sciences, Wema, 9, 4–10.
Dabney, S.M., Delgado, J.A., Reeves, D.W. (2001). Using winter cover crops to improve soil and water quality. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 32(7–8), 1221–1250.
Dobrzański, A. (2009). Biologiczne i agrotechniczne aspekty regulowania zachwaszczenia. Ekspertyza. AgEngPol, 24 pp.
Franczuk, J., Kosterna, E., Zaniewicz-Bajkowska, A. (2010). Weed-control effects on different types of cover-crop mulches. Acta Agric. Scandin., sec. B, Plant Soil Sci., 1651–1913, 60, 5, 472–479.
Gaskell, M., Smith, R. (2007). Nitrogen sources for organic vegetable crops. Hort Technol., 17,4, 431–441.
Golisz, A., Łata, B., Gawronski, S.W., Fujii, Y. (2007). Specific and total activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat. Weed Biol. Manage., 7, 164–171.
Haramoto, E.R., Gallandt, E.R. (2005). Brassica cover cropping: I. Effects on weed and crop establishment. Weed Sci., 53(5), 695–701.
Hoffbeck, C. (2008). Benefits of cover crops in no-till wheat stubble. Pion. Agron. Sci. Phii, Field Facts, 8, 13, 1–4.
Hruszka, M., Brzozowska, I. (2008). Skuteczność chemicznych i proekologicznych sposobów regulacji zachwaszczenia w zmianowaniu. Acta Agroph., 12(2), 347–355.
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S., Fujii, Y. (2003). Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics. Weed Sci., 51(5), 657–662.
Kaczmarek, S. (2009). Wykorzystanie potencjału allelopatycznego roślin w wybranych uprawach rolniczych Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 49, 1502–1511.
Kęsik, T., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (1994). Wpływ uproszczeń stosowanych w przedzimowej i wiosennej uprawie roli na zachwaszczenie roślin warzywnych. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Horticultura, 2, 23, 183–194.
Kęsik, T., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2010). Influence of conservation tillage in onion production on the soil organic matter content and soil aggregate formation. Int. Agroph., 24, 267–273.
Kęsik, T., Konopiński, M., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2006). Influence of plant mulch and prewinter soil tillage on physical properties of soil, emergence and yielding of onion. IX ESA Congress, 4–7 September, Warszawa, Poland. Bibl. Fragm. Agronom., 11/2, 545–546.
Kumar, V., Brainard, D.C., Bellinder, R.R. (2009). Effects of spring-sown cover crops on establishment and growth of hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) and four vegetable crops. HortSci., 44, 730–736..
Kupidłowska, E., Gniazdowska, A., Stępień, J., Corbineau, F., Vinel, D., Skoczowski, A., Janeczko, A., Bogatek, R. (2006). Impact of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts upon reserve mobilization and energy metabolism in germinating mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds. J. Chemic. Ecol., 32(12), 2569–2583.
Lazauskas, P., Pilipavičius, V. (2004). Weed control in organic agriculture by the two layer plough. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 19, 573–580.
Liebman, M., Davis, A.S. (2000). Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-externalinput farming systems. Weed Res. Oxford., 40(1), 27–48.
Macias, F.A., Mari, D., Oliveros-Bastidas, A., Varela, R.M., Simonet, A.M., Carrera, C., José, M., Mikanová, O., Šimon, T., Javůrek, M., Vach, M. (2012). Relationships between winter wheat yields and soil carbon under various tillage systems. Plant Soil Environ., 12, 540–544.
Macías, F.A., Marín, D., Oliveros-Bastidas, A., Varela, R.M., Simonet, A.M., Carrera, C., Molinillo, J.M. (2003). Allelopathy as a new strategy for sustainable ecosystems development. Biol. Sci. Space, 17(1), 18–23.
Parylak, D., Zawieja, J., Jędruszczak, M., Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dąbkowska, T., Snarska, K. (2006). Wykorzystanie zasiewów mieszanych, właściwości odmian lub zjawiska allelopatii w ograniczaniu zachwaszczenia. Progr. Plant Prot., 46(1), 33–44.
Patkowska, E., Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. (2014). The microorganisms communities in the soil under the cultivation of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(1), 103–115.
Sosnoskie, L.M., Herms, C.P. Cardina, J. (2006). Weed seedbank community composition in a 35-yr-old tillage and rotation experiment. Weed Sci., 54, 2, 263–273.
Stokłosa, A., Hura, T., Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dąbkowska, T., Lepiarczyk, A. (2008). The influence of plant mulches on the content of phenolic compounds in soil and primary weed infestation of maize. Acta Agrobot., 61(2), 205–219.
Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz, E., Dubert, F., Hochół, T., Hura, T., Lepiarczyk, A., Stokłosa, A. (2004). Możliwość wykorzystania allelopatycznych właściwości roślin do ograniczania zachwaszczenia. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 496, 343–355.
Wójcik-Wojtkowiak, D., Politycka, B., Weyman-Kaczmarkowa, W. (1998). Allelopatia. Wyd. AR w Poznaniu.
Zhang, G.S., Chan, K.Y., Oates, A., Heenan, D.P., Huang, G.B. (2007). Relationship between soil structure and runoff/soil loss after 24 years of conservation tillage. Soil Till. Res., 92, 122–128.
Zarzecka, K., Baranowska, A., Gugała, M. (2009). The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Acta Agrobot., 62(2), 231–240.
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
Elżbieta Patkowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
Mirosław Konopiński
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
Dariusz Wach
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
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