ETHANOL PRIMING: AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT BY IMPROVING ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN TOMATO SEEDS
Irfan Afzal
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanFahad Munir
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanChaudhry Muhammad Ayub
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanShahzad Maqsood Ahmad Basra
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanAmjad Hameed
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road Faisalabad, PakistanFawad Shah
Commodity Inspection Division, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA-98902, USAAbstract
Tomatoes reportedly have a positive response to seed priming. The present study evaluates the effects of ethanol priming on germination, seedling vigour and antioxidative responses of tomato seeds. Priming was achieved by exposing seeds of ‘Roma’ and ‘Nagina’ to 2, 4 and 6% aerated ethanol solutions for 24 h. Priming with low levels (2 and 4%) of ethanol improved seed germination, seedling vigour and enhanced antioxidative activity that results in better performance of tomato seeds. However, priming with 6% ethanol failed to improve seed germination and seedling development which relates to the decreased anti-oxidative activity in tomato seeds due to high ethanol level.
Keywords:
seed priming, dormancy, Lycopersicon esculentum, antioxidant enzymes, seedling developmentReferences
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Afzal I., Basra S.M.A., Shahid M., Farooq M., Saleem M., 2008. Priming enhances germination of spring maize (Zeamays L.) under cool conditions. Seed Sci. Tech. 36, 497–503.
Afzal I., Hussain B., Basra S.M.A., H. Rehman., 2012. Priming with MLE reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize. Seed Sci. Tech. 40, 271–276.
Association Of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA), 1983. Seed vigour Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the handbook on Seed Testing. Association of Official Seed Analysis. Springfield, IL.
Bailly C., Benamar A., Corbineau F., Côme D., 1998. Free radical scavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiol Plant.104, 646–652.
Bailly C., Benamar A., Corbineau F., Côme D., 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Tech. 10, 35–42.
Bailly C., Bogatek-Leszczynska R., Côme D., Corbineau F., 2002. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigour. Seed Sci. Res.12, 47–55.
Bewley J.D., Black M., 1982. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination. Vol. 2, Viability, dormancy and environmental control. New York, Springer-Verlag.
Bradford M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann. Biochem. 72, 248–254.
Bradford K.J., 1986. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortSci. 21, 1105–1112.
Bray C.M., Davision P.A., Ashraf M., Taylor R.M., 1989. Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Ann. Bot. 36, 185–193.
Chiu K.Y., Chen C.L., Sung J.M., 2002. Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Sci. 42, 1996–2003.
Cohn M.A., Jones K.L, Chiles L.A., Church D.F., 1989. Seed dormancy in red rice. 7. Structure activity studies of germination stimulants. Plant Physiol. 89, 879–882.
Coolbear P., Francis A., Grierson D., 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 35, 1609–1617.
Crawford R.M.M., 1977. Tolerance of anoxia and ethanol metabolism in germinating seeds. New Phytol. 79, 511–517.
Dixit V., Pandey V., Shyam R., 2001. Differential antioxidative response to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea. J. Exp. Bot.52, 1101–109.
Ellis R.A., Roberts R.H., 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 9, 373–409.
Gallardo K., Job C., Groot S.P.C., Puype M., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Job D., 2001. Proteomic analysis of arabidopsisseed germination and priming. Plant Physiol. 126, 835–848.
Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K., 1977. Superoxide Dismutases occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59, 309–314.
Giovannucci E., 1999. Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J. National Cancer Inst. 91, 317–331.
Hallett B.P., Bewley D., 2002. Membranes and seed dormancy: beyond the anaesthetic hypothesis. Seed Sci. Res.12, 69–82.
Liu Y.Q., Bino R.J., Vanderburg W.J., Groot S.P.C., Hilhorst H.W.M., 1996. Effects of osmotic priming on dormancy and storability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) seeds. Seed Sci. Res.6, 49–55.
Mavi K., Ermis S., Demir I., 2006. The effect of priming on tomato rootstock seeds in relation to seedling growth. Asian J. Plant Sci.5, 940–947.
McDonald M.B., 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Tech.27, 177–237.
Powell A.A., Yule L.J., Jingh H.C., Groot S.P.C., 2000. The influence of aerated hydration seed treatment on seed longevity as assessed by the viability equation. J. Exp. Bot. 51, 2031–2043.
Ramirez-Rosales G., Bennett M.A., Mcdonald M.B., Francis D., 2004. Effect of fruit development on the germination and vigour of high lycopene tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Seed Sci. Tech. 32, 847–855.
Siadat S.A., Moosavi A., ZadehM.S., 2012. Effects of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of maize seeds under different ageing treatment. Res. J. Seed Sci. 5, 51–62.
Taylor A.G., Allenbennett M.A., Bradford K.J., Burris J.S., Misra M.K., 1998. Seed enhancement. Seed Sci. Res. 8, 245–256.
Taylorson R.B., Hendricks S.B., 1979. Overcoming dormancy in seeds with ethanol and other anesthetics. Planta 145, 507–510.
Taylorson R.B., Hendricks S.B., 1980/81. Anesthetic release of seed dormancy-an overview. Israel J. Bot. 29, 273–280.
Tonucci L.H., Holden J.M., Beecher G.R., Khachik F., Davis C.S., Mulokozi G., 1995. Carotenoid content of thermally processed tomato-based food products. J. Agricult. Food Chem.43, 579–586.
Wilcox J.K., Catignani G.L., Lazarus C., 2003. Tomatoes and cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 43, 1–18.
Afzal I., Basra S.M.A., Shahid M., Farooq M., Saleem M., 2008. Priming enhances germination of spring maize (Zeamays L.) under cool conditions. Seed Sci. Tech. 36, 497–503.
Afzal I., Hussain B., Basra S.M.A., H. Rehman., 2012. Priming with MLE reduces imbibitional chilling injury in spring maize. Seed Sci. Tech. 40, 271–276.
Association Of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA), 1983. Seed vigour Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the handbook on Seed Testing. Association of Official Seed Analysis. Springfield, IL.
Bailly C., Benamar A., Corbineau F., Côme D., 1998. Free radical scavenging as affected by accelerated ageing and subsequent priming in sunflower seeds. Physiol Plant.104, 646–652.
Bailly C., Benamar A., Corbineau F., Côme D., 2000. Antioxidant systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as affected by priming. Seed Sci. Tech. 10, 35–42.
Bailly C., Bogatek-Leszczynska R., Côme D., Corbineau F., 2002. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigour. Seed Sci. Res.12, 47–55.
Bewley J.D., Black M., 1982. Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination. Vol. 2, Viability, dormancy and environmental control. New York, Springer-Verlag.
Bradford M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Ann. Biochem. 72, 248–254.
Bradford K.J., 1986. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortSci. 21, 1105–1112.
Bray C.M., Davision P.A., Ashraf M., Taylor R.M., 1989. Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Ann. Bot. 36, 185–193.
Chiu K.Y., Chen C.L., Sung J.M., 2002. Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Sci. 42, 1996–2003.
Cohn M.A., Jones K.L, Chiles L.A., Church D.F., 1989. Seed dormancy in red rice. 7. Structure activity studies of germination stimulants. Plant Physiol. 89, 879–882.
Coolbear P., Francis A., Grierson D., 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 35, 1609–1617.
Crawford R.M.M., 1977. Tolerance of anoxia and ethanol metabolism in germinating seeds. New Phytol. 79, 511–517.
Dixit V., Pandey V., Shyam R., 2001. Differential antioxidative response to cadmium in roots and leaves of pea. J. Exp. Bot.52, 1101–109.
Ellis R.A., Roberts R.H., 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 9, 373–409.
Gallardo K., Job C., Groot S.P.C., Puype M., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Job D., 2001. Proteomic analysis of arabidopsisseed germination and priming. Plant Physiol. 126, 835–848.
Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K., 1977. Superoxide Dismutases occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 59, 309–314.
Giovannucci E., 1999. Tomatoes, tomato-based products, lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J. National Cancer Inst. 91, 317–331.
Hallett B.P., Bewley D., 2002. Membranes and seed dormancy: beyond the anaesthetic hypothesis. Seed Sci. Res.12, 69–82.
Liu Y.Q., Bino R.J., Vanderburg W.J., Groot S.P.C., Hilhorst H.W.M., 1996. Effects of osmotic priming on dormancy and storability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) seeds. Seed Sci. Res.6, 49–55.
Mavi K., Ermis S., Demir I., 2006. The effect of priming on tomato rootstock seeds in relation to seedling growth. Asian J. Plant Sci.5, 940–947.
McDonald M.B., 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sci. Tech.27, 177–237.
Powell A.A., Yule L.J., Jingh H.C., Groot S.P.C., 2000. The influence of aerated hydration seed treatment on seed longevity as assessed by the viability equation. J. Exp. Bot. 51, 2031–2043.
Ramirez-Rosales G., Bennett M.A., Mcdonald M.B., Francis D., 2004. Effect of fruit development on the germination and vigour of high lycopene tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Seed Sci. Tech. 32, 847–855.
Siadat S.A., Moosavi A., ZadehM.S., 2012. Effects of seed priming on antioxidant activity and germination characteristics of maize seeds under different ageing treatment. Res. J. Seed Sci. 5, 51–62.
Taylor A.G., Allenbennett M.A., Bradford K.J., Burris J.S., Misra M.K., 1998. Seed enhancement. Seed Sci. Res. 8, 245–256.
Taylorson R.B., Hendricks S.B., 1979. Overcoming dormancy in seeds with ethanol and other anesthetics. Planta 145, 507–510.
Taylorson R.B., Hendricks S.B., 1980/81. Anesthetic release of seed dormancy-an overview. Israel J. Bot. 29, 273–280.
Tonucci L.H., Holden J.M., Beecher G.R., Khachik F., Davis C.S., Mulokozi G., 1995. Carotenoid content of thermally processed tomato-based food products. J. Agricult. Food Chem.43, 579–586.
Wilcox J.K., Catignani G.L., Lazarus C., 2003. Tomatoes and cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 43, 1–18.
Irfan Afzal
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Fahad Munir
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Chaudhry Muhammad Ayub
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Shahzad Maqsood Ahmad Basra
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Amjad Hameed
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road Faisalabad, Pakistan
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Jhang Road Faisalabad, Pakistan
Fawad Shah
Commodity Inspection Division, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA-98902, USA
Commodity Inspection Division, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA-98902, USA
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