CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOXTAIL LILY (Eremurus spectabilis)
Murat Tosun
Ataturk University, Oltu Vocational School, 25800 Oltu, Erzurum, TurkeySezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyHakan Ozer
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyMetin Turan
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyTaskin Polat
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyErdogan Ozturk
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, TurkeyHuseyin Padem
International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Department of Genetics, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaHasan Kilicgun
Erzincan University School of Health, 24200, Erzincan, TurkeyAbstract
Eremurus spectabilis is used as a vegetable in Turkey, especially in Eastern Anatolia region. In this study, eight E. spectabilis from different growing areas have been
analyzed for its nutrition value and antioxidant properties. The results showed that there were significant differences among samples in terms of all above parameters. The mean values of the parameters investigated were 86.62–91.35% for water content, 4.78–5.15 for pH; 0.42–0.70% for acidity, and 0.61–1.11% for ash content. The antioxidant activity tests evaluated by using 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays indicated that the extracts of E. spectabilis samples had high antioxidant capacity. In the DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems, average values were 73.69 μg extract . ml-1 and 94.56%, respectively. The average amount of total phenolics in samples was 223 mg GAE . 100 g-1 FW. Protein, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu contents
of E. spectabilis species were found higher than in some other commonly used vegetables. The results suggest that E. spectabilis could be a valuable source of antioxidants, phenolics and minerals.
Keywords:
Eremurus spectabilis, foxtail lily, antioxidant activity, chemical contentReferences
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Baytop T., 1984. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. I.U. Yayinlari No:3255, Eczacilik Fak. No:40, 444 s. (in Turkish).
Bilgir B., 1982. Investigation on some wild weed species (Cnicus benedictus L., Geranium 249 ssp., Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb.) Desv., Rumex ssp., Portulaca oleracea L.) consumed as nutrient for human in Aegean Region. Aegean University, Agric. Faculty Pub. 19, 11–26.
Block G., Patterson B., 1992. Fruits, vegetables and cancer prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr. Cancer. 18, 1–29.
Bremner J.M., 1996. Nitrogen-Total. p. 1085–1122. [In:] D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. SSSA Book Ser. No. 5. SSSA, Madison, WI.
Burits M., Bucar F., 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother. Res. 14, 323–328.
Cao G., Sofic E.R., Prior R.L., 1996. Antioxidant capacity of tea and common vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 3426–3431.
Chu Y., 2000. Flavonoid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant activity. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80, 561–566.
Frank A.L., 1975. Basic Food Chemistry. The Avi Publishing Company Inc., Westport.
Freiberger C.E., Vanderjagt D.J., Pastuzyn A., Glew R.S., Mounkaila G., Millson M., Glew R.H., 1998. Nutrient content of edible leaves seven wild plants from Niger. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 53, 57–69.
Gungor F., 2002. Investigations on the morphological, biological characteristics and cultivation possibilities of Eremurus spectabilis, Prangos ferulacea and Hippomarathrum microcarpum as growing wildly. PhD Dissertation Thesis. Ataturk University, p. 207.
Halliwell B., 1992. The role of oxygen radicals in human disease, with particular reference to the vascular system. Haemostasis. 23 (Suppl 1), 118–126.
Halvorsen B.L., Holte K., Myhrstad M.C.W., Barikmo I., Hvattum E., Remberg S.F., Wold A.B., Haffner K., Baugerod H., Andersen L.F., Moskaug J.O., Jacobs D.R., Blomhoff R., 2002. A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants. J. Nutr. 132, 461–471.
Huang Z., Wang B., Eaves D.H., Shikany J.M., Ralphenia P.D., 2007. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of indigenous vegetables in the southeast United States: Alabama Collaboration for Cardiovascular Equality Project, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 60, 100–108.
Jayaprakasha G.K., Singh R.P., Sakariah K.K., 2001. Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro. Food Chem. 73, 285–290.
Kemenetsky R., Akhmetova M., 1994. Floral development of Eremurus altiacus (Liliaceae). Isr. J. Plant Sci. 42, 227–233.
Khader V., Rama S., 1998. Selected mineral content of common leafy vegetables consumed in India at different stages of maturity. Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 53, 71–81.
Koleva I.I., Van Beek T.A., Linssen J.P.H., De Groot A., Evstatieva L.N., 2002. Screening plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochem. Analysis. 13, 8–17.
Marinova D., Ribarova F., Atanassova M., 2005. Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. J. Univ. Chem. Technol Metall. 40, 255–260.
Mertz W., 1982. Trace minerals and atherosclerosis. Fed. Proc. 41, 2807–2812.
Mertens D., 2005a. AOAC Official Method 922.02. Plants Preparation of Laboratuary Sample. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Horwitz, W., and G.W. Latimer, (Eds). Chapter 3, AOAC-International Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland, USA. pp. 1–2.
Mertens D., 2005b. AOAC Official Method 975.03. Metal in Plants and Pet Foods. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Horwitz, W., and G.W. Latimer, (Eds). Chapter 3, AOACInternational Suite 500, 481. North Frederick Avenue, Gaitherburg, Maryland, USA. pp. 3–4.
Ness A.R., Powles J.W., 1997. Fruit and vegetables and cardiovascular disease: a review. Int. J. Epidemiol. 26, 1–13.
Oke J.M., Hamburger M.O., 2002. Screening of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical, Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 5, 77–79.
Schuler P., 1990. Natural antioxidants exploited commercially, In Food Antioxidants, Hudson B.J.F. (ed.). Elsevier, London, pp. 99–170.
Singleton V.L., Rossi J.L., 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic–phosphotungstic acid reagents. Amer. J. Enol. Viticult. 16, 144–158.
Slinkard K., Singleton V.L., 1977. Total phenol analyses: automation and comparison with manual methods. Amer. J. Enol. Viticult. 28, 49–55.
Soares J.R., Dinis T.C., Cunhua A.P., Ameida L.M., 1997. Antioxidant activities of some extracts of Thymus. Free Radical Res. 26, 469–478.
Splittstoesser W.E., 1990. Vegetable growing handbook. Westport: Avi Publishing Company Inc.
Turan M., Kordali S., Zengin H., Sezan Y., 2003. Macro and micro mineral content of some wild edible leaves consumed in Eastern Anatolia. Acta Agr. Scand. B. 53, 129–137.
Tuzlaci E., 1985. Foxtail lily of Turkey. J. Pharma. Faculty of Marmara University. 1, 68–89.
Wandelbo P., 1982. Liliaceae, 1-Asphodeloideae: Eremurus in K.H. Rechinger’s ‘Flora Iranica’, No:151, Graz, Austria p. 6–30.
www.healthalternatives2000.com/minerals-nutrition-chart.html.
Yildirim E., Dursun A., Turan M., 2001. Determination of nutrition contents of the wild plants used as vegetables in upper Çoruh Valley. Turk. J. Bot. 25, 367.
Murat Tosun
Ataturk University, Oltu Vocational School, 25800 Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Oltu Vocational School, 25800 Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey
Sezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Hakan Ozer
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Metin Turan
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Soil Science, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Taskin Polat
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Erdogan Ozturk
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crops, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Huseyin Padem
International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Department of Genetics, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Department of Genetics, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hasan Kilicgun
Erzincan University School of Health, 24200, Erzincan, Turkey
Erzincan University School of Health, 24200, Erzincan, Turkey
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