A METHOD OF EARLY SELECTION OF CUCUMBER GENOTYPES INSENSITIVE TO CHILLING BASED ON DATA MINING
Hanna Bandurska
Poznań University of Life SciencesJolanta Krzyszkowska
Poznań University of Life SciencesKrzysztof Moliński
Poznań University of Life SciencesMałgorzata Zielezińska
Poznań University of Life SciencesAbstract
The paper presents a procedure to identify promising, chilling-insensitive cucumber genotypes from a pool of 55 breeding lines. Selected genotypes may constitute
valuable material in further selection of high-yielding cultivars in moderate climate. The approach is based on determining nitrate (NO3–) content, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and chlorophyll content (Chl) in cotyledons of cucumbers grown at 12oC. These observations were then used to develop a simple algorithm, which facilitates the ordering of genotypes according to their chilling sensitivity by assigning them ranks on the basis of quartile values (from 1 to 4) of determined traits. From the examined collection, 14 least chilling-sensitive genotypes were selected, i.e. their selection for further breeding carries the lowest risk. Low chilling sensitivity of the above mentioned 14 cucumber genotypes was manifested by high Chl levels and high NRA as well as high NO3– contents, i.e. the sum
of quartile ranks ranged from 10 to 12, at a maximum of 12. Then cluster analysis was applied to select genotypes, which possess desirable levels of tested traits. Cluster analysis showed that at the division into two and into three subsets all the 14 genotypes considered promising were found within the same cluster, when these genotypes were divided into more subsets, 13 out of the 14 best genotypes were found in one cluster. The presented method may be used to select the least chilling-sensitive cucumber genotypes also from other collections. Knowing the quartile values calculated on the basis of presented results, the rank of new genotypes characterizing their chilling sensitivity may be estimated, provided that experiments are carried out under conditions similar to those used in this study.
Otherwise the application of this algorithm has to be preceded by an in-depth explorative analysis and the determination of new quartile values for the analyzed traits.
Keywords:
cluster analysis, chlorophyll, cotyledones, nitrates, nitrate reductase, quartile valuesReferences
Becker W.M., Leaver Ch.J., Weir E.M., Riezman H. 1978. Regulation of glyoxysomal enzymes during germination of cucumber. I. Developmental changes in cotyledonary protein, RNA, and enzymes activities during germination. Plant Physiol. 62, 542–549.
Bakker N., van Hasselt Ph.R., 1982. Photooxidative inhibition of nitrate reductase during chilling. Physiol. Plant., 54, 414–418.
Bergareche C., Ayuso R., Masgrau C., Simon E., 1994. Nitrate reductase in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings as affected by nitrate, phytochrome and calcium. Physiol. Plant., 91, 257–262.
Bisognin D.A., Velasquez L., Widders I., 2005. Cucumber seedling dependence on cotyledonary leaves for early growth. Pesquisa Agropecuria Brasileira, Brasilia, 40, 531–539.
Cataldo D.A., Haroon M., Schrader L.E., Youngs, V.L., 1975. Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 6, 71–80.
Feng Z., Guo A., Feng Z., 2003. Amelioration of chilling stress by triadimefon in cucumber seedlings. Plant Growth Regul., 39, 277–283.
Feller U., Anders I., Mae T., 2007. Rubiscolytics: fate of Rubisco after its enzymatic function in a cell is terminated. J. Exp. Botany, 59, 1615–1624.
Hiscox J.D., Israelstam G.F., 1979. A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Botany, 57, 1332–1334.
Hoff T., Strummann B.M., Henningsen K.W., 1992. Structure, function and regulation of nitrate reductase in higher plants. Physiol. Plant., 84, 616–624.
Imai K., Suzuki Y., Mae T., Makino A., 2008. Changes in synthesis of rubisco in rice leaves in relation to senescence and N influx. Ann. Botany, 101, 135–144.
Ingestd T., 1972. Mineral nutrient requirements of cucumber seedlings. Plant Physiol., 52, 332–338.
Jaworski E.G., 1971. Nitrate reductase assay in intact tissues. Biochem. Biophysical. Res. Commun., 43, 1274–1279.
Jobson J.D., 1992. Applied Multivariate Date Analysis, Vol. II: Categorical and Multivariate Methods. Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc.
Kang H.M., Park K.W., Saltveit M.E., 2005. Chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedling radicles is affected by radicle length, seedling vigor, and induced osmotic and heatshock proteins. Physiol. Plant., 124, 485–492.
Kozak M., Bocianowski J., Rybiński W., 2008. Selection of promising genotypes based on path and cluster analyses. J. Agric. Sci., 146, 85–92.
Larose D.T., 2005. Discovering knowledge in data. An introduction to data mining. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Lasley S.E., Garber M.P., 1978. Photosynthetic contribution of cotyledons to early development of cucumber. HortScience, 13, 191–193.
Lynos J.M., 1973. Chilling injury in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 24, 445–466.
Martin T., Oswald O., Graham I.A., 2002. Arabidopsis seedling growth, storage lipid mobilization, and photosynthetic gene expression are regulated by carbon: nitrogen availability. Plant Physiol., 128, 472–481.
Moran R., Vernon L.P., Porath D., Arzee T., 1990. Developmental stages of cucumber seedlings. Plant Physiol., 92, 1075–1080.
Morrison D.F., 1976. Multivariate statistical methods, McGraw-Hill, Book Company.
Rab A., Saltveit M.E., 1996. Differential chilling sensitivity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings. Physiol. Plant., 96, 375–382.
Rajasekhar V.K., Oelmüller R., 1987. Regulation of induction of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in higher plants. Physiol. Plant., 71, 517–521.
Saltveit M.F., Morris L.L., 1990. Overview of chilling injury of horticultural crops. In. Chilling injury of horticultural crops. (ed. C.Y. Wang), pp. 3–15, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Tewari A.K., Tripathy B.Ch., 1998. Temperature-stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll biosynthetic reactions in cucumber and wheat. Plant Physiol., 117, 851–856.
Van Hasselt P.R., 1972. Photooxidation of leaf pigments in Cucumis leaf discs during chilling. Acta Botanica. Neerlandica, 21, 539–543.
Wellburn A.R., 1994. The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J. Plant Physiol., 144, 307–313.
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
