THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GARDEN ROCKET (Eruca sativa Mill.) IN AUTUMN CULTIVATION
Renata Nurzyńska
Agricultural University in LublinAbstract
A vegetation experiment was conducted in 2001–2002 in an unheated greenhouse on the effect of differentiated nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of garden rocket. Nitrogen was used in three forms, i.e. lime saltpeter, urea and ammonium sulphate, and in three doses: 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 N.dm-3 (2001) and 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 g N.dm-3 (2002). The plants’ growth, yield and content of nutrients were evaluated and an chemical analysis of the substrate after the harvest was conducted. The studies pointed out a possibility of cultivating garden rocket in autumn in an unheated greenhouse. A higher yield of fresh weight was obtained in the treatments with lime saltpetre and urea as compared with ammonium sulphate. Increased doses of nitrogen, independently of the kind of the applied fertilizer, caused a decrease of the yield of rocket fresh weight. The studied plants of garden rocket were characterized by a high content of dry matter, vitamin C, protein, potassium and calcium. The content of nitrates in the dry matter of leaves was within the range 0.02–0.98%, depending on nitrogen dose and the year of studies. The application of 0.2–0.25 g N.dm-3 of the substrate in the autumn cultivation of rocket proved to be the most advantageous in view of the highest yield of fresh weight, the highest content of vitamin C and the lowest proportion of nitrates in the leaf dry weight.
Keywords:
garden rocket, nitrogen fertilization, yield, chemical composition of leavesReferences
Borkowski J., Bereśniewicz A., 1991. Wpływ terminu uprawy i nawożenia na plon kapusty pekińskiej oraz zawartość azotanów i innych składników. Biul. Warz. 37, IW Skierniewice, 1–13.
Borowski E., 1995. Reakcja pomidora na żywienie N-NO3 lub N-NH4 stosowane w piasku, glebie gliniastej i substracie glebowym. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Ogrodnictwo, vol. III, 14, 111–118.
Burns I. G., Lee A., Escobar-Gutiérrez, 2002. Nitrate accumulation in protected lettuce. Acta Hort. 633, 120–124.
Chen B. M., Wang Z.H., Li S. X., Wang G. X., Song H. X., Wang X. N., 2004. Effects of nitrate supply on plant growth, nitrate accumulation, metabolic concentration and nitrate reductase activity in three leafy vegetables. Plant Sci. 167, 635–643.
Custic M., Poljak M., Coga L., Cosic T., Toth N., Pecina M., 2003. The influence of organic and mineral fertilization on nutrient status, nitrate accumulation and yield of head chicory. Plant Soil Environ. 49, 5, 218–222.
Carranca C., Soares da Silna A., Fernandes M., Varela J., 2001. N fertilizer use efficiency by spinach grown under Portugues field. Acta Hort. 563, 67–72.
Ceylan N., Mordogan N., Cakici H., Yioldas F., 2002. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the yield and nitrogen accumulation in the rocket. Asian J. Plant Sci. 1, 4, 482–483.
Dapoigny L., de Tourdonnet S., Estrade J. R., jeuffroy M. H., Fleury A., 2000. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), under various conditions of radiation and temperature. Agron. 20, 843–855.
Francke A., 2004. Plonowanie rokietty siewnej (Eruca sativa L. DC.) w zależności od terminu uprawy i rodzaju gleby. Folia Univ. Agric. Stetin., Agricultura 239, 95, 81–86.
Frąszczak B., Knaflewski M., 2004. Effect of light conditions on yield and quality of garden rocket (Eruca sativa Lam.) and garden chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium L. Hoffm.). Rocz. AR Pozn. 360, Ogrodn. 38, 23–30.
Golcz A., Kozik E., 2004. Effect of several agrotechnical factors on vitamin C content in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Rocz. AR Pozn. 356, Ogrodn. 37, 67–74.
Government Regulations and Laws Gazette, 2003, No 37, point 326, Warszawa [Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dn. 13 stycznia 2003 r. w sprawie maksymalnych poziomów zanieczyszczeń chemicznych i biologicznych, które mogą znajdować się w żywności, składnikach żywności, dozwolonych substancjach dodatkowych, substancjach pomagających w przetwarzaniu albo na powierzchni żywności. Dz. U. Nr 37, poz. 326, zał. 2].
Jaworska G., Kmiecik W., 1999. Content of selected mineral compounds, nitrates III and V, and oxalates in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia expansa Murr.) from spring and autumn growing seasons. EJPAU vol. 2, issue 2, www.ejpau.media.pl.
Kozik E., Gleń B., 1995. Wpływ poziomu i formy azotu na zawartość azotanów w sałacie (Lactuca sativa L.). Mat. Konf. „Nauka Praktyce Ogrodniczej”, Lublin, 699–702.
Kozik E., Ruprik B., 2000. Skład chemiczny sałaty uprawianej w różnych podłożach przy wzrastającym nawożeniu azotem. Rocz. AR Pozna 323, Ogrodn. 31, 1, 351–355.
Michalik H., Bąkowski J., Czapki J., Szwonek E., Szmidt B., 1980. Wpływ nawożenia azotem na zawartość azotanów i azotynów w marchwi, sałacie i szpinaku. Rocz. PZH 5, 471–478.
Michałojć Z., 2000. Wpływ nawożenia azotem i potasem oraz terminu uprawy na plonowanie i skład chemiczny sałaty, rzodkiewki oraz szpinaku. Rozp. Nauk. AR 238, Lublin.
Nicola S., Hoeberechts J., Fontana E., Saglietti D., 2003. Cultural technique influences on postharvest quality of rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.). Quality in Chains, Wageningen, www.agroselviter.unito.it/hortsci/Poster/2003QUI.
Nurzyńska-Wierdak R., 2001. Yielding of garden rocket (Eruca sativa) in dependence on differentiated nitrogen fertilization. VCRB 54, 71–76.
Rożek S., 2000. Czynniki wpływające na akumulację azotanów w plonie warzyw. Zesz. Nauk. AR Kraków 364, 19–31.
Rożek S., Sady W., Leja M., Myczkowski J., 1994. The effect of fertilization with different forms of nitrogen on greenhouse lettuce quality and its changes during storage. II. Nitrate and nitrite content. Folia Hort. Ann. VI/1, 53–62.
Sady W., 2000. Nawożenie warzyw polowych. Plantpress Kraków.
Sady W., Rożek W., Myczkowski J., 1995. Effect of different form sof nitrogen on the quality of lettuce yield. Acta Hort. 401, 409–416.
Santamaria P., Elia A., 1997. Producing nitrate-free endive heads: Effect of nitrogen form on growth, yield and ion composition of endive. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122, 1, 140–145.
Santamaria P., Elia A., Papa G., Serio F., 1998. Nitrate and ammonium nutrition in chicory and rocket salad plants. J. Plant. Nutr. 21, 9, 1779–1789.
Santamaria P., Elia A., Serio F., Todaro E., 1999a. A survey of nitrate and oxalate content in fresh vegetables. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79, 13, 1882–1888.
Santamaria P., Elia A., Serio F., Gonella M., Parente A., 1999b. Comparision between nitrate and ammonium nutrition in fennel, celery and Swiss chard. J. Plant Nutr. 22, 7, 1091–1106.
Santamaria P., Elia A., Serio F., 2002. Effect of solution nitrogen concentration on yield, leaf element content, and water and nitrogen use efficiency of three hydroponically-grown rocket salad genotypes. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 2, 245–258.
Stępowska A., Michalik H., 1996. Wpływ warunków uprawy na zawartość azotanów w sałacie masłowej (Lactuca sativa L.) pod osłonami. Now. Warz. 29, 20–25.
Agricultural University in Lublin
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
