EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON CA CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF APPLES
Jan M. Ben
Agricultural Univwersity of CracowMałgorzata Koszorz
Agricultural Univwersity of CracowAbstract
In the years 1998–2000 an investigation was carried out on ‘Jonagold’ apples harvested from 6-year old trees grafted on M.9, M.26, P 2, P 22 and P 60. In 1998 and 1999 the average calcium content in fruit was significantly higher than in 2000. The highest calcium was observed in the peel of apples, in each of the year. The effect of the rootstock on the level of calcium in the calyx, core and pedicle part of apples changed, depending on the vegetation season. In each year of the experiment the strongly dwarfing rootstock P 22 had the smallest share in the accumulation of calcium in the different parts of apples.
Keywords:
rootstock, Jonica cultivar, calcium content, part of appleReferences
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Lang A., 1990. Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing apple fruits. J. Exp. Bot. 41, 645–503.
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Palmer J.W., Lai Y.L., Edjamo Y., 1991. Effect of part-tree thinning on fruiting, vegetative growth, and leaf photosynthesis in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple. J. Hort. Sci. 66, 319–325.
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Shear C.B., 1980. Interaction of nutrition and environment on mineral composition of fruits. [In:] Atkinson D., J.E. Jackson, R.O Sharples and W.M Waller (eds). Mineral nutrition of fruit trees. Butterworths, London, 41–50.
Tromp J., 1979. Influence de la temperature sur la croissance de la pomme et sa composition chinique. Le Fruit Belge 388, 283–298.
Tukey L.D., 1993. Rootstock effects on apple tree growth and fruiting. Research Report for 1992.
Walter H., Lieth H., 1970. Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Jena.
Webster D.H., 1981. Mineral composition of apple fruits. Relationships between and within peel, cortex, and whole fruit samples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 61, 73–83.
Zavalloni C., Marangoni B., Tagliavini M., Scudellari D., 2001. Dynamics of uptake of calcium, potassium and magnesium into apple fruit in a high-density planting. Acta Hort. 564, 113–121.
Baab G., 1997. Apfel unterlagen Gestern und Heute. Erwerbsobst. 40, 162–169.
Bühl A., Zofel P., 1999. SPSS Version 8. Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse unter Windows. Addison Wesley Longman Verlag GmbH.
Bramlage W.J., 1993. Interactions of orchard factors and mineral nutrition on quality o pome fruits. Acta Hort. 326, 15–28.
Canny M.J., 1995. Apoplastic water and solute movement: new rules for an old space. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., Plant Mol. Biol. 46, 9–14.
Chen K., Lenz F., 1997. Effects of training method, shading and fruiting on water consumption of apple trees. Gartenbauwiss. 62 (6), 277–285.
Cline J.A., Hanson E.J., Bramlage W.J., Cline R.A., Kushad M., 1991. Calcium accumulation in ‘Delicious’ apple fruit. J. Plant Nutrit. 14 (11), 1213–1222.
Faust M., Klein D., 1974. Levels and sites of metabolically active calcium in apple fruit. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 99, 93–94.
Fernandes R.T., Perry R.L., Ferree D.C., 1995. Root distribution patterns of nine apple rootstocks in two contrasting soil types. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120, 6–13.
Garnard J., 1980. Nutrition minèrale et qualitè des fruits des cultures de zono tempèrè. Arboriculture Fruitière 311, 1–27.
Himelrick D.G., Walker C.E., 1982. Seasonal trends of calcium, magnesium, and potassium fractions in apple leaf and fruit tissues. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107(6), 1078–1080.
Himelrick D.G., McDuffie R.F., 1983. The calcium cycle: uptake and distribution in apple trees. Hort Sci. 18 (2), 147–154.
Hong Qiang Y., Lian Zhong Z., Jin Liang Q., Yuling J., 2003. The kinetics of calcium uptake in apple rootstock roots. Acta Hort. Sinica 30 (3), 253–257.
Jadczuk E., Sadowski A., 1997. Nutritional status of ‘Schattenmorelle’ cherry trees in relation to the type of root system and tree age. Acta Hort. 448, 137–144.
Lang A., 1990. Xylem, phloem and transpiration flows in developing apple fruits. J. Exp. Bot. 41, 645–503.
Lehman L.J., Yound E., Unrath C.R., 1990. Growth dynamics of young apple trees as influenced by scion and rootstock vigour. J. Hort. Sci. 65 (2), 123–127.
Neilsen G.H., Neilsen D., 1997. Orchards nutrition to maximize crop quality and minimize environmental degradation. Acta Hort. 448, 365–373.
Palmer J.W., Lai Y.L., Edjamo Y., 1991. Effect of part-tree thinning on fruiting, vegetative growth, and leaf photosynthesis in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple. J. Hort. Sci. 66, 319–325.
Sadowski A., Nurzyński J., Pacholak E., Smolarz K., 1990. Określenie potrzeb nawożenia roślin sadowniczych. Zasady, liczby graniczne i dawki nawożenia. Instrukcja upowszechnieniowa.
Schlegel T.K., Schonherr J., 2002. Penetration of calcium chloride into apple fruits as affected by stage of fruit development. Acta Hort. 594, 527–533.
Shear C.B., 1980. Interaction of nutrition and environment on mineral composition of fruits. [In:] Atkinson D., J.E. Jackson, R.O Sharples and W.M Waller (eds). Mineral nutrition of fruit trees. Butterworths, London, 41–50.
Tromp J., 1979. Influence de la temperature sur la croissance de la pomme et sa composition chinique. Le Fruit Belge 388, 283–298.
Tukey L.D., 1993. Rootstock effects on apple tree growth and fruiting. Research Report for 1992.
Walter H., Lieth H., 1970. Klimadiagramm-Weltatlas, Jena.
Webster D.H., 1981. Mineral composition of apple fruits. Relationships between and within peel, cortex, and whole fruit samples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 61, 73–83.
Zavalloni C., Marangoni B., Tagliavini M., Scudellari D., 2001. Dynamics of uptake of calcium, potassium and magnesium into apple fruit in a high-density planting. Acta Hort. 564, 113–121.
Jan M. Ben
Agricultural Univwersity of Cracow
Agricultural Univwersity of Cracow
Małgorzata Koszorz
Agricultural Univwersity of Cracow
Agricultural Univwersity of Cracow
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