QUALITY FEATURES OF PARTHENOCARPIC PEARS COLLECTED FROM TREES GROWN ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS
Grzegorz P. Łysiak
University of Life Sciences in PoznańWojciech Antkowiak
University of Life Sciences in PoznańAbstrakt
In countries where spring frost frequently causes damage to pear flowers, cropping is possible through natural and induced parthenocarpy. The tendency to bear parthenocarpic fruit is a genetic feature so it differs between cultivars. The goal of the study was to assess the influence of the cultivar and rootstock on the occurrence of parthenocarpy and to determine the influence of the number of seeds on the quality of fruit and the speed with which it ripens. Pears of five European cultivars were collected from trees planted in 2002 at a distance of 4 × 1.5 m. Each cultivar was grown on three different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted in 2008 and 2011. There was a spring frost during the flowering period and many flowers were killed. Nevertheless, the trees cropped, which was the reason to expect an increased occurrence of parthenocarpy. During harvest, each pear was examined in respect of: firmness, TSS, acidity, skin base colour and starch pat-tern. After the tests, the pears were cut and the number of seeds was counted. The number of seedless pears varied between 2.2% (‘Carola’) and 46.7% (’Amfora‘) in 2008, and be-tween 26.7% (‘Dicolor’) and 84.1% (‘Amfora’) in 2011. The rootstock influenced the number of seedless pears of each cultivar. The largest number of parthenocarpic pears was harvested from trees grown on Quince S1. The number of seeds influenced some quality parameters, like the mass of fruit, firmness and TSS. Parthenocarpy was also found to affect the speed in which fruit ripens, as measured by the starch disintegration and Streif indices. Only acidity and base skin colour were slightly or not at all dependent on the occurrence of parthenocarpy or on the number of seeds.
Słowa kluczowe:
firmness, fruit mass, skin colour, TSS, Starch Index, Streif IndexBibliografia
Ferguson, I.B. (1999). Seed development and fruit growth. In: Plants in action, Atwell, B., Kriedemann, P., Turnbull, B. (eds). Macmillan Education Australia Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Aus-tralia.
Gil, G.F., Griggs, W.H., Martin, G.C. (1972). Gibberellin-induced parthenocarpy in winter “Nel-is” pear. HortSci., 7, 559–566.
Gillaspy, G., Ben-David, H., Gruissem, W. (1993). Fruits: a developmental perspective. Plant Cell., 5, 1439–1451.
Gustafson, F.G. (1942). Parthenocarpy: natural and artificial. Bot. Rev., 8(9), 599–654.
Hopping, M.E. (1976). Effect of exogenous auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins on fruit development in Chinese Gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis Planch). New Zeal. J. Bot., 1976, 14, 69–75.
Janes, B.E. (1941). Some chemical differences between artificially produced parthenocarpic fruits and normal seeded fruits of tomato. Amer. J. Bot., 28, 8, 639–646.
Kingston, C.M. (1992). Maturity indices for apple and pear. Hort. Rev.,13, 407–432.
Krezdorn, A.H. (1973). Effect of growth regulators on set and development of citrus fruit. Acta Hort., 34, 283–285.
Lech, W., Małodobry, M. (2006). Kwitnienie grusz część I. SAD. Plantpress, Kraków, (4) 58.
Luckwill, L.C. (1960). The effect of gibberellic acid on fruit set in apples and pears. Rep. Lang Ashton Res. Sta., 1959, 59–64.
Łysiak, G. (2006). Uprawa i odmiany gruszy. Hortpress, Warszawa, pp. 159.
Łysiak, G., Kurlus, R., Zydlik, Z., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D. (2014). Apple skin colour changes during harvest as an indicator of maturity. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 13(3), 71–83.
McAtee, P., Karim, S., Schaffer, R., David, K. (2013). A dynamic interplay between phytohormones is required for fruit development, maturation, and ripening. Front. Plant Sci., doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00079.
Medeira, M.C., Maia, M.I. (2008). Self-pollination and parthenocarpy in ‘Rocha’ pear. Acta Hort., 800, 231–238.
Nishitani, C., Yamaguchi-Nakamuraa, A., Hosakaa, F., Terakamia, S., Shimizua, T., Yanoa, K., Itaib, A., Saitoa, T., Yamamotoa, T. (2012). Parthenocarpic genetic resources and gene expression related to parthenocarpy among four species in pear (Pyrus spp.). Sci. Hort., 136, 101–109.
Niu, Q., Wang, T., Li, J., Yang, Q., Qian, M., Teng, Y. (2014). Effects of exogenous application of GA4+7 and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N0-phenylurea on induced parthenocarpy and fruit quality in Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Cuiguan’ Plant Growth Regul, doi: 10.1007/s10725-014-9995-8.
Pharis, R.P., King, R.W. (1985). Gibberellins and reproductive development in seed plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol., 36, 517–568.
Sosna, I., Kortylewska, D. (2013). Estimation of interstock and intermediate stock usefulness for summer pear cvs. budded on two rootstocks. J. Hort. Res., 21(1), 79–82.
Weinbaum, S.A., Maki, J., DeJong, T.M. (2001). Reassessment of seed influence on return bloom and fruit growth in Bartlett pear. HortSci., 36(2), 295–297.
Zhang, C., Lee, U., Tanabe, K. (2008). Hormonal regulation of fruit set, parthenogenesis induction and fruit expansion in Japanese pear. Plant Growth Reg., 55, 231–240.
University of Life Sciences in Poznań
University of Life Sciences in Poznań
Licencja
Artykuły są udostępniane na zasadach CC BY 4.0 (do 2021 r. na zasadach CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 międzynarodowe).
Przysłanie artykułu do redakcji oznacza, że nie był on opublikowany wcześniej i nie jest rozpatrywany do publikacji gdzie indziej.
Autor podpisuje oświadczenie o oryginalności dzieła, wkładzie poszczególnych osób i źródle finansowania.