Abstract
Several studies conducted at present concern the application of biostimulants in intensive plant growing. Titanium is an element exhibiting characteristics of a biostimulant. The aim of the conducted analyses was to evaluate the effect of the application of titanium on plant nutrition, their yielding as well as contents of macronutrients and biological value of fruits in tomato grown on rockwool. The following levels of titanium were analysed: the control (no titanium applied), Ti-I (corresponding to an annual dose of 80 g Ti·ha-1), Ti-II (240 g Ti·ha-1), Ti-III (480 g Ti·ha-1) and Ti-IV (960 g Ti·ha-1). The source of titanium was “Tytanit” fertilizer (Intermag Olkusz). In the conducted study a significant effect of titanium application was found at the Ti-IV level on the produced total and marketable yields, at the simultaneous increase in the yield of fruits with the greatest diameters (classes I, II and III) in comparison to the other tested combinations. A significant effect of Ti was found on an increase in contents in the index parts of plants in case of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium (the greatest contents of N, P, Ca
and Mg recorded at Ti-IV) as well as potassium (the highest content at Ti-I). A general trend was observed (except for Ti-II) for an increase in nitrogen content in fruits under the influence of titanium application, at a simultaneous lack of effect on contents of phosphorus and potassium. In case of calcium and magnesium the recorded changes were multifaceted. No significant effect of titanium was observed on contents of dry matter and sugars in fruits, as well as their active acidity. At the same time a significant variation of vitamin C contents in fruits was recorded, depending on the level of titanium nutrition of plants.
References
Adamicki F., Dyśko J., Nawrocka B., Ślusarski C., Wysocka-Owczarek M., 2005. Metodyka integrowanej produkcji pomidorów pod osłonami. PIORIN, Warszawa.
Agronomic Division of the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Reference sufficiency ranges vegetable crops, 2000. [http://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi /saaesd/gtom.htm].
Alcaraz-Lopez C., Botia M., Alcaraz C.F., Riquelme F., 2003. Effects of foliar sprays containing calcium, magnesium and titanium on plum (Prunus domestica L.). J. Plant Physiol. 160, 1441–1446.
Alcaraz-Lopez C., Botia M., Alcaraz C.F., Riquelme F., 2004. Effect of foliar sprays containing calcium, magnesium and titanium on peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit quality. J. Sci. Food Agric. 84, 949–954.
Atherton J. G., Rudisch J., 1986. The tomato crop. Chapman and Hall. London, New York, 281–334.
Borkowski J., Felczyńska A., Stępowski J., Niekraszewicz A., 2006. Effect of different compounds Biochikol 020 PC, calcium nitrate, Tytanit and Pomonit on the healthiness and the yield of chinese cabbage. Polish Chitin Soc. Monograph. 11, 201–207.
Breś W., Ruprik B., 2007. Uprawa drobnoowocowych odmian pomidora szklarniowego we włóknie kokosowym przy zróżnicowanym nawożeniu azotem i potasem. Część IV. Ocena stanu odżywienia roślin. Acta Agrophys. 9(2), 297–305.
Buczkowska H., Najda A., 2002. A comparison of some chemical compounds in the fruit of sweet and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Folia Hort. 14 (2), 59–67.
Campbel C.R., 2000. References sufficiency ranges for plant analysis in the southern region. References sufficiency ranges vegetable crops. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin, 394.
Dobromilska R., 2007. Wpływ stosowania Tytanitu na wzrost pomidora drobnoowocowego. Rocz. AR Pozn., 383, Ogrodnictwo 41, 451–454.
Daood H.G., Biacs P., Fehér, Hajdu F., Pais I., 1998. Effect of titanium on the activity of lipoxygenase J. Plant Nutr. 11,5, 505–516.
Dumon J.C., Ernst W.H.O., 1988. Titanium in plants. J. Plant Physiol. 133, 203–209.
Golcz A., Kozik E., 2004. Effect of several agrotechnical factors on vitamin C content in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Rocz. AR Pozn. 356, Ogrodn. 37, 67–74.
Grajkowski J., Ochmian I., 2007. Influence of Tyree biostymulants on yielding and fruit quality of three primocane raspberry cultivars. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 6(2), 29–36.
Grenda A., 2003. Tytanit – aktywator procesów metabolicznych. In: Chemicals in sustainable agriculture. Czech Republic 4, 263–269.
Janas R., Szafirowska A., Kłosowski S., 2002. Effect of titanium on eggplant yielding. Veg. Crops Res. Bull. 57, 37–44.
Jankowski K., Dubis B., 2008. Biostymulatory w polowej produkcji roślinnej. Mat. Konf. Biostymulatory w nowoczesnej uprawie roślin. Warszawa. SGGW; Plantpress, 24.
Jarosz Z., 2006. Effect of different types of potassium fertilization on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomatoes grown in various substrates. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 5(1), 11–18.
Jarosz Z., Dzida K., 2011. Effect of substratum and nutrient solution upon yielding and chemical composition of leaves and fruits of glasshouse tomato grown in prolonged cycle. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(3), 247–258.
Kleiber T., Markiewicz B., Niewiadomska A., 2012. Organic substrates for intensive horticultural cultures. Yielding and nutrient status of plants. Microbiological parameters of substrates, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 21(5), 1261–1271.
Kowalska I., 1996. Ocena przydatności mocznikowej, amonowej i azotanowej formy azotu nawozowego w uprawie szklarniowej pomidora przy zastosowaniu różnych podłoży ogrodniczych. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 429, 175–180.
Kreij De C., Sonneveld C., Warmenhoven M.G., Straver N., 1990. Guide values for nutrient element content of vegetables and flowers under glass. Voedingsoplossingen Glastuinbouw 15.
Leskó K., István Pais S, Simon-Sarkadi L., 2002, Effect of cadmium and titanium-ascorbate stress on biological active compounds in wheat seedlings. J. Plant Nutrition 25, 11, 2571–2581.
Malinowska E., Kalembasa S., 2012. The field and content of Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu in celery leaves (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill. Pers.) as a result of Tytanit application. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 11(1), 69–80.
Marcinek B., Hetman J., 2008. The effect of foliage feeding on the structure of yield, dry weight content and macroelements in the corms of Sparaxis tricolor Ker-Gawl. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 7(4), 89–99.
Marschner H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.
Martinez Sanchez F., Nunez M., Amoros A., Gimenez J. L., Alcaraz C.F., 1993. Effect of titanium leaf spray treatments on ascorbic acid levels of Capsicum annuum L. fruits, J. Plant Nutr. 16, 5, 975–981.
Michalski P., 2008. The effect of Tytanit on the yield structure and the fruit size of strawberry ‘Senga Sengana’ and ‘Elsanta’. Annales UMCS, Agricultura 63(3), 109–118.
Nurzyński J., 2004. Wpływ koncentracji składników pokarmowych w podłożach z wełny mineralnej, torfu oraz piasku na plonowanie pomidora szklarniowego. X Ogólnopolskie Sympozjum Naukowe Efektywność stosowania nawozów w uprawach ogrodniczych, Kraków, 17–18 czerwca 2004; 261–268.
Nzanza B., 2006. Yield and quality of tomato as influenced by differential Ca, Mg and K nutrition. Department of Plant Production and Soil Science. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 103.
Pawlińska A., Komosa A., 2006. Wpływ podłoży i pożywek na stan odżywienia pomidora szklarniowego azotem, fosforem i potasem, Acta Agrophys. 7(3), 691–698.
Plank C.O. 1999, Plant Analysis handbook for Georgia. University of Georgia.
Sady W., Domagała I., Gustkowicz M., 1998 Ocena przydatności 5 odmian pomidora szklarniowego do uprawy na wełnie mineralnej. Zesz. Nauk. AR Kraków 333, 285–288.
Serrano M., Martinez-Romero D., Castillo S., Guillén F., Valero D., 2004. Effect of preharvest sprays containing calcium, magnesium and titanium on the quality of peaches and nectarines at harvest and during postharvest storage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 84, 1270–1276.
Skupień K., Oszmiański J., 2007a. Estimation of ‘Tytanit’ influence on selected quality traits of strawberry fruits. EJPAU, 10, 3, www.ejpau.media.pl.
Skupień K., Oszmiański J., 2007b. Influence of titanium treatment on antioxidants content and antioxidant activity of strawberries. Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment. 6(4), 83–94.
Wójcik P., 2002. Vigor and nutrition of apple trees in nursery as influenced by titanium sprays. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 5, 1129–1138.
Wójcik P., Wójcik M., 2001. Growth and nutrition of M.26 EMLA Apple rootstock as influence by titanium fertilization. J. Plant Nutr., 24, 10, 1575–1588.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
