Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 20 No. 6 (2021)

Articles

Effects of grafting on some phytochemical traits and elemental composition in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.6.12
Submitted: February 4, 2021
Published: 2021-12-09

Abstract

Grafting method in vegetables has been used in common due to positive effects in agriculture. In this context, it is focused that the studies aimed at increasing yield and quality through grafting. This research was carried out to determine the effects of grafting bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Effects of grafting on extract yield, dry matter ratio, ash, and macro and micro elemental content of the fruits and leaves of bitter gourd were determined in greenhouse conditions. Grafting significantly increased the dry matter ratio and extract yield in the bitter gourd fruits and the ash content in young, mature and old leaves. In the fruits, a positive correlation (R = 0.9264) was found only between extract yield and dry matter ratio. The main important effect of grafting in terms of macro and micro elements appeared on the fruits of bitter gourd. The accumulation of Ca2+ in the leaves increased during maturation. The positive effect of grafting in terms of Ca2+ increase in fruits was higher in unripe fruits compared to ripe fruits. In addition to obtaining more extracts from the fruits bitter gourd, the enrichment of its fruits in terms of Ca2+ and K+ and its leaves in terms of Ca2+ increases the importance of these parts in terms of human nutrition.

References

  1. Akhila, A.N., George, S.T. (2017). Standardisation of grafting in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). J. Trop. Agric., 55(2), 167–174.
  2. Alzate, J.B., Puente E.O.R., Juárez, O.G., Mendoza, D.G., Díaz, L.C., López, A.G. (2018). Studies of grafts in vegetables, an alternative for agricultural production under stress conditions: physiological responses. J. Plant Sci. Phytopathol., 2, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001014
  3. Anilakumar, K.R., Kumar, G.P., Ilaiyaraja, N. (2015). Nutritional, pharmacological and medicinal properties of Momordica charantia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. (IJNFS), 4(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20150401.21
  4. Asan Ozusaglam M., Karakoca, K. (2013). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Momordica charantia from Turkey. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 12(13), 1548–1558. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2012.2932
  5. Aydogan, S., Isik, S., Sahin, M., Akcacik, A.G., Hamzaoglu, S., Dogan, S., Kucukcongar, M., Ates, S. (2014). Determination of effect of different cutting times on nutritional composition of forage crops. Selcuk J. Agric. Sci., 1(2), 45–49.
  6. Bakare, R.I., Magbagbeola, O.A., Akinwande, A.I., Okunowo, O.W. (2010). Nutritional and chemical evaluation of Momordica charantia. J. Med. Plants Res., 4 (21), 2189–2193. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.274
  7. Bie, Z., Nawaz, M.A., Huang, Y., Lee, J.M., Colla, G. (2017). Introduction to vegetable grafting. In: Vegetable grafting: principles and practices, Colla, G., Pérez-Alfocea, F., Schwarz, D. (eds). CAB International, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780648972.0001
  8. Ceylan, S., Alan, O., Elmacı, O.L. (2018). Effects of grafting on nutrient element content and yield in watermelon. J. Agric. Fac. Ege Univ., 55(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.390891
  9. Colla, G., Roupahel, Y., Cardarelli, M., Rea, E. (2006). Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 41(3), 622–627. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.3.622
  10. Duan, C., Liu, Z., Hong-wen, Cui, H. (2012). The distribution and application of bitter gourd in China. CGC Reports, pp. 67–68.
  11. Fedorov, A.V., Musikhin, S.A., Fatykhov, I.S., Zorin, D.A., Ardasheva, O.A. (2018). Accumulation of mineral nutrients in leaves of Momordica charantia L. and Trichosanthes cucumerina L. grown using grafting. Adv. Engineer. Res., 51, 187−190. https://doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.36
  12. Fohs, A., Krejpcio, Z., Król, E., Xiong, R., Hołubowicz, R. (2014). The effect of cultivation ways on selected morphological characters of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) transplants and plants, fruit yield and chemical content. Bull. Univ. Agric. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 7(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:9216
  13. Grover, J.K., Yadav, S.P. (2004). Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. J. Ethnopharmacol., 93, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.035
  14. Hasnaa, M.T.A., Hanan, A., Abd, El Aziz, H., Kamal, El Deen Abd El Hameed, A. (2018). Nutritive value and improving palatability of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Suez Canal Univ. J. Food Sci., 5(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.21608/scuj.2018.59323
  15. Huang, Y., Tang, R., Cao, Q., Bie, Z. (2009). Improving the fruit yield and quality of cucumber by grafting onto the salt tolerant rootstock under NaCl stress. Sci. Hortic., 122(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.04.004
  16. Huang, Y., Bie, Z., Liu, P., Niu, M., Zhen, A. Liu, Z., Lei, B., Gu, D., Lu, C., Wang, B. (2013). Reciprocal grafting between cucumber and pumpkin demonstrates the roles of the rootstock in the determination of cucumber salt tolerance and sodium accumulation. Sci. Hortic., 149, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.018
  17. Huang, Y., Zhao, L., Kong, Q., Cheng, F., Niu, M. (2016). Comprehensive mineral nutrition analysis of watermelon grafted onto two different rootstocks. Hortic. Plant J., 2(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2016.06.003
  18. Islam, S., Jalaluddin, M., Hettiarachchy, N.S. (2011). Bio-active compounds of bitter melon genotypes (Momordica charantia L.) in relation to their physiological functions. Funct. Foods Health Disease, 1(2), 61−74. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v1i2.139
  19. Karabulut, A., Aktas, H., San, B. (2018). Effects of grafted seedlings on quality and yield in greenhouse melon growing. J. Nat. Appl. Sci., (22)3, 1223–1231. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.498975
  20. Kong, Y., Llewellyn, D., Schiestel, K., Scroggins, M.G., Lubitz D. McDonald, M.R., Acker, R.V., Martin, R.C., Zheng, Y., Elford, E. (2017). High tunnels can promote growth, yield, and fruit quality of organic bitter melons (Momordica charantia) in regions with cool and short growing seasons. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 52(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11217-16
  21. Kowalczyk, K., Gajc-Wolska, J. (2011). Effect of the kind of growing medium and transplant grafting on the cherry tomato yielding. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 10(1), 61−70.
  22. Kumar, K.P.S., Bhowmik, D. (2010). Traditional medicinal uses and therapeutic benefits of Momordica charantia Linn. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 4(3), 23−28.
  23. Lee, J.W., Lee, H.S., Na, Y.W., Kang, M.J., Jeon, Y.A., Sung, J.S., Ma, K.H., Lee, S.Y. (2015). Investigation of physicochemical properties according to different parts and maturity of Momordica charantia L. Korean J. Plant Res., 28(4), 382–390. https://doi.org/ 10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.4.382
  24. Lee, Y.R. (2016). Nutritional components and antioxidant activity of dry bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 45(4), 518–523. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.4.518
  25. Martínez-Ballesta, M.C., Alcaraz-López, C., Muries, B., Mota-Cadenas, C., Carvajal, M. (2010). Physiological aspects of rootstock–scion interactions. Sci. Hortic., 127, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.002
  26. Moncada, A., Miceli, A., Vetrano, F., Mineo, V., Planeta, D., D’Anna, F. (2013). Effect of grafting on yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Sci. Hortic., 149, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.06.015
  27. Miskovic, A., Ilic, O., Bacanovic, J., Vujasinovic, V., Kukić, B. (2016). Effect of eggplant rootstock on yield and quality parameters of grafted tomato. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 15(6), 149–159.
  28. Nawaz, M.A., Wang, L., Jiao, Y., Chen, C., Zhao, L., Mei, M., Yu, Y., Bie, Z., Huang, Y. (2017). Pumpkin rootstock improves nitrogen use efficiency of watermelon scion by enhancing nutrient uptake, cytokinin content, and expression of nitrate reductase genes. Plant Growth Regul., 82, 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0254-7
  29. Noor, R.S., Wang, Z., Umair, M., Yaseen, M., Ameen, M., Rehman, S.U., Khan, M.U., Imran, M., Ahmed, W., Sun, Y. (2019). Interactive effects of grafting techniques and scion-rootstocks combinations on vegetative growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Agronomy, 9(6), 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy9060288
  30. Omar, G.F., El-hamahmy, M.A.M. (2019). Effect of rootstocks on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumber. Hortsci. J. Suez Canal Univ., 8(1), 1–10.
  31. Qi, H.Y., Li, T.L., Liu, Y.F., Li, D. (2006). Effects of grafting on photosynthesis characteristics, yield, and sugar content in melon. J. Shenyang Agric. Univ., 37(2), 155–158.
  32. Rachael Adebola, A., Yaya Akinwale, A., Jane Ariyo, A. (2016). Mormodica charantia Linn. a potential antibiotic and anti-fungal drug. IJPSI, 5(2), 21–27.
  33. Raina, K., Kumar, D., Agarwal, R. (2016). Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. Semin. Cancer Biol., 40−41, 116–129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.002
  34. Savsatli, Y., Ozcan, A., Catal, M.İ., Seyis, F., Akbulut, M. (2016). Trace elements in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) and their distribution in different plant parts. ARPN, 11(11), 437–443.
  35. Savsatli, Y., Seyis, F. (2016). Determination of suitable solvents for extraction of different fruit parts of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Res. J. Agric. Sci., 9(1), 18–22.
  36. Savvas, D., Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Schwarz, D. (2010). Amelioration of heavy metal and nutrient stress in fruit vegetables by grafting. Sci. Hortic., 127, 156–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.011
  37. Shubha, A.S., Devaraju, Sharavati M.B., Srinivasa, V., Kantharaj, Y., Ravi, C.S., Akshay, A., Yallesh Kumar, H.S., Shanwaz, A. (2018). Medicinal and nutritional importance of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.): a review article. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., SP3, 297−300.
  38. Tamilselvi, N.A., Pugalendhi, L. (2017a). Graft compatibility and anatomical studies of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) scions with cucurbitaceous rootstocks. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 6(2), 1801–1810. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.602.202
  39. Tamilselvi, N.A., Pugalendhi, L. (2017b). Studies on effect of grafting technique on growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia L.). J. Sci. Endustrial Res. (JSIR). 76(10), 654–661.
  40. Tsai, T.H., Huang, C.J., Wu, W.H., Huang, W.C., Chyuan, J.H., Tsai, P.J. (2014). Antioxidant, cell-protective, and anti-melanogenic activities of leaf extracts from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) cultivars. Bot. Stud., 55(78), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-014-0078-y
  41. Yetisir, H., Özdemir, A.E., Aras, V., Candır, E., Aslan, Ö. (2013). Rootstocks effect on plant nutrition concentration in different organ of grafted watermelon. Agric. Sci., 4(5), 230–237. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.45033
  42. Yuwai, K.E., Rao, K., Kaluwin, C., Jones, G.P., Rivett, D.E. (1991). Chemical composition of Momordica charantia L. fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39(10), 1762–1763. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00010a013
  43. Zhang, M., Hettiarachchy, N.S., Horax, R., Chen, P., Over, K.F. (2009). Effect of maturity stages and drying methods on the retention of selected nutrients and phytochemicals in bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf. J. Food Sci., 74(6), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01222

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.