Abstract
Shallot is one of the vegetables, which are especially abounding in flavonoids, phenolic acids and other compounds with antioxidative properties. Among Allium vegetables it is also distinguished with good storage ability. The studies conducted in the years 2007–2009 included the assessment of dry matter, flavonoids and phenolic acid contents in shallot bulbs immediately after harvest and drying off, as well as after long-term storage (5 months in the temperature 0–1oC and humidity of 86%). The studies concerned 3 cultivars of shallot: ‘Ambition F1’, ‘Bonilla F1’ and ‘Matador F1’. The bulbs of these cultivars were obtained from seedlings planting. For chemical analyses bulb samples with the diameter of 25–30 mm were selected, as such constituted the greatest participation in the obtained yield. The contents of total and reducing sugars, flavonoids (converted into quercetin), as well as phenolic acids (converted into coffeic acid) were determined in fleshy scales, whereas in dry scales only the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were determined. The dry matter of fleshy scales in the examined shallot cultivars was on
average 16.65%. From among three examined cultivars the bulbs of ‘Bonilla F1’had significantly greater dry matter (18.03% on average). The contents of total sugars in shallot bulbs was on average 6.32% immediately after harvest and 5.71% after 5 months of storage. Similarly as in the case of dry matter, the bulbs of ‘Bonilla F1’ cultivar turned out to be the most abounding both in total and reducing sugars. The examined cultivars significantly differed in the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids both in dry and fleshy scales. In all the cultivars the dry scales contained more than 50 times more flavonoids and more than 34 times more phenolic acids, as compared with fleshy scales. Long-term storage of shallot bulbs significantly affected the decrease of flavonoid contents, slight decrease of total sugars, but a significant increase of phenolic acids. From among the examined cultivars ‘Ambition F1’ was characterized with the lowest contents of all the analyzed components.
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