Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
ASPHC Baner

Tom 19 Nr 6 (2020)

Artykuły

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) SEEDS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.6.7
Przesłane: 16 września 2019
Opublikowane: 2020-12-31

Abstrakt

Recently the interest in borage seeds (mericarps) as an important source of γ-linolenic acid and a good natural antioxidant has increased, yet the knowledge about these properties of seeds developed by borage grown in Poland remains very scanty. Seeds collected from borage plants cultivated in the south-eastern region of Poland in the years 2017 and 2018 were characterized by following parameters: length – 5.0 mm, width – 2.7–2.8 mm, thickness 2.2 mm, weight of 1000 seeds – 17.2–19.4 g. The seeds contained 93.7% of dry matter, and in this 32.0% of lipids, 23.7% of protein and 1.1–1.8% of total sugars on average. Seventeen compounds were identified in the lipids with linoleic acid (35.1%), oleic + elaidic acids (20.8%), γ-linolenic acid (17.9%), palmitic acid (11.4%), stearic acid (5.3%), cis 11-eicosenoic acid (4.1%), and erucic acid (2.6%) as major ones. Other fatty acids constituted less than 2%. Saturated fatty acids constituted 17.5% of the total fatty acids. Flavonoids and phenolic acids accounted for 0.012% and 1.60–1.73% of seeds dry weight respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by FRAP assay and Folin – Ciocalteau method accounted for 1225 µmol of ferrous equivalent Fe (II) and 29.7 mg of polyphenols per gram of seeds dry weight respectively. Using antiradical activity against DPPH radical following average parameters were obtained: T 50% – 49 sec., DPPH rem % – 73.7, AE – 0.024 dm3∙(µmol∙s)–1. 100 g of seeds d.w. contained 0.27–0.34 ml of essential oil. Content of four macroelements expressed as % of seeds d. w. was following: P – 0.70, K – 0.48, Ca – 1.37 and Mg – 0.41.

Bibliografia

  1. AOAC, 963.22 (2000). Methyl esters of fatty acids in oils and fats. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC, 17th ed. Arlington, Virginia.
  2. AOAC, 969.33 (2000). Fatty acids in oils and fats. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC, 17th ed. Arlington, Virginia.
  3. Balasaraswathi, R., Sadasivam, S. (1997). Changes in oil, sugars and nitrogenous components during germination of sunflower seeds, Helianthus annuus. Plant Foods Human Nutr., 51, 71–77. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007924026633
  4. Beaubaire, N.A., Simon, J.E. (1987). Production potential of Borago officinalis L. Acta Hortic., 208, 101–113. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1987.208.12
  5. Bellés, M., Alonso, V., Roncalés, P., Beltrán, J.A. (2017). Effect of borage and green tea aqueous extract on the quality of lamb leg chops displayed under retail conditions. Meat Sci., 129, 153–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.03.003
  6. Bellés, M., Alonso, V., Roncalés, P., Beltrán J.A. (2018). Display stability of fresh and thawed lamb supplemented with vitamin E or sprayed with an antioxidant borage seed extract. J. Sci. Food Agric., 98, 2871–2879. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8780
  7. Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Anal. Biochem., 239, 70–76. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  8. Berti, M.T., Fischer, S.U., Wilckens, R.L., Hevia, M.F., Johnson, B.L. (2010). Borage (Borago oficinalis L.) response to N, P, K, and S fertilization in south central Chile. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 70(2), 228–236.
  9. Berti, M., Joublan, J.P., Serri, H., Gonzalez, M. (1998). Determination of harvest timeliness in borage. Cienc. Investig. Agrar. 25, 119–126.
  10. Berti, M., Wilckens, R., Fisher, S., Araos, R. (2002). Borage: A new crop for Southern Chile. In: Trends in new crops and new uses, Janick, J., Whipkey, A. (eds.). ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, USA, 501–505.
  11. Borowy, A., Chwil, M., Kapłan, M. (2017). Biologically active compounds and antioxidant activity of borage (Borago officinalis L.) flowers and leaves. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 16(5), 169–180. DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2017.5.1.
  12. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berest, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol., 28(1), 25–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
  13. Budzyński, W., Zając, T. (eds.) (2010). Rośliny oleiste, uprawa i zastosowanie [Oleiferous plants: cultivation and use]. PWRiL, Poznań, 266.
  14. Charłampowicz, Z. (1966). Analizy przetworów z owoców, warzyw i grzybów [Analysis of fruit, vegetable and mushroom preserves]. WPLS, Warszawa, 50–52, 119–120.
  15. De Haro, A., Río, M., del, Alcaide, B., Rapoport, H., Cabrera, A. (2004). Characterisation and evaluation of species of the Boraginaceae family as source of gamma-linolenic acid for Mediterranean conditions. Acta Hortic., 629, 231–237. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.629.29
  16. De Haro, A., Domínguez, V., Río, M., del (2002). Variability in the content of gamma-linolenic acid and other fatty acids of the seed oil of germplasm of wild and cultivated borage (Borago officinalis L.). J. Herb, Spice Medl Plants, 9(4), 297–304. DOI: 10.1300/J044v09n04_06
  17. Del Río-Celestino, M., Font, R., de Haro-Bailón, A. (2008). Distribution of fatty acids in edible organs and seed fractions of borage (Borago officinalis L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 88, 248–255. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3080
  18. Dodson, C.D., Stermitz, F.R. (1986). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from borage (Borago officinalis) seeds and flowers. J. Nat. Prod., 49(4), 727–728. DOI: 10.1021/np50046a045
  19. Duczmal, K., Tucholska, H. (eds.) (2000). Nasiennictwo [Seed Production]. PWRiL, Poznań, 125–128, 146–147, 171–176.
  20. El Hafid, R., Blade, S.F., Hoyano, Y. (2002). Seeding date and nitrogen fertilization effects on the performance of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Ind. Crops Prod., 16(3), 193–199. DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00047-X
  21. Fan, Y.-Y., Chapkin, R.S. (1998). Importance of dietary γ-linolenic acid in human health and nutrition. J. Nutr., 128, 1411–1414.
  22. Farmakopea Polska V [Polish Pharmacopoeia V] (1999). Oznaczanie zawartości kwasów fenolowych [Determination of phenolic acids]. Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne, Warszawa, 880–881.
  23. Farmakopea Polska VI [Polish Pharmacopoeia VI] (2002). Oznaczanie zawartości flawonoidów. Oznaczanie zawartości olejku [Determination of flavonoids content. Determination of essential oil content]. Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne, Warszawa, 150 151.
  24. Galwey, N.W., Shirlin, A.J. (1990). Selection of borage (Borago officinalis) as a seed crop for pharmaceutical uses. Heredity, 65, 249–257.
  25. Gilani, A.H., Bashir, S., Khan, A.-u. (2007). Pharmacological basis for the use of Borago officinalis in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. J. Ethnopharmacol., 114, 393–399. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.032
  26. Gómez-Estaca, J., Giménez, B., Montero, P., Gómez-Guillén, M.C. (2009). Incorporation of antioxidant borage extract into edible films based on sole skin gelatin or a commercial fish gelatin. J. Food Eng., 92(1), 78–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.10.024
  27. Gudej, J., Tomczyk, M. (1996). Badania chromatograficzne związków polifenolowych w zielu Borago officinalis L. [Chromatographic study of polyphenolic compounds in the herba of Borago officinalis L.]. Herba Pol., 42(4), 252–256.
  28. Hou, A., Chen, P., Shi, A., Zhang, B., Wang, Y.-J. (2009). Sugar variation in soybean seed assessed with a rapid extraction and quantification method. Int. J. Agron., Article ID 484571, 8 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2009/484571
  29. Knutsen, H.K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brűschweiler, B., Ceccatelli., S., Dinovi, M., Edler, L., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, Ch., Hoogenboom, L.(R.), Nebbia, C.S., Oswald, I., Petersen, A., Rose, M., Roudot, A.-C., Schwerdtle, T., Vollmer, G., Wallace, H., Cottrill, B., Dogliotti, E., Laakso, J., Metzler, M., Velasco, L., Baert, K., Gómez Ruiz, J.A., Varga, E., Dőrr, B., Sousa, R., Vleminckx, Ch. (2016). Erucic acid in feed and food. EFSA Journal, 14(11), 4593. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4593
  30. Kołodziej, B. (2018). Związki aktywne surowców zielarskich [Active compounds of herbal row materials]. In: Uprawa ziół. Poradnik dla plantatorów [Cultivation of herbs. Guide for growers], Kołodziej, B. (ed.). PWRiL, Warszawa, 13–20.
  31. Kulpa, W. (1988). Nasionoznawstwo chwastów [Weed seed studies]. PWRiL, Warszawa, 204–2016.
  32. Larson, K.M., Roby, M.R., Stermitz, F.R. (1984). Unsaturated pyrrolizidines from borage (Borago officinalis), a common garden herb. J. Nat. Prod., 47(4), 747. DOI: 10.1021/np50034a045
  33. Mhamdi, B., Aidi Wannes, W., Bourgou, S., Marzouk, B. (2009). Biochemical characterization of borage (Borage officinalis L.) seeds. J. Food Biochem., 33, 331–341. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00221.x
  34. Mhamdi, B., Aidi Wannes, W., Sriti, J., Jellali, I., Ksouri, R., Marzouk, B. (2010). Effect of harvesting time on phenolic compounds and antiradical scavenging activity of Borago officinalis seed extracts. Ind. Crops Pros., 31(1), 1–4. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.07.002
  35. Pieszak, M., Mikołajczak, P.Ł., Manikowska, K. (2012). Borage (Borago officinalis L.) – a valuable plant used in herbal medicine. Herba Pol., 58(4), 95–103.
  36. PN-A-79011-3:1998. Koncentraty spożywcze – Metody badań – Oznaczanie zawartości wody [Edible concentrates – Methods of investigation – Determination of water content].
  37. PN-EN ISO 734:2016-03. Śruta nasion oleistych. Oznaczanie zawartości oleju – Metoda ekstrakcji heksanem (lub benzyną lekką) [Ground seeds of oliferous plants. Determination of oil content – Hexan (or light benzine) extraction method].
  38. Polakowski, B. (ed.), (1994). Botanika [Botany]. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa, 403.
  39. Prior, R.L., Wu, X., Schaich, K. (2005). Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(10), 4290-4302. DOI: 10.1021/jf0502698
  40. Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Paganga, G. (1997). Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Sci., 2(4), 152–159. DOI: 10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01018-2
  41. Sanchez-Escalante, A., Djenane, D., Torrescano, G., Beltrán, J.A., Roncalés, P. (2003). Antioxidant action of borage, rosemary, oregano, and ascorbic acid in beef patties packaged in modified atmosphere. J. Food Sci., 68(1), 339–344. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14162.x
  42. Sánchez-Moreno, C., Larrauri, J A., Saura-Calixto, F. (1998). A procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of polyphenols. J. Sci. Food Agric., 76(2), 270–276. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199802)76:2<270
  43. Sergeant, S., Rahbar, E., Chilton, F.H. (2016). Gamma-linolenic acid, dihommo-gamma linolenic, eicosanoids and inflammatory processes. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 785, 7–86.DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.020
  44. Simpson, M.J. (1993). Comparison of swathing and desiccation of borage (Borago officinalis) and estimation of optimum harvest date stage. Ann. Appl. Biol., 123, 105–108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04077.x
  45. Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A., jr (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16, 144–158.
  46. Suchorska K, Osińska E. (1997a). Some aspects of borage (Borago officinalis L.) cultivation. Part I. Influence of temperature, age of seeds and type of bed on germination and growth of seedlings. Ann. Warsaw Agrict Univ. – SGGW, Horticulture, 18: 75–80.
  47. Suchorska K., Osińska E. (1997b). Some aspects of borage (Borago officinalis L.) cultivation. Part II. Influence of mother plant on the yield of borage seeds. Ann. Warsaw Agric. Univ – SGGW, Horticulture, 1, 81–84.
  48. Suchorska K., Osińska E. (1997c). Some aspects of borage (Borago officinalis L.) cultivation. Part III. Influence of the date of sowing on the harvest and germination ability of borage seeds. Ann. Warsaw Agric. Univ. – SGGW, Horticulture, 18, 85–88.
  49. Szempliński, W. (2017). Ogórecznik lekarski (Borago officinalis L.) [Borage (Borago officinalis L.)]. In: Rośliny zielarskie [Herbal plants], Szempliński, W. Wyd. Uniw. Warmińsko Mazurskiego, Olsztyn, 196–197.
  50. Wettasinghe, M., Shahidi, F. (1999). Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging properties of ethanolic extracts of defatted borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds. Food Chem., 67(4), 399–414. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00137-5
  51. Wettasinghe, M., Shahidi, F. (2000). Scavenging of reactive-oxygen species and DPPH free radicals by extracts of borage and evening primrose meals. Food Chem., 70(1), 17–26. DOI: 1016/S0308-8146(99)00269-1
  52. Wettasinghe, M., Shahidi, F., Amarowicz, R., Abou-Zaid, M.M. (2001). Phenolic acids in defatted seeds of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Food Chem., 75(1), 49–56. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00182-0
  53. Zadernowski, R., Naczk, M., Nowak-Polakowska, H. (2002). Phenolic acids of borage (Borago officinalis L.) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.). JAOCS, 79(4), 335–338. DOI: 10.1007/S11746-002-0484-8
  54. Zadernowski, R., Polakowska-Nowak, H., Rashed, A.A. (1999). Lipidy nasion wiesiołka i ogórecznika [Lipids from evening primrose and borage seeds]. Rośliny Oleiste, 20, 581–589.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Inne teksty tego samego autora

1 2 3 > >> 

Podobne artykuły

<< < 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 > >> 

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.