EFFECTS OF OSMOPRIMING ON GERMINATION, VIGOUR AND HEALTH OF Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. SEEDS
Agnieszka Rosińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandHanna Dorna
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandDorota Szopińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, PolandAbstract
Priming is one of the most common methods improving seed quality. The purpose of the research was to study effects of osmopriming on milk thistle seed germination, vigour, health and location of fungi at 10 and 20°C. Seeds (achenes) of two samples (I, II) were primed in the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions of osmotic potentials of -1.0, -1.25 and -1.5 MPa, at 15°C for 3, 5 and 7 days. Applied variants of priming improved energy of seed germination and germination capacity at 10°C in both samples. Enhancement of these parameters was also observed at 20°C, if seeds of sample I were primed in the PEG solutions of osmotic potentials of -1.0 MPa for 7 days and -1.25 and -1.5 MPa for 5 and 7 days. Priming, regardless of
time and osmotic potential of PEG, accelerated seed germination at 10 and 20°C in both samples. Fungi of genera: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium and Rhizopus were frequently identified on the seeds. After priming significantly increased seed infestation with fungi, especially in sample I. The fungi were more often detected in pericarps and seed coats than embryos. Many a time, after priming an increase in inner achene infestation was observed.
Keywords:
milk thistle, seed quality, location of fungiReferences
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Andrzejewska, J., Sadowska, K. (2008). Effect of cultivation conditions on the variability and interrelation of yield and raw material quality in milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 7(3), 3–11.
Awang, D. (1993). Milk thistle. Can. Pharm. J., 422, 403–404.
Bradford, K.J. (1986). Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience, 21(5), 1105–1112.
Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Wierzbowska, J., Damszel, M., Bowszys, T. (2012). The effect of mineral fertilization on achenes yield and fungal communities isolated from the stems of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 157–168.
Dorna, H., Tylkowska, K., Zhao, X. (2001). Effects of osmopriming and Rovral on health and germination of China aster seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 21, 35–44.
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Yaghoubian, I., Raei, Y. (2016). The impact of hydro-priming duration on seed invigoration and field emergence of milk thistle. J. Biodivers. Environ. Sci., 9(2), 229–234.
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Janas, R., Hajdas, H., Szafirowska, A. (2000). Health status and cytological changes in matriconditioned seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 19, 117–125.
Jowkar, M., Ghanbari, A., Moradi, F., Heidari, M. (2012). Alterations in seed vigor and antioxidant enzymes activities in Silybum marianum under seed priming with KNO3. J. Med. Plants Res., 6(7), 1176–1180.
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Kubala, Sz., Garncarska, M., Wojtyla, Ł., Clipie, A., Kosmala, A., Zmienko, A., Lutts, S., Quinet, M. (2015). Deciphering priming-induced improvement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germination through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Plant Sci., 231, 94–113.
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Kucharski, W. (2010). Ostropest plamisty. In: Poradnik dla plantatorów. Uprawa ziół, B. Kołodziej, (ed.). PWRiL, Poznań, 343–347.
Lacey, J. (1992). Effect of environment on growth and mycotoxin production by Alternaria species. In: Alternaria: biology, plant diseases and metabolites, Chełkowski, J., Visconti, A. (eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, 381–407.
Malone, J.P., Muskett, A.E. (1964). Seed borne-fungi. Description of 77 fungus species. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurych, Switzerland.
Mathur, S.B., Kongsdal, O. (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. The International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Mexal, J., Reid, C.P.P. (1973). The growth of selected mycorrhizal fungi in response to induced water stress. Can. J. Bot., 51, 1579–1588.
Morazzoni, P., Bombardelli, E. (1995). Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia, 64, 3–42.
Müzes, G., Deák, G., Láng, I., Nékám, K., Gergely, P., Fehér, J. (1991). Effect of the bioflavonoid silymarin on the in vitro activity and expression of super oxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. Acta Physiol. Hung., 78, 3–9.
Nascimento, W.M., West, S.H. (1998). Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Sci. Technol., 26, 531–534.
Parmoon, G., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S., Davari, M. (2013). The effect of seed priming and accelerated aging on germination and physiochemical changes in milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Not. Sci. Biol., 5(2), 204–211.
Rosińska, A., Jarosz, M., Szopińska, D., Dorna, H., Tylkowska, K. (2013). Comparison of methods for detecting fungi in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds. Folia Hort., 25(2), 107–115.
Sadowska, K., Andrzejewska, J. (2009). Effect of the date harvest method on the yield and quality of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) cultivated of light soil. Herba Pol., 55(3), 47–54.
Sadowski, Cz., Prusiński, J., Baranowska, M., Lemańczyk, G. (1996). The effect of initial water content in yellow lupine seeds on their survival and fungi growth under water and chilling stress. Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 40(1–2), 139–147.
Sedghi, M., Nemati, A., Amanpour-Balaneji, B., Gholipouri, A. (2010). Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Appl. Sci. J., 11(5), 604–609.
Seidler-Łożykowska, K. (2009). Medicinal plant seeds as an element of increasing biodiversity of grassland. SALVARE – Regional workshop in Poland, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 45–47.
Szafirowska, A., Janas, R. (2002). Mycobiota development during matriconditioning of onion seeds. Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 46(2), 11–16.
Szczucińska, A., Lipkowski, W., Baranowska, B., Walisiewicz-Niedbalska,W., Różycki, K., Maciuszczak-Kotlarek, H. (2003). Utylizacja odpadu z nasion ostropestu plamistego. I. Olej z ostropestu plamistego jako antyutleniacz. Rośl. Oleiste, 24, 717–724.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, K. (2003). Effect of osmopriming on location of seed-borne fungi in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 29, 69–80.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, K. (2004). Effect of osmopriming and fungicide treatment on germination, vigour and health of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 31, 45–56.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, S. (2009). Effect of osmopriming on germination, vigour and location of fungi in Zinnia elegans seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 54, 33–44.
Szopińska, D., Wojtaszek, A. (2011). Effect of hydropriming on germination and location of fungi in Zinnia elegans Jacq. seeds. Nauka Przyr. Technol., 5(6), 1–12.
Tylkowska, K., Biniek, A. (1996). Fungi and germination of carrot and parsley seeds under osmopriming and fungicide treatment. Phytopatol. Pol., 12, 51–61.
Tylkowska, K., van den Bulk, R.W. (2001). Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Technol., 29, 365–375.
Valenzuela, A., Aspillaga, M., Vial, S., Guerra, R., (1989). Selectivity of silymarin on the increase in the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat. Planta Med., 55, 420–422.
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. CRC PRESS, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. www.imgw.pl/klimat
www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp
Zhao, X., Li, Y., Dorna, H. (2004). Effect of priming and fungicide treatment on germination of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 32, 417–424.
Andrzejewska, J., Sadowska, K. (2008). Effect of cultivation conditions on the variability and interrelation of yield and raw material quality in milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 7(3), 3–11.
Awang, D. (1993). Milk thistle. Can. Pharm. J., 422, 403–404.
Bradford, K.J. (1986). Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. HortScience, 21(5), 1105–1112.
Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Wierzbowska, J., Damszel, M., Bowszys, T. (2012). The effect of mineral fertilization on achenes yield and fungal communities isolated from the stems of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 157–168.
Dorna, H., Tylkowska, K., Zhao, X. (2001). Effects of osmopriming and Rovral on health and germination of China aster seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 21, 35–44.
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Yaghoubian, I., Raei, Y. (2016). The impact of hydro-priming duration on seed invigoration and field emergence of milk thistle. J. Biodivers. Environ. Sci., 9(2), 229–234.
ISTA (2012). International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland Jalink, H., van der Schoor, R. (1999). SeedCalculator 2.1. License number: 100200122. Plant Research International. Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Janas, R., Hajdas, H., Szafirowska, A. (2000). Health status and cytological changes in matriconditioned seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 19, 117–125.
Jowkar, M., Ghanbari, A., Moradi, F., Heidari, M. (2012). Alterations in seed vigor and antioxidant enzymes activities in Silybum marianum under seed priming with KNO3. J. Med. Plants Res., 6(7), 1176–1180.
Kala, R. (2002). Statystyka dla przyrodników. Wyd. AR, Poznań.
Kubala, Sz., Garncarska, M., Wojtyla, Ł., Clipie, A., Kosmala, A., Zmienko, A., Lutts, S., Quinet, M. (2015). Deciphering priming-induced improvement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germination through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Plant Sci., 231, 94–113.
Kubala, Sz., Wojtyla, Ł., Garncarska, M. (2013). Kondycjonowanie jako strategia uszlachetniania nasion. Post. Biol. Kom., 40(2), 215–230.
Kucharski, W. (2010). Ostropest plamisty. In: Poradnik dla plantatorów. Uprawa ziół, B. Kołodziej, (ed.). PWRiL, Poznań, 343–347.
Lacey, J. (1992). Effect of environment on growth and mycotoxin production by Alternaria species. In: Alternaria: biology, plant diseases and metabolites, Chełkowski, J., Visconti, A. (eds.) Elsevier, Amsterdam, 381–407.
Malone, J.P., Muskett, A.E. (1964). Seed borne-fungi. Description of 77 fungus species. The International Seed Testing Association, Zurych, Switzerland.
Mathur, S.B., Kongsdal, O. (2003). Common laboratory seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. The International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, Switzerland.
Mexal, J., Reid, C.P.P. (1973). The growth of selected mycorrhizal fungi in response to induced water stress. Can. J. Bot., 51, 1579–1588.
Morazzoni, P., Bombardelli, E. (1995). Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia, 64, 3–42.
Müzes, G., Deák, G., Láng, I., Nékám, K., Gergely, P., Fehér, J. (1991). Effect of the bioflavonoid silymarin on the in vitro activity and expression of super oxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. Acta Physiol. Hung., 78, 3–9.
Nascimento, W.M., West, S.H. (1998). Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming. Seed Sci. Technol., 26, 531–534.
Parmoon, G., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S., Davari, M. (2013). The effect of seed priming and accelerated aging on germination and physiochemical changes in milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Not. Sci. Biol., 5(2), 204–211.
Rosińska, A., Jarosz, M., Szopińska, D., Dorna, H., Tylkowska, K. (2013). Comparison of methods for detecting fungi in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn seeds. Folia Hort., 25(2), 107–115.
Sadowska, K., Andrzejewska, J. (2009). Effect of the date harvest method on the yield and quality of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) cultivated of light soil. Herba Pol., 55(3), 47–54.
Sadowski, Cz., Prusiński, J., Baranowska, M., Lemańczyk, G. (1996). The effect of initial water content in yellow lupine seeds on their survival and fungi growth under water and chilling stress. Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 40(1–2), 139–147.
Sedghi, M., Nemati, A., Amanpour-Balaneji, B., Gholipouri, A. (2010). Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Appl. Sci. J., 11(5), 604–609.
Seidler-Łożykowska, K. (2009). Medicinal plant seeds as an element of increasing biodiversity of grassland. SALVARE – Regional workshop in Poland, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 45–47.
Szafirowska, A., Janas, R. (2002). Mycobiota development during matriconditioning of onion seeds. Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 46(2), 11–16.
Szczucińska, A., Lipkowski, W., Baranowska, B., Walisiewicz-Niedbalska,W., Różycki, K., Maciuszczak-Kotlarek, H. (2003). Utylizacja odpadu z nasion ostropestu plamistego. I. Olej z ostropestu plamistego jako antyutleniacz. Rośl. Oleiste, 24, 717–724.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, K. (2003). Effect of osmopriming on location of seed-borne fungi in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 29, 69–80.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, K. (2004). Effect of osmopriming and fungicide treatment on germination, vigour and health of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 31, 45–56.
Szopińska, D., Tylkowska, S. (2009). Effect of osmopriming on germination, vigour and location of fungi in Zinnia elegans seeds. Phytopatol. Pol., 54, 33–44.
Szopińska, D., Wojtaszek, A. (2011). Effect of hydropriming on germination and location of fungi in Zinnia elegans Jacq. seeds. Nauka Przyr. Technol., 5(6), 1–12.
Tylkowska, K., Biniek, A. (1996). Fungi and germination of carrot and parsley seeds under osmopriming and fungicide treatment. Phytopatol. Pol., 12, 51–61.
Tylkowska, K., van den Bulk, R.W. (2001). Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Technol., 29, 365–375.
Valenzuela, A., Aspillaga, M., Vial, S., Guerra, R., (1989). Selectivity of silymarin on the increase in the glutathione content in different tissues of the rat. Planta Med., 55, 420–422.
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. CRC PRESS, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. www.imgw.pl/klimat
www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp
Zhao, X., Li, Y., Dorna, H. (2004). Effect of priming and fungicide treatment on germination of China aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 32, 417–424.
Agnieszka Rosińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Hanna Dorna
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Dorota Szopińska
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
Department of Phytopathology, Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Szamotulska 28, Baranowo, 62-081 Przeźmierowo, Poland
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