FOLIAR APPLICATION OF CALCIUM NITRATE, BORIC ACID AND GIBBERELLIC ACID AFFECTS YIELD AND QUALITY OF POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.)
Nazan Korkmaz
Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Ortaca Vocational School, Ortaca, Mugla-TurkeyMehmet Atilla Askin
Suleyman Demirel University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Isparta-TurkeySezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum-TurkeyVolkan Okatan
Usak University, Sivasli Vocational School, Usak-TurkeyAbstract
Effect of two doses of calcium nitrate (2 and 4%), boric acid (1.5 and 3%) and GA3 (50 and 75 ppm) on yield, fruit characteristics, cracking and sunburn of pomegranate cv. Hicaznar was carried out in a commercial orchard. Calcium nitrate, boric acid and GA3 applications have been done during blossoming period and one month after blossom-ing. The fruit yield has been increased by both doses of calcium nitrate and the 3% boric acid dose in the first year while GA3’s 50 ppm dose had an improving effect in the second year. In the first year, all treatments increased the average fruit weight while in the second year only the 2% calcium nitrate and 3% boric acid were found to be effective. The 3% boric acid treatments reduced the rate of cracking of the fruits in first year and in the sec-ond year all treatments reduced cracking and the best results were obtained in the applica-tions of GA3 and calcium nitrate. The 4% calcium nitrate application reduced the sunburn in the pomegranate fruits and 2% calcium nitrate application increased the amount of the total soluble solids.
Keywords:
fruit cracking, L., sunburn, vitamin CReferences
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Yilmaz, C., Ozguven, A.I. (2003). Fruit cracking in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Alatarım, 2, 4–9.
Alila, P., Achumi, I. (2012). Pre-harvest chemical treatments affect post-harvest quality of Litchi fruit. Acta Hort., 934, 755–761.
Ameen Al-Imam, N.M. (2009). Effect of compound fertilizer and foliar application of iron, gibberellic acid on the growth and yield of Salemy pomegranate cultivar (Punica granatum L.) 2nd study the yield and its physical components. Mesopotamia J. Agric., 37(2), 17–24
Amezquita, N., Balaguera-Lopez, H.E., Alvarez Herrera, J.G. (2008). Effect of preharvest application of gibberellins and calcium on production, fruit quality and cracking of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). Rev. Colombiana de Ciencias Hort. 2, 133–144.
Bajpai, P.K., Warghat, A.R., Sharma, R.K., Yadav, A., Thakur, A.K., Srivastava, R.B., Stobdan, T. (2014). Structure and genetic diversity of natural populations of Morus alba in the Trans-Himalayan Ladakh Region. Biochem. Genet., 52, 137–152.
Bambal, S.B., Wavhaland, K.N., Nasalkar, S.D. (1991). Effect of foliar application of micro-nutrients on fruit quality and yield of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Ganesh). Maha-rashtra J. Hortic., 5(2), 32–36.
Bonomelli, C., Ruiz, R. (2010). Effects of foliar and soil calcium application on yield and quality of table grape cv. Thompson seedless. J. Plant Nutr., 33, 299–314.
Canli, F.A., Sahin, M., Ercisli, S., Yilmaz, O., Temurtas, N., Pektas, M. (2015). Harvest and postharvest quality of sweet cherry are improved by pre-harvest benzyladenine and benzyladenine plus gibberellin applications. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual., 88, 255–258.
Chen, F., Liu, H., Yang, H., Lai, S., Cheng, X., Xin, Y., Yang, B., Hou, H., Yao, Y., Zhang, S., Bu, G., Deng, Y. (2011). Quality attributes and cell wall properties of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) under calcium chloride treatment. Food Chem., 126, 450–459.
Cheng, B.T. (1994). Ameliorating Fragaria and Rubus idoeus productivity through boron and molybdenum addition. Agrochemina, 38, 177–185.
Cline, J.A., Trought, M. (2007). Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries. Canadian J. Plant Sci., 87, 545–550.
Demarty, M., Morvan, C., Thellier, M. (1984). Calcium and the cell wall. Plant Cell Environ., 7, 441–448.
Elmer, P.A.G., Spiers, T.M., Wood, P.N. (2007). Effects of pre-harvest foliar calcium sprays on fruit calcium levels and brown rot of peaches. Crop Protect. 26, 11–18.
Feng, S.G., Lu, J.J., Gao, L., Liu, J.J., Wang, H.Z. (2014). Molecular phylogeny analysis and species identification of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) in China. Biochem. Genet., 52, 127–136.
Ferguson, I.B. (1984). Calcium in plant senescence and fruit ripening. Plant Cell Environ., 7, 477–489.
Gozlekci, S., Ercisli, S., Okturen, F., Sonmez, S. (2011a). Physico-chemical characteristics at three development stages in pomegranate cv. ‘Hicaznar’. Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoc., 39(1), 241–245.
Gozlekci, S., Saracoglu, O., Onursal, E., Ozgen, M. (2011b). Total phenolic distribution of juice, peel, and seed extracts of four pomegranate cultivars. Pharmacogn. Mag., 7(26), 161–164.
Hernandez-Munoz, P., Almena, E., Ocio, M.J., Gavara, R. (2006). Effect of calcium dips and chitosan coating on postharvest life of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa). Postharv. Bio. Tech., 39, 247–253.
Irfan, P.K., Vanjakshi, V., Keshava Prakash, M.N., Ravi, R., Kudachikar, V.B. (2013). Calcium chloride extends the keeping quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) during storage and shelf-life. Postharv. Biol. Tech., 82, 70–75.
Kacar, B. (1984). Plant Nutrition. Ankara Univ. Agricul. Fac., 899, 169–175.
Khalil, H.A., Aly, H.S.H. (2013). Cracking and fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as affected by pre-harvest sprays of some growth regulators and mineral nutrients. J. Hort. Sci. Ornam. Plant., 5, 71–76.
Mlcek, J., Valsikova, M., Druzbikova, H., Ryant, P., Jurikova, T., Sochor, J., Borkovcova, M. (2015). The antioxidant capacity and macroelement content of several onion cultivars. Turk. J. Agric. For., 39, 999–1004.
Lanaouskas, J., Kvikliene, N. (2006). Effect of calcium foliar application on some fruit quality characteristics of ‘Sinap Orlovskij’ apple. Agron. Res., 4, 31–36.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London Academic Press, 2nd ed. 889 pp.
Raese, J.T., Drake, S.R. (2000). Effect of calcium spray materials, rate, time of spray pplication and rootstocks on fruit quality of ‘red’ and ‘ golden delicious’ apples. J. Plant Nutr., 23, 1435–1447.
Ramezanian, A., Rahemi, M., Vazifehshenas, MR. (2009). Effects of foliar application of calcium chloride and urea on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruits. Sci. Hortic., 121,171–175.
Ruttanaprasert, R., Banterng, P., Jogloy, S., Vorasoot, N., Kesmala, T., Kanwar, R.S., Holbrook, C.C., Patanothai, A. (2014). Genotypic variability for tuber yield, biomass, and drought toler-ance in Jerusalem artichoke germplasm. Turk. J. Agric. For., 38, 570–580.
Singh, D.B., Sharma, B.D., Bhargava, R. (2003). Effect of boron and GA3 to control fruit cracking in pomegranate (Punica granatum). Curr. Agric., 27, 125–127.
Yesiloglu, T., Cucu Acikalin, E. (2002). Effects of girdling, GA3 applications and additional nutrient applications on fruit yield, fruit set and fruit size in the Clementine mandarin. Turk. J. Agric. For., 26, 71–78
Yilmaz, C. (2005). The anatomy and physiology of pre harvest fruit cracking in pomegranate. PhD Thesis. Cukurova University, Adana-Turkey, 178 pp.
Yilmaz, C., Ozguven, A.I. (2003). Fruit cracking in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Alatarım, 2, 4–9.
Nazan Korkmaz
Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Ortaca Vocational School, Ortaca, Mugla-Turkey
Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Ortaca Vocational School, Ortaca, Mugla-Turkey
Mehmet Atilla Askin
Suleyman Demirel University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Isparta-Turkey
Suleyman Demirel University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Isparta-Turkey
Sezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum-Turkey
Ataturk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Erzurum-Turkey
Volkan Okatan
Usak University, Sivasli Vocational School, Usak-Turkey
Usak University, Sivasli Vocational School, Usak-Turkey
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