NEMATODES IN THE VINEYARDS IN THE NORTHWESTERN PART OF POLAND
Andrzej Tomasz Skwiercz
University of Warmia-MazuryMagdalena Dzięgielewska
West Pomeranian University of TechnologyPatrycja Szelągowska
West Pomeranian University of TechnologyAbstract
The knowledge on nematodes occurrence in Polish vineyards is poor. The surveys of the species from the rhizosphere of plants were conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 12 vineyards in the northwestern part of Poland. Recovery of the nematodes was made in two steps. First, through incubation of 50 g of the roots on sieve. Second, by centrifugation method using 200 g of soil. Nematodes obtained were killed by hot 6% formaline and then processed to glycerine. Permanent slides were determined to the species using keys. During this process there were obtained nematode species from which 12 belonged to genus of fungivorous, 4 to genus of bacteriavorous and 38 to plant parasitic species. Ten of them are known as nematode vectors of plant viruses (GYFV, CLRV, TRV, AMV, SLRV, GLRaV-1, -2, -3, GVA, GVB, GVE, GFLV, GCMV, GrSPaV, GFkV, GRSPaV). Nematode fauna of vineyards needs broadly searching, especially nematode vectors of plant viruses, which are serious enemy to the vineyards. Studies on Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in vine plants disease complex are necessary.
Keywords:
virus vectors, nematode fauna, Vitis L.References
Andrássy, I. (2007). Free-living nematodes of Hungary (Nematoda errantia). Vol. II. In: Pedozoologica Hungarica No. 4, Csuzdi, Cs., Mahunka, S. (eds). Hungarian Natural History Museum and Systematic Zoology Research Group of HAS, Budapest, 496 pp.
Antoniou, M. (1981). A Nematological survey of vineyards in Cyprus. Nematol. Medit., 9, 133–137.
Belair, G., Dauphinais, N., Fournier, Y., Mauleon, H. (2001). Survey of plant parasitic and entomopatogenic nematodes in vineyards of Quebec. Phytoprotection, 82, 49–55.
Bello, A., Arias, M., Lopez-Perez, J.A., Garcia-Alvarez, A., Fresno, J., Escuer, N., Arcos, S.C., Lacasa Sanz, R., Gomez, P., Diez-Rojo, M.A., Piedara Buaena, A., Goitia, G., De la Horra, J.L., Martinez, C. (2004). Biofumigation, fallow and nematode management in Vineyard replant. Nematropica, 34(1), 53–64.
Brzeski, M.W. (1998). Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Wyd. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 399 pp.
Deimi, A.M., Mitkowski, N. (2010). Nematodes associated with vineyards throughout Markasi province (Arak). Iran. Australas. Plant Pathol., 39(6), 571–577.
Digiaro, M., Boscia, D., Simene, V., Savino, V. (1997). Detrimental effects of filamentous viruses to table grape varieties newly introduced in southern Italy. In: Proc. XII Meeting of ICVG 28 September–2 October, de Sequiera, O.A., Sequiera, J.C., Santos, M.T., (eds). Lisbon, Portugal, 169–170.
Dmowska, E., Winiszewska, G., Wiśniewska, O., Flis, Ł., Gralak, A., Skwiercz, A., Górski, P. (2013). Struktura zespołów nicieni glebowych wskażnikiem kondycji gleb pól ziemniaczanych. Materiały Konf. Ziemniaczanej, maj. Dżwirzyno.
Golis, T., Komorowska, B. (2011). Wirusy winorośli – szkodliwość i wykrywanie w winnicach Polski. V Międzynar. Konf. Winiarska, 25 marca. Kalsk, 47–52.
Guntzel, O., Klinger, J., Delucc, V. (1987). Tylenchids (Nematoda) extracted from soil of Swiss vineyards north of the Alps. Revue Nematol., 10(3),361–368.
Hoestra, H. (1994). Ecology and pathology of replant problems. Acta Hortic., 363, 1–10.
Hubschen, J., Kling, L., Ipah, U., Zinkelnagen, V., Bosselut, N., Esmenjaud, D., Neilson, R. (2004). Validation of the specifity and sensitivity of species-specific primers that provide a reliable molecular diagnostic for Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. index and X. vuittenezi. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 110(8), 779–788.
Karnkowski, W. (2004). Długacz brzoskwiniowiec (Longidorus diadecturus Eveleigh et Allen, 1990. Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) – kwarantannowy gatunek nicienia w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Mat. Instr. dla Pracowników PIORiN. GIORiN CL. Toruń, styczeń 2004, 14 ss.
Komorowska, B., Golis, T., Berniak, H. (2012). Survey of grapevine viruses in Poland. Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Int. Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of the Grapevine ( ICVG.), 7–14 October. Davis, USA, 206–208.
Komorowska, B., Berniak, H., Golis, T. (2014). Detection of grapevine viruses in Poland. J. Phytopathol., 162(2014), 326–331.
Kornobis, S. (1980). Zastosowanie europejskiego systemu rejestracji danych faunistycznych w badaniach nad nicieniami glebowymi w Polsce. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Roln., 232, 143–146.
Kumari, S. (2004). The occurrence of Xiphinema vuittenezi, X. pachtaicum and Longidorus leptocephalus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) in the central Czech Republik. Nematology, 7(1), 81–93.
Kumari, S., Polak, J., Choutka, R. (2005). Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in the vineyards of the Czech Republic. Nematology, 7(1), 81–93.
Lamberti, F., Taylor, C. E., Seinhorst, J.W. (1975). Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Ser. A: Life sciences, Vol. 2. Plenum Publishing Corp. London. New York, 460 pp.
Liskova, M. (1997). Nematodes of the family Longidoridae in the vineyards of Slovakia – indentification keys of the genus Longidorus, Paralongidorus and Xiphinema. Ochrana Rost., 33(3), 203–212.
Loof, P.A., Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key for the idnentification of species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of the X. americanum-group. Sys. Parasitol. 16 (1), 35–66.
Luc, M., Lima, M. B., Weischer, B., Flegg, J.J.M. (1964). Xiphinema vuittenezi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 10, 151–163.
de Man, J.G. (1876). Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdsch. Nederland. Dierkunde. Vereen., 2, 78–196.
Perry, V.G., Darling, H.M., Thorne, G.. (1959). Anatomy, taxonomy and control of certain spiral nematodes attacking blue grass in Wisconsin. Univ. Wisconsin Res. Bul., 207, 1–24.
Pinkerton, J.N., Forge, T.A., Ivores, K.L., Ingham, R.E. (1999). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with grapevines, Vitis vinifera, in Oregon Vineyards. Suppl. J. Nematol., 31(4S), 624–634.
Pinochet, J., Cisneros, T. (1986). Seasonal fluctuations of nematode populations in three Spanish vineyards. Revue Nematol., 9, 391–398.
Raski, D.J. (1952). On the morphology of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936, with desciptions of six new species. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 19, 85–99.
Ravichandra, N.G. (2014). Horticultural nematology. Springer, 412 pp.
Scotto-La Massese, C., Marenaud, C., Dunez, J. (1973). Analyse d’un phenomenede deggenerescence du percher dans la Vallee de l’Eyrieux. Compt. Rend. Agric. le Acad. France, 59, 327–339.
Seinhorst, J.W. (1962). On the killing fixation and transferring to glycerin of nematodes. Nematologica, 8(1), 29–32.
Skwiercz, A.T. (1987). Nicienie pasożyty roślin i ich rola w kompleksowych chorobach drzew i krzewów. Sylwan, 6, 29–35.
Skwiercz, A.T., Dzięgielewska, M. (2014). Plant parasitic nematodes in wine plants in Poland. Summaries of 54th scientific session of IOR-PIB Poznań, 6–7 February, 245 ss.
Szczygieł, A. (1971). Zastosowanie metody wirówkowej do ekstrakcji nicieni z gleby. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Rol., 121, 169–179.
Szczygieł, A., Zepp, A. (1998). An occurrence and importance of apple replant disease in Polish orchards. Acta Hortic., 477, 99–102.
Szczygieł, A., Zepp, A. (2004). The association of plant parasitic nematodes with fruit crops in Poland as related to some soil properties. Fragm. Faun., 47(1), 7–33.
Teliz, D., Landa, B.B., Rapoport, H.F., Camacho, F.P., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., Castillo, P. (2007). Plant-parasitic nematodes infecting grapevine in Southern Spain and susceptible reaction to root-knot nematodes of rootstocks reported as moderately resistant. Plant Dis., 91(9), 1147–1154.
Trojan, P. (1981). Ekologia biocenoz. In: Ekologia ogólna, W., Jarosławska (ed.). Wyd. IV, PWN Warszawa, 285–389.
Weischer, W. B. (1961). Nematoden in Weinbau. Weinberg und Keller, 8, 33–49.
Wilk, K. (2013). Polski rynek win w świetle zmian w krajowych i wspólnotowych uregulowaniach prawnych. Wybrane Problemy Modernizacji Gospodarki. Warszawa, 22, 135–148.
Winiszewska, G. (2008). Check list – Nematoda p. 447–451; 455–459; 462; 472–478. In: Fauna of Poland. Characteristics and Check List of Species, Bogdanowicz, W., Chudzicka, E., Filipiuk, I., Skibińska, E. (eds). Museum i Instytut Zoologii PAN. Warszawa, 603 pp.
Wiśniewska, O., Gralak, A., Flis, Ł., Kornobis, F. (2013). Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards of southern Poland. Prog. Plant Prot., 53(4), 809–813.
Antoniou, M. (1981). A Nematological survey of vineyards in Cyprus. Nematol. Medit., 9, 133–137.
Belair, G., Dauphinais, N., Fournier, Y., Mauleon, H. (2001). Survey of plant parasitic and entomopatogenic nematodes in vineyards of Quebec. Phytoprotection, 82, 49–55.
Bello, A., Arias, M., Lopez-Perez, J.A., Garcia-Alvarez, A., Fresno, J., Escuer, N., Arcos, S.C., Lacasa Sanz, R., Gomez, P., Diez-Rojo, M.A., Piedara Buaena, A., Goitia, G., De la Horra, J.L., Martinez, C. (2004). Biofumigation, fallow and nematode management in Vineyard replant. Nematropica, 34(1), 53–64.
Brzeski, M.W. (1998). Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Wyd. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 399 pp.
Deimi, A.M., Mitkowski, N. (2010). Nematodes associated with vineyards throughout Markasi province (Arak). Iran. Australas. Plant Pathol., 39(6), 571–577.
Digiaro, M., Boscia, D., Simene, V., Savino, V. (1997). Detrimental effects of filamentous viruses to table grape varieties newly introduced in southern Italy. In: Proc. XII Meeting of ICVG 28 September–2 October, de Sequiera, O.A., Sequiera, J.C., Santos, M.T., (eds). Lisbon, Portugal, 169–170.
Dmowska, E., Winiszewska, G., Wiśniewska, O., Flis, Ł., Gralak, A., Skwiercz, A., Górski, P. (2013). Struktura zespołów nicieni glebowych wskażnikiem kondycji gleb pól ziemniaczanych. Materiały Konf. Ziemniaczanej, maj. Dżwirzyno.
Golis, T., Komorowska, B. (2011). Wirusy winorośli – szkodliwość i wykrywanie w winnicach Polski. V Międzynar. Konf. Winiarska, 25 marca. Kalsk, 47–52.
Guntzel, O., Klinger, J., Delucc, V. (1987). Tylenchids (Nematoda) extracted from soil of Swiss vineyards north of the Alps. Revue Nematol., 10(3),361–368.
Hoestra, H. (1994). Ecology and pathology of replant problems. Acta Hortic., 363, 1–10.
Hubschen, J., Kling, L., Ipah, U., Zinkelnagen, V., Bosselut, N., Esmenjaud, D., Neilson, R. (2004). Validation of the specifity and sensitivity of species-specific primers that provide a reliable molecular diagnostic for Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. index and X. vuittenezi. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 110(8), 779–788.
Karnkowski, W. (2004). Długacz brzoskwiniowiec (Longidorus diadecturus Eveleigh et Allen, 1990. Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) – kwarantannowy gatunek nicienia w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Mat. Instr. dla Pracowników PIORiN. GIORiN CL. Toruń, styczeń 2004, 14 ss.
Komorowska, B., Golis, T., Berniak, H. (2012). Survey of grapevine viruses in Poland. Proceedings of the 17th Congress of the Int. Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of the Grapevine ( ICVG.), 7–14 October. Davis, USA, 206–208.
Komorowska, B., Berniak, H., Golis, T. (2014). Detection of grapevine viruses in Poland. J. Phytopathol., 162(2014), 326–331.
Kornobis, S. (1980). Zastosowanie europejskiego systemu rejestracji danych faunistycznych w badaniach nad nicieniami glebowymi w Polsce. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Roln., 232, 143–146.
Kumari, S. (2004). The occurrence of Xiphinema vuittenezi, X. pachtaicum and Longidorus leptocephalus (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) in the central Czech Republik. Nematology, 7(1), 81–93.
Kumari, S., Polak, J., Choutka, R. (2005). Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Xiphinema (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in the vineyards of the Czech Republic. Nematology, 7(1), 81–93.
Lamberti, F., Taylor, C. E., Seinhorst, J.W. (1975). Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Ser. A: Life sciences, Vol. 2. Plenum Publishing Corp. London. New York, 460 pp.
Liskova, M. (1997). Nematodes of the family Longidoridae in the vineyards of Slovakia – indentification keys of the genus Longidorus, Paralongidorus and Xiphinema. Ochrana Rost., 33(3), 203–212.
Loof, P.A., Luc, M. (1990). A revised polytomous key for the idnentification of species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) with exclusion of the X. americanum-group. Sys. Parasitol. 16 (1), 35–66.
Luc, M., Lima, M. B., Weischer, B., Flegg, J.J.M. (1964). Xiphinema vuittenezi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae). Nematologica, 10, 151–163.
de Man, J.G. (1876). Onderzoekingen over vrij in de aarde levende Nematoden. Tijdsch. Nederland. Dierkunde. Vereen., 2, 78–196.
Perry, V.G., Darling, H.M., Thorne, G.. (1959). Anatomy, taxonomy and control of certain spiral nematodes attacking blue grass in Wisconsin. Univ. Wisconsin Res. Bul., 207, 1–24.
Pinkerton, J.N., Forge, T.A., Ivores, K.L., Ingham, R.E. (1999). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with grapevines, Vitis vinifera, in Oregon Vineyards. Suppl. J. Nematol., 31(4S), 624–634.
Pinochet, J., Cisneros, T. (1986). Seasonal fluctuations of nematode populations in three Spanish vineyards. Revue Nematol., 9, 391–398.
Raski, D.J. (1952). On the morphology of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936, with desciptions of six new species. Proc. helminth. Soc. Wash. 19, 85–99.
Ravichandra, N.G. (2014). Horticultural nematology. Springer, 412 pp.
Scotto-La Massese, C., Marenaud, C., Dunez, J. (1973). Analyse d’un phenomenede deggenerescence du percher dans la Vallee de l’Eyrieux. Compt. Rend. Agric. le Acad. France, 59, 327–339.
Seinhorst, J.W. (1962). On the killing fixation and transferring to glycerin of nematodes. Nematologica, 8(1), 29–32.
Skwiercz, A.T. (1987). Nicienie pasożyty roślin i ich rola w kompleksowych chorobach drzew i krzewów. Sylwan, 6, 29–35.
Skwiercz, A.T., Dzięgielewska, M. (2014). Plant parasitic nematodes in wine plants in Poland. Summaries of 54th scientific session of IOR-PIB Poznań, 6–7 February, 245 ss.
Szczygieł, A. (1971). Zastosowanie metody wirówkowej do ekstrakcji nicieni z gleby. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Rol., 121, 169–179.
Szczygieł, A., Zepp, A. (1998). An occurrence and importance of apple replant disease in Polish orchards. Acta Hortic., 477, 99–102.
Szczygieł, A., Zepp, A. (2004). The association of plant parasitic nematodes with fruit crops in Poland as related to some soil properties. Fragm. Faun., 47(1), 7–33.
Teliz, D., Landa, B.B., Rapoport, H.F., Camacho, F.P., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., Castillo, P. (2007). Plant-parasitic nematodes infecting grapevine in Southern Spain and susceptible reaction to root-knot nematodes of rootstocks reported as moderately resistant. Plant Dis., 91(9), 1147–1154.
Trojan, P. (1981). Ekologia biocenoz. In: Ekologia ogólna, W., Jarosławska (ed.). Wyd. IV, PWN Warszawa, 285–389.
Weischer, W. B. (1961). Nematoden in Weinbau. Weinberg und Keller, 8, 33–49.
Wilk, K. (2013). Polski rynek win w świetle zmian w krajowych i wspólnotowych uregulowaniach prawnych. Wybrane Problemy Modernizacji Gospodarki. Warszawa, 22, 135–148.
Winiszewska, G. (2008). Check list – Nematoda p. 447–451; 455–459; 462; 472–478. In: Fauna of Poland. Characteristics and Check List of Species, Bogdanowicz, W., Chudzicka, E., Filipiuk, I., Skibińska, E. (eds). Museum i Instytut Zoologii PAN. Warszawa, 603 pp.
Wiśniewska, O., Gralak, A., Flis, Ł., Kornobis, F. (2013). Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards of southern Poland. Prog. Plant Prot., 53(4), 809–813.
Andrzej Tomasz Skwiercz
University of Warmia-Mazury
University of Warmia-Mazury
Magdalena Dzięgielewska
West Pomeranian University of Technology
West Pomeranian University of Technology
Patrycja Szelągowska
West Pomeranian University of Technology
West Pomeranian University of Technology
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
