MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION OF APPLE IN REPLANT SOILS – ENHANCED TREE GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRIENT STATUS
Maciej Gąstoł
Agricultural University in KrakówIwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz
Agricultural University in KrakówAbstract
The field experiment (2009–2012) was conducted to assess the influence of different biofertilizers (AMF liquid/granular inocula, humic and seaweed extracts) on the growth and yielding of ‘Topaz’/M.26 apple planted on SARD soils in Poland. During conversion to organic orchard trees’ growth, fruit yield, their quality indices as well as nutritional status of leaf and fruit was ascertained. Fruit polyphenol content and their free radical scavenging activity were assessed. Moreover, the mycorrhizal root parameters (mycorrhizal and arbuscules frequency) were also presented. The most vigorous trees were inoculated with liquid inocula MicoPlant M and MicoPlant S. The plants treated with MicoPlant S gave the highest total yield (12.12 kg/tree) and revealed the best productivity (> 1 kg cm-2) as well as the average fruit weight. The liquid suspended inocula were more effective than granular one in terms of mycorrhizal root colonisation. Investigated biofertilizers increased P, K and Cu content of leaf. Organic soil extract (Humi-Plant) decreased P and K content of fruit, while seaweed extracts (AlgaminoPlant) increased Ca amount of fruit. These treatments had the lowest K:Ca ratio. Used biofertilizers influenced apples polyphenol content as well as their antioxidant status.
Keywords:
mycorrhiza, replant disease, macro- and microelements, antioxidantsReferences
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Soil, 228, 299–308.
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Gąstoł, M., Domagała-Świątkiewicz, I. (2010). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and phosphorus fertilization on mineral nutrient status of apple. Acta Biochim. Pol., 57, suppl. 3, 14.
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González-Chávez, M.C., Carillo-González, R., Wright, S.F., Nichols, K.A. (2004). Glomalin: a mechanism for heavy-metal sequestration by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Environ. Pollut.,
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Gosling, P., Hodge, A., Goodlass, G., Bending, G.D. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic farming. Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 113, 17–35.
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farming systems. Pest Manag. Sci., 149–157. [DOI: 10.1002/ps.820].
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van der Heijden, M.G.A., Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Moutoglis, P., Streitwolf-Engel, R., Boller, T., Wiemken, A., Sanders, I.R. (1998). Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant
biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature, 396, 72–75.
Hildebrandt, U., Regvar, M., Bothe, H. (2007). Arbuscular mycorrhiza and heavy metal tolerance. Phytochemistry, 68, 139–146.
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Khan, A.G., Kuek, C., Chaudhry, T.M., Khoo, C.S., Hays, W.J. (2000). Role of plants. Mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contamined land remediation. Chemisphere, 41,
197–297.
Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M.N., Rayorath, P., Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J. Plant Growth Regul.,
28, 386–399.
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Appl. Soil Ecol., 42, 160–165.
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Kulikova, N.A., Stepanova, E.V., Koroleva, O.V. (2005). Mitigating activity of humic substances: direct influence on biota. In: Use of humic substances to remediate polluted environments:
from theory to practice, I.V., Perminova et al. (ed.). Springer Netherlands. 52, 285–309.
Laurent, A.S., Merwin, I.A., Thies, J.E. (2008). Long-term orchard groundcover management systems affect soil microbial communities and apple replant disease severity. Plant Soil, 304,
209–225.
Li, Y., Chen, Y.L., Li, M., Lin, X.G., Liu, R.J. (2012). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities on soil quality and the growth of cucumber seedlings in a greenhouse soil of continuously planting cucumber. Pedosphere, 22(1), 79–87.
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Magdoff, F., Weil, R.R. (2004). Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture. CRC Press, Upper Saddle River.
Manici, L.M., Ciavatta, C., Kelderer, M., Erschbaumer, G. (2003). Replant problems in South Tyrol: role of fungal pathogens and microbial population in conventional and organic apple
orchards. Plant Soil, 256, 315–324.
Mazzola, M. (1999). Transformation of soil microbial community structure and Rhizoctonia suppressive potential in response to apple roots. Phytopatology, 89, 920–927.
Mazzola, M., Gu, Y.H. (2000). Impact of wheat cultivation on microbial communities from replant soil and apple growth in greenhouse trials. Phytopathology, 90, 114–119.
Mazzola, M., Manici, L.M. (2012). Apple replant disease: Role of microbial ecology in cause and control. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 50, 45–65.
Mäder, P., Edenhofer, S., Boller, T., Wiemken, A., Niggli, U. (2000). Arbuscular mycorrhizae in a longterm field trial comparing low-input (organic, biological) and high-input (conventional)
farming systems in a crop rotation. Biol. Fert. Soils, 31, 150–156.
Miransari, M. (2010). Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhize symbiosis to plant growth under different types of soil stress. Plant Biol., 12, 563–569.
Nardia, N., Pizzeghelloa, D., Muscolob, A., Vianelloc, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biol. Biochem., 34, 1527–1536.
Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Ineichen, K., Ris, E.A., Boller, T., Wiemken, A. (2005). Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different soil depths in extensively and intensively
managed agroecosystems. New Phytol., 165, 273–283.
Oehl F., Sieverding E., Ineichen K., Mader P., Boller T., Wiemken A. (2003). Impact of land use intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of central
Europe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 2816–2824.
Otto, G. (1989). Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and phosphorus on water status and growth of apple. In: Interrelationships between microorganisms and plants in soil. V., Vančura, F., Kunc (eds.) Proceedings of an International Symposium, Liblice, Czechoslovakia, Jun. 22–27, 1987, 137–140.
Pacholak, E., Zydlik, Z., Rutkowski, K. (2009). Effect of 30-year cultivation of apple trees on chemical and biochemical conditions of soil designed for replantation. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk
Roln., 536, 161–168.
Pacholczak, A., Szydło, W., Petelewicz, P., Szulczyk, K. (2013). The effect of Algaminoplant on rhizogenesis in stem cuttings of Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart’s Gold’ and ‘Red Baron’ Acta
Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 12(3), 105–116.
Pasławski, P., Migaszewski, M. (2006). The quality of element determinations in plant materials by instrumental methods. Polish J. Environ. Stud., 15(2a), 154–164.
Peterson, R.L., Massicotte, H.B., Melville, L.H. (2004). Mycorrhizas: anatomy and cell biology. NRC Res. Press. Ottawa, Canada. 173 pp.
Ryan, M.H., Angus, J.F. (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizae in wheat and field pea crops on a low P soil: increased Zn-uptake but no increase in P uptake or yield. Plant Soil, 250, 225–239.
Ryan, M.H., Graham, J.H. (2002). Is there a role for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in production agriculture? Plant Soil, 244, 263–271.
Sedláček, M., Pavloušek, P., Lošák, T., Zatloukalová, A., Filipčík, R. Hlušek, J., Vítězová, M. (2013). The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the content of macro and micro elements in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. Acta Univ. Agricult. Silvicult. Mendel. Brun., 61(1), 187–191.
van Schoor, L., Stassen, P.J.C. (2008). Effect of biological soil amendments on tree growth and microbial activity in pome fruit orchards. Acta Hort., 767, 309–318.
Sharma, S.D., Sharma, N.C., Sharma, C.L., Kumar, P, Chandel, A. (2012a). Glomus-Azotobacter symbiosis in apple under reduced inorganic nutrient fertilization for sustainable and economic
orcharding enterprise. Sci. Horticult., 146, 175–181.
Sharma, S.H.S., Lyons, G., McRoberts, C., McCall, D., Carmichael, E., Andrews, F., Swan R., McCormack, R., Mellon, R. (2012b). Biostimulant activity of brown seaweed species from
Strangford Lough: compositional analyses of polysaccharides and bioassay of extracts using mung bean (Vigno mungo L.) and pak choi (Brassica rapa chinensis L.). J. Appl. Phycol.,
24(5), 1081–1091.
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Maciej Gąstoł
Agricultural University in Kraków
Agricultural University in Kraków
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz
Agricultural University in Kraków
Agricultural University in Kraków
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