THE PHENOLOGY OF OCCURRENCE OF DOMINANT PREDATORY SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA) SPECIES IN APPLE ORCHARDS AND ON THEIR EDGES
Hanna Piekarska-Boniecka
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, PolandIdzi Siatkowski
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, PolandJoanna Zyprych-Walczak
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, PolandPaweł Trzciński
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, PolandMarta Rzańska-Wieczorek
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, PolandAbstract
The blooming wild plants in the vicinity of orchards may attract adult Syrphidae to these cultivations. Hence in 2008–2010 studies were conducted around Czempiń (western Wielkopolska) which covered the occurrence of the imagines of 5 dominant predatory Syrphidae species in apple orchards and on their edges. The phenology of Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer), Eupeodes corollae (F.), Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Sphaerophoria scripta (L.) and Syrphus vitripennis Meigen in apple orchards as well as in the neighbouring shrubberies and on the side of the road overgrown with trees and bushes was analysed. A greater abundance of imagines of the studied species was found on the edges than in the apple orchards. Also a preference for either orchards or their sides was indicated for Syrphidae, as they appeared in these biocenoses earlier or later, but not at the same time. A correlation between a mass catch of Syrphidae in the orchards and their edges was found. It was shown that the blooming plants of orchard edges, such as Tilia cordata, Symphoricarpos albus, Cirsium arvense and Galium aparine, could attract Syrphidae imagines to the orchards.
Keywords:
hoverflies, apple orchard, wild attractive plantsReferences
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Branquart, E., Hemptinne, J.L. (2000). Selectivity in the exploitation of floral resources by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ecography, 23, 732–742.
Carreck, N.L., Williams, I.H. (2002). Food for insects pollinators on farmland: insect visits to flowers of annual seed mixtures. J. Insect Conserv., 6, 1, 13–23.
Chambers, R.J., Sunderland, K.D., Stacey, D.L., Wyatt, I.J. (1986). Control of cereal aphids in winter wheat by natural enemies: aphid specific predators, parasitoids, parasitoids and pathogenic fungi. Ann. Appl. Biol., 108, 219–231.
Colley, M.R., Luna, J.M. (2000). Relative attractiveness of potential beneficial insectary plants to aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Environ. Entomol., 29, 5, 1054–1059.
Dean, G.J. (1982). Phenology of aphidophagous predators. Ann. Appl. Biol., 101, 491–515.
Haenke, S., Scheid, B., Schaefer, M., Tscharntke, T., Thies, C. (2009). Increasing syrphid fly diversity and density in sown flower strips within simple vs. complex landscape. J. Appl., 46, 1106–1114.
Hurej, M., Twardowski, J., Nowacki, J., Sienkiewicz, P., Trzciński, P., Łykowski, W. (2015). The comparison of the occurrence of the beneficial insects from Carabidae and Syrphidae families on a mix of flowering plants at two localities of Poland. Prog. Plant Protect., 55, 1, 30–39.
Kelm, M., Biesiada, A., Krawczyk, M., Ciołek, M. (2009). Attractiveness of the flowers of selected herbal plants to the aphidovorous hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 539, 307–311.
MacLeod, A. (1999). Attraction and retention of Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) at an arable field margin with rich and poor floral resouces. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 73, 237–244.
Miňarro, M., Dapena, E. (2001). Predators of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.), in Asturian (NW Spain) apple orchards. Integr. Fruit Prod., IOBC/wprs Bull. 24, 5, 241–245.
Miňarro, M., Hemptinne, J.L., Dapena, E. (2005). Colonization of apple orchards by predator of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control. BioControl, 50, 403–414.
Moericke, V. (1953). Wie finden geflügelte Blattläuse ihre Wirtspflanze? Mitt. Biol. Reich. Berlin, 75, 90–97.
Piekarska-Boniecka, H., Siatkowski, I., Trzciński, P. (2013). The occurrence frequency of Syrphidae (Diptera) species in apple orchards and on their edges. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 12, 5, 143–154.
Pineda, A., Marcos-Garcia, Á. (2008). Use of selected flowering plants in greenhouses to enhance aphidophagous hoverfly populations (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr., 44, 4, 487–492.
R Development Core Team (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: http://www.r-project.org.
Rossi, J., Gamba, U., Pinna, M., Spagnolo, S., Vissentin C., Alma A., 2006. Hoverlies in organic apple orchards in north-western Italy. Bull. Insectol. 59, 2, 111–114.
Sadeghi, H. (2008). Abundance of adult hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) on different flowering plants. Caspian J. Env. Sci., 6, 1, 47–51.
Solomon, M.G., Cross, J.V., Fitzgerald, J.D., Campbell, C.A.M., Jolly, R.L., Olszak, R.W., Niemczyk, E., Vogt, H. (2000). Biocontrol of pests of apples and pears in Northen and Central Europe – 3. Predators. Biocont. Sci. Tech., 10, 91–128.
Souza-Silva, M., Fontenelle, J.C.R., Martins, R.P. (2001). Ecology, behavior and bionomics, seasonal abundance and species composition of flower-visiting flies. Neotrop. Entomol., 30, 3, 351–359.
Speight, M.C.D., Sarthou, J.P. (2010). StN keys for the identification of adult Eutopean Syrphidae 2010. In: Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae., Speigth, M.C.D, Castella, E., Sarthou, J.P., Monteil, C. (eds). Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 108 pp.
Sutherland, J.P., Sullivan, M.S., Poppy, G.M. (2001). Distribution and abundance of aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in wildflower patches and field margin habitats. Agric. Forest Entomol., 3, 57–64.
Trandafirescu, M., Trandafirescu, I., Gavat, C., Spita, V. (2004). Entomophagous complexes of some pests in apple and peach orchards in Southeastern Romania. J. Fruit Ornament. Res., 12, 253–261.
Trzciński, P., Piekarska-Boniecka, H. (2013). Dynamics of predatory Syrphidae in the apple orchard and neighbouring shrubberies. J. Plant Prot. Res., 53, 2, 119–123.
van Veen, M. (2004). Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 256 pp.
Wnuk, A. (1972). Investigations on the species composition of predaceous Syrphidae (Diptera) occurring in the colonies of aphids on fruit trees and shrubs. Pol. Pis. Entomol., 42, 235–247.
Wnuk, A. (1977). Ocena skuteczności drapieżnictwa Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) (Diptera, Syrphidae) w ograniczaniu Aphis pomi (Hom., Aphididae). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 47, 755–760.
Wnuk, A. (1979). Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Diptera, Syrphidae) jako drapieżca mszyc (Homoptera, Aphidodea). Zesz. Nauk. AR Krak., 72 pp.
Wnuk, A. (2004). The occurrence of aphidophagous syrphid (Diptera, Syrphidae) in colonies of Macrosiphum rosae (L.) on roses in the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In: Protection of plant collections against pests and diseases, Wiech, K., Zemanek, B. (eds). Proc. Conf. Cracow, September 19–20, 2002, 2, 44–48.
Wnuk, A. Gospodarek, J. (1999). Occurrence of aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera) in colonies of Aphis fabae L. on its various host plant. Ann. Agricult. Sci. E – Plant Prot., 28, 1–2, 7–15.
Wnuk, A., Medvey, M. (1986). Syrphid predators (Diptera, Syrphidae) occurring in the colonies of currant aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 56, 209–215.
Wnuk, A., Gut, B. (1994). Atrakcyjność kwiatów dziko rosnących Umbellifereae dla mszycożernych Syrphidae (Dipt.). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 63, 197–206.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (1991). The attractiveness of flowers of Cruciferae for the aphidophagous Syrphidae. Folia Hortic., 62, 215–229.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (2007). Effect of intercropping of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) with tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacelifolia Benth.) on the occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop. and predatory Syrphidae. Monograph Aphids and Other Hemipterous Insect 13, 211–217.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E., Waligóra, U. (2009). Atrakcyjność kwiatów facelii błękitnej (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) w przywabianiu mszycożernych bzygowatych (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 539, 743–751.
Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (2004). The occurrence of Liosomaphis berberidis Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphidodea) and its predators on Berberidis vulgaris L. In: Protection of plant collections against pests and diseases, Wiech, K., Zemanek, B. (eds). Proc. Conf. Cracow, September 19–20, 2002, 2, 70–73.
Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E., Wnuk, A. (2012). The occurrence of Syrphidae in Aphis fabae Scop. (Hemiptera) colonies on broad bean intercropped with Phacelia (Part II). J. Plant Protec. Res., 52, 2, 196–201.
Wyss, E. (1995). The effect of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 75, 43–49.
Wyss, E. (1999). Enhancement and release of predaceous arthropods to control aphids in organic apple orchards. Integr. Fruit Prod., IOBC/wprs Bull. 22, 301–305.
Wyss, E., Villiger, M., Muller-Scharer, H. (1999). The potential of three native insect predators to control the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea. Biocontrol, 44, 2, 171–182.
Branquart, E., Hemptinne, J.L. (2000). Selectivity in the exploitation of floral resources by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ecography, 23, 732–742.
Carreck, N.L., Williams, I.H. (2002). Food for insects pollinators on farmland: insect visits to flowers of annual seed mixtures. J. Insect Conserv., 6, 1, 13–23.
Chambers, R.J., Sunderland, K.D., Stacey, D.L., Wyatt, I.J. (1986). Control of cereal aphids in winter wheat by natural enemies: aphid specific predators, parasitoids, parasitoids and pathogenic fungi. Ann. Appl. Biol., 108, 219–231.
Colley, M.R., Luna, J.M. (2000). Relative attractiveness of potential beneficial insectary plants to aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Environ. Entomol., 29, 5, 1054–1059.
Dean, G.J. (1982). Phenology of aphidophagous predators. Ann. Appl. Biol., 101, 491–515.
Haenke, S., Scheid, B., Schaefer, M., Tscharntke, T., Thies, C. (2009). Increasing syrphid fly diversity and density in sown flower strips within simple vs. complex landscape. J. Appl., 46, 1106–1114.
Hurej, M., Twardowski, J., Nowacki, J., Sienkiewicz, P., Trzciński, P., Łykowski, W. (2015). The comparison of the occurrence of the beneficial insects from Carabidae and Syrphidae families on a mix of flowering plants at two localities of Poland. Prog. Plant Protect., 55, 1, 30–39.
Kelm, M., Biesiada, A., Krawczyk, M., Ciołek, M. (2009). Attractiveness of the flowers of selected herbal plants to the aphidovorous hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln., 539, 307–311.
MacLeod, A. (1999). Attraction and retention of Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) at an arable field margin with rich and poor floral resouces. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 73, 237–244.
Miňarro, M., Dapena, E. (2001). Predators of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.), in Asturian (NW Spain) apple orchards. Integr. Fruit Prod., IOBC/wprs Bull. 24, 5, 241–245.
Miňarro, M., Hemptinne, J.L., Dapena, E. (2005). Colonization of apple orchards by predator of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control. BioControl, 50, 403–414.
Moericke, V. (1953). Wie finden geflügelte Blattläuse ihre Wirtspflanze? Mitt. Biol. Reich. Berlin, 75, 90–97.
Piekarska-Boniecka, H., Siatkowski, I., Trzciński, P. (2013). The occurrence frequency of Syrphidae (Diptera) species in apple orchards and on their edges. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 12, 5, 143–154.
Pineda, A., Marcos-Garcia, Á. (2008). Use of selected flowering plants in greenhouses to enhance aphidophagous hoverfly populations (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr., 44, 4, 487–492.
R Development Core Team (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: http://www.r-project.org.
Rossi, J., Gamba, U., Pinna, M., Spagnolo, S., Vissentin C., Alma A., 2006. Hoverlies in organic apple orchards in north-western Italy. Bull. Insectol. 59, 2, 111–114.
Sadeghi, H. (2008). Abundance of adult hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) on different flowering plants. Caspian J. Env. Sci., 6, 1, 47–51.
Solomon, M.G., Cross, J.V., Fitzgerald, J.D., Campbell, C.A.M., Jolly, R.L., Olszak, R.W., Niemczyk, E., Vogt, H. (2000). Biocontrol of pests of apples and pears in Northen and Central Europe – 3. Predators. Biocont. Sci. Tech., 10, 91–128.
Souza-Silva, M., Fontenelle, J.C.R., Martins, R.P. (2001). Ecology, behavior and bionomics, seasonal abundance and species composition of flower-visiting flies. Neotrop. Entomol., 30, 3, 351–359.
Speight, M.C.D., Sarthou, J.P. (2010). StN keys for the identification of adult Eutopean Syrphidae 2010. In: Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae., Speigth, M.C.D, Castella, E., Sarthou, J.P., Monteil, C. (eds). Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 108 pp.
Sutherland, J.P., Sullivan, M.S., Poppy, G.M. (2001). Distribution and abundance of aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in wildflower patches and field margin habitats. Agric. Forest Entomol., 3, 57–64.
Trandafirescu, M., Trandafirescu, I., Gavat, C., Spita, V. (2004). Entomophagous complexes of some pests in apple and peach orchards in Southeastern Romania. J. Fruit Ornament. Res., 12, 253–261.
Trzciński, P., Piekarska-Boniecka, H. (2013). Dynamics of predatory Syrphidae in the apple orchard and neighbouring shrubberies. J. Plant Prot. Res., 53, 2, 119–123.
van Veen, M. (2004). Hoverflies of Northwest Europe: identification keys to the Syrphidae. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 256 pp.
Wnuk, A. (1972). Investigations on the species composition of predaceous Syrphidae (Diptera) occurring in the colonies of aphids on fruit trees and shrubs. Pol. Pis. Entomol., 42, 235–247.
Wnuk, A. (1977). Ocena skuteczności drapieżnictwa Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.) (Diptera, Syrphidae) w ograniczaniu Aphis pomi (Hom., Aphididae). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 47, 755–760.
Wnuk, A. (1979). Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Diptera, Syrphidae) jako drapieżca mszyc (Homoptera, Aphidodea). Zesz. Nauk. AR Krak., 72 pp.
Wnuk, A. (2004). The occurrence of aphidophagous syrphid (Diptera, Syrphidae) in colonies of Macrosiphum rosae (L.) on roses in the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In: Protection of plant collections against pests and diseases, Wiech, K., Zemanek, B. (eds). Proc. Conf. Cracow, September 19–20, 2002, 2, 44–48.
Wnuk, A. Gospodarek, J. (1999). Occurrence of aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera) in colonies of Aphis fabae L. on its various host plant. Ann. Agricult. Sci. E – Plant Prot., 28, 1–2, 7–15.
Wnuk, A., Medvey, M. (1986). Syrphid predators (Diptera, Syrphidae) occurring in the colonies of currant aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 56, 209–215.
Wnuk, A., Gut, B. (1994). Atrakcyjność kwiatów dziko rosnących Umbellifereae dla mszycożernych Syrphidae (Dipt.). Pol. Pis. Entomol., 63, 197–206.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (1991). The attractiveness of flowers of Cruciferae for the aphidophagous Syrphidae. Folia Hortic., 62, 215–229.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (2007). Effect of intercropping of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) with tansy phacelia (Phacelia tanacelifolia Benth.) on the occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop. and predatory Syrphidae. Monograph Aphids and Other Hemipterous Insect 13, 211–217.
Wnuk, A., Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E., Waligóra, U. (2009). Atrakcyjność kwiatów facelii błękitnej (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) w przywabianiu mszycożernych bzygowatych (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 539, 743–751.
Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E. (2004). The occurrence of Liosomaphis berberidis Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphidodea) and its predators on Berberidis vulgaris L. In: Protection of plant collections against pests and diseases, Wiech, K., Zemanek, B. (eds). Proc. Conf. Cracow, September 19–20, 2002, 2, 70–73.
Wojciechowicz-Żytko, E., Wnuk, A. (2012). The occurrence of Syrphidae in Aphis fabae Scop. (Hemiptera) colonies on broad bean intercropped with Phacelia (Part II). J. Plant Protec. Res., 52, 2, 196–201.
Wyss, E. (1995). The effect of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 75, 43–49.
Wyss, E. (1999). Enhancement and release of predaceous arthropods to control aphids in organic apple orchards. Integr. Fruit Prod., IOBC/wprs Bull. 22, 301–305.
Wyss, E., Villiger, M., Muller-Scharer, H. (1999). The potential of three native insect predators to control the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea. Biocontrol, 44, 2, 171–182.
Hanna Piekarska-Boniecka
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Idzi Siatkowski
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Joanna Zyprych-Walczak
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Paweł Trzciński
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Marta Rzańska-Wieczorek
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poland
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