THE EFFECT OF BIOPREPARATIONS ON ROOT GROWTH AND MICROBIOL ACTIVITY IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF APPLE TREES
Edyta Derkowska
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, PolandLidia Sas Paszt
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, PolandAnton Harbuzov
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, PolandPaweł Trzciński
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, PolandAleksandra Bogumił
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, PolandAbstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of various biopreparations on the growth of the apple root system, the number of spores of AMF, the total number of bacteria and microscopic fungi in the rhizosphere soil, and the degree of mycorrhizal association in the roots of two apple tree cultivars. The experiment was established in the spring of 2009 in the Experimental Orchard of the Institute of Horticulture in Dąbrowice. The research objects were one-year-old maidens of the apple cultivars ‘Topaz’ and ‘Ariva’ grafted on M26 rootstock. The trees were treated with the following biopreparations: control, control NPK (standard NPK fertilization), manure, Micosat F + manure, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, BioFeed Amin + manure, BioFeed Quality + manure, Tytanit + manure, Vinassa + manure, Florovit Eko, and Florovit Pro Natura. Treatment of ‘Topaz’ and ‘Ariva’ apple trees with the biopreparations Micosat F, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, BioFeed Amin, Vinassa, Florovit Eko and Florovit Pro Natura produced positive effects on the growth of apple roots and their mycorrhizal frequency,
and the size of the populations of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil.
Keywords:
bioproducts, filamentous fungi, AM fungi, rhizosphere bacteria, Malus Mill., number of sporesReferences
Arsenault J.L., Poulcur S., Messier C., Guay R., 1995. WIN-RHIZO a root-measuring system with a unique overlap correction method. HortSci., 30, 906.
Bielicki P., Czynczyk A., Nowakowski S., 2002. Influence of plant material quality on growth and field of two apple cultivars. Veget. Grow., 21(4), 33–38.
Błaszkowski J., 2003. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). Endogone and Complexipes species deposited in the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture in Szczecin, Poland. http://www-agro.ar.szczecin.pl/ ~jblaszkowski/.
Błaszkowski J., 2008. Metody izolowania, hodowania i identyfikowania arbuskularnych grzybów mikoryzowych z gromady Glomeromycota. W: Mykologiczne badania terenowe. Przewodnik metodyczny, W. Mułenko (ed.). Wyd. UMCS, 142–163.
Canbolat M.Y., Bilen S., Çakmakçi R., Sahin F., Aydin A., 2006. Effect of plant growthpromoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rizosphere microflora. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 42, 350–357.
Chang E.H., Chung R.S., Tsai Y.H., 2007. Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 53, 132–140.
Chelariu E.L., Draghia L., Bireescu G., Bireescu L., Brânză M., 2009. Research regarding the influence of vinassa fertilization on Gomphrena globosa species. Lucr. ştiinţifice, USAMV Iaşi, ser. Horticultură, ed. Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iaş, 615–620.
Chelariu E.L., Ionel A., 2005. Results regarding the influence of fertilization with Vinassa Rompak upon the crop yield at Sante potato species. 4th International Symposium, Buletinul U.S.A.M.V. Cluj-Napoca, Seria Agricultură 61, 408.
Derkowska E., Sas Paszt L., Sumorok B., Dyki B., 2013. Colonization of apple and blackcurrant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following mycorrhization and the use of organic mulches. Folia Hort., 25 (2), 117–122.
Forge T., Muahlchen A., Hackenberg C., Neilsen G., Vrain T., 2001. Effects of preplant inoculation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on population growth of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans. Plant Soil, 236, 185–196.
Gomonowa N.F., Skvortsova I.N, Zenova G.M., 2007. Effect of the long-term application of different fertilization systems on soddy-podzolic soils. Eurasian Soil Sci., 40(4), 456–462.
Grzyb Z.S., Piotrowski W., Bielicki P., Sas Paszt L., Malusà E., 2012. Effect of different fertilizers and amendments on the growth of apple and sour cherry rootstocks in an organic nursery. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 20(1), 43–53.
Grzyb Z.S., Piotrowski W., Sas Paszt L., Pąśko M., 2013. Badania wstępne nad wpływem różnych biopreparatów na zmiany odczynu i zawartość składników w glebie i liściach okulantów jabłoni i wiśni. J. Res. Appli. Agric. Eng., 58(3), 198–203.
Grzyb Z.S., Pruski K., Piotrowski W., Sas Paszt L., 2014. The effects of various bioproducts and soil conditioners used in the organic nursery on the growth and fruiting of young apple trees in the orchard. Hort Sci. (in press).
Lizarazo L.M., Jordá J.D., Juárez M., Sánchez-Andreu J., 2005. Effect of humic amendments on inorganic N, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities of a Mediterranean soil. Biol. Fert. Soils, 42, 172–177.
Malusa E., Sas Paszt L., Popińska W., Żurawicz E., 2007. The effect of the substrate containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rizosphere microorganisms (Trichoderma Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomonas) and foliar fertilization on growth response and rhizosphere pH of three strawberry cultivars. Intern. J. Fruit. Sci., 6, 25–41.
Meszka B., Bielenin A., 2009. Bioproducts in control of strawberry verticillium wilt. Phytopathologia, 52, 21–27.
Purin S., Filho K.O., Stürmer S.L., 2006. Mycorrhizae activity and diversity in conventional and organic apple orchards from Brazil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 38, 1831–1839.
Sas Paszt L., Sumorok B., Malusa E., Głuszek S., Derkowska E., 2011. The influence of bioproducts on root growth and mycorrhizal occurrence in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants ‘Elsanta’. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(1), 13–33.
Sas Paszt L., Żurawicz E., 2005. Studies of the rhizosphere of strawberry plants at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. Inter. J. Fruit Sci., 5(1), 115–126.
Skupień K., Oszmianski J., 2007. Influence o titanium treatment on antioxidants and antioxidant activity of strawberries. Acta Sci. Pol., Technologia Alimentaria, 6(4), 83–94.
Sumorok B., Sas Paszt L., Głuszek S., Derkowska E., Żurawicz E., 2011. The effect of mycorrhization and mulching of Apple trees ‘Gold Milenium’ and blackcurrant bushes ‘Tiben’ on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(1), 35–49.
Trouvelot A., Kough J.L., Gianinazzi-Pearson V., 1986. Mesure du taux de mycorhization VA d’un systeme radiculaire. Recherche de methods d’estimation ayant une signification fonctionnelle. In: Physiological and genetical aspects of mycorrhizae, Gianinazzi-Pearson V., Gianinazzi S. (eds). Inra, Paris, 217–221.
Vieira F.C.S., Nahas E., 2005. Comparison of microbial numbers in soils by using various culture media and temperatures. Microbiol. Res. 160, 197–202.
Zachariakis M., Tzorakakis E., Kritsotakis I., Siminis C.I., Manios V., 2001. Humic substances stimulate plant growth and nutrient accumulation in grapevine rootstocks. Acta Hort., 549, 131–136.
Bielicki P., Czynczyk A., Nowakowski S., 2002. Influence of plant material quality on growth and field of two apple cultivars. Veget. Grow., 21(4), 33–38.
Błaszkowski J., 2003. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). Endogone and Complexipes species deposited in the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture in Szczecin, Poland. http://www-agro.ar.szczecin.pl/ ~jblaszkowski/.
Błaszkowski J., 2008. Metody izolowania, hodowania i identyfikowania arbuskularnych grzybów mikoryzowych z gromady Glomeromycota. W: Mykologiczne badania terenowe. Przewodnik metodyczny, W. Mułenko (ed.). Wyd. UMCS, 142–163.
Canbolat M.Y., Bilen S., Çakmakçi R., Sahin F., Aydin A., 2006. Effect of plant growthpromoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rizosphere microflora. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 42, 350–357.
Chang E.H., Chung R.S., Tsai Y.H., 2007. Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 53, 132–140.
Chelariu E.L., Draghia L., Bireescu G., Bireescu L., Brânză M., 2009. Research regarding the influence of vinassa fertilization on Gomphrena globosa species. Lucr. ştiinţifice, USAMV Iaşi, ser. Horticultură, ed. Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iaş, 615–620.
Chelariu E.L., Ionel A., 2005. Results regarding the influence of fertilization with Vinassa Rompak upon the crop yield at Sante potato species. 4th International Symposium, Buletinul U.S.A.M.V. Cluj-Napoca, Seria Agricultură 61, 408.
Derkowska E., Sas Paszt L., Sumorok B., Dyki B., 2013. Colonization of apple and blackcurrant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following mycorrhization and the use of organic mulches. Folia Hort., 25 (2), 117–122.
Forge T., Muahlchen A., Hackenberg C., Neilsen G., Vrain T., 2001. Effects of preplant inoculation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on population growth of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans. Plant Soil, 236, 185–196.
Gomonowa N.F., Skvortsova I.N, Zenova G.M., 2007. Effect of the long-term application of different fertilization systems on soddy-podzolic soils. Eurasian Soil Sci., 40(4), 456–462.
Grzyb Z.S., Piotrowski W., Bielicki P., Sas Paszt L., Malusà E., 2012. Effect of different fertilizers and amendments on the growth of apple and sour cherry rootstocks in an organic nursery. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 20(1), 43–53.
Grzyb Z.S., Piotrowski W., Sas Paszt L., Pąśko M., 2013. Badania wstępne nad wpływem różnych biopreparatów na zmiany odczynu i zawartość składników w glebie i liściach okulantów jabłoni i wiśni. J. Res. Appli. Agric. Eng., 58(3), 198–203.
Grzyb Z.S., Pruski K., Piotrowski W., Sas Paszt L., 2014. The effects of various bioproducts and soil conditioners used in the organic nursery on the growth and fruiting of young apple trees in the orchard. Hort Sci. (in press).
Lizarazo L.M., Jordá J.D., Juárez M., Sánchez-Andreu J., 2005. Effect of humic amendments on inorganic N, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities of a Mediterranean soil. Biol. Fert. Soils, 42, 172–177.
Malusa E., Sas Paszt L., Popińska W., Żurawicz E., 2007. The effect of the substrate containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rizosphere microorganisms (Trichoderma Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomonas) and foliar fertilization on growth response and rhizosphere pH of three strawberry cultivars. Intern. J. Fruit. Sci., 6, 25–41.
Meszka B., Bielenin A., 2009. Bioproducts in control of strawberry verticillium wilt. Phytopathologia, 52, 21–27.
Purin S., Filho K.O., Stürmer S.L., 2006. Mycorrhizae activity and diversity in conventional and organic apple orchards from Brazil. Soil Biol. Biochem., 38, 1831–1839.
Sas Paszt L., Sumorok B., Malusa E., Głuszek S., Derkowska E., 2011. The influence of bioproducts on root growth and mycorrhizal occurrence in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants ‘Elsanta’. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(1), 13–33.
Sas Paszt L., Żurawicz E., 2005. Studies of the rhizosphere of strawberry plants at the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. Inter. J. Fruit Sci., 5(1), 115–126.
Skupień K., Oszmianski J., 2007. Influence o titanium treatment on antioxidants and antioxidant activity of strawberries. Acta Sci. Pol., Technologia Alimentaria, 6(4), 83–94.
Sumorok B., Sas Paszt L., Głuszek S., Derkowska E., Żurawicz E., 2011. The effect of mycorrhization and mulching of Apple trees ‘Gold Milenium’ and blackcurrant bushes ‘Tiben’ on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(1), 35–49.
Trouvelot A., Kough J.L., Gianinazzi-Pearson V., 1986. Mesure du taux de mycorhization VA d’un systeme radiculaire. Recherche de methods d’estimation ayant une signification fonctionnelle. In: Physiological and genetical aspects of mycorrhizae, Gianinazzi-Pearson V., Gianinazzi S. (eds). Inra, Paris, 217–221.
Vieira F.C.S., Nahas E., 2005. Comparison of microbial numbers in soils by using various culture media and temperatures. Microbiol. Res. 160, 197–202.
Zachariakis M., Tzorakakis E., Kritsotakis I., Siminis C.I., Manios V., 2001. Humic substances stimulate plant growth and nutrient accumulation in grapevine rootstocks. Acta Hort., 549, 131–136.
Edyta Derkowska
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Lidia Sas Paszt
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Anton Harbuzov
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Paweł Trzciński
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Aleksandra Bogumił
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
