Abstract
No-tillage cultivation with living mulch offers several benefits related to environmental protection and fulfills requirements of sustainable agriculture very well, however there are only few reports on vegetable cultivation using this method and referring to natural conditions of Poland. In three years field experiment stake tomatoes cv. Malinowy Ożarowski grown on no-tilled plots covered with wintering hairy vetch as a living mulch produced significantly lower total and marketable yield in comparison to conventional cultivation. Yield of fruits infested with potato blight was also significantly lower but their share in total yield was much higher. Content of carotenoids, monosaccharides and total sugars in fruits harvested under conventional cultivation was significantly higher and content of dry matter was significantly lower in comparison to no-tillage and content of vitamin C was independent of cultivation method. At time of full fruiting, leaves of tomatoes
grown on plots covered with mulch contained more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and content of calcium and magnesium did not depend of cultivation method. Method of cultivation did not affect root-taking of potted tomato transplants but then tomatoes grown on plots covered with living mulch were dominated by hairy vetch and grew much slower till third decade of July when majority of vetch plants decayed. Growth of tomatoes in vetch mulch was much more differentiated during whole vegetation period. Living and then dry vetch mulch covered soil surface almost entirely and suppressed annual weeds well. Average decade temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth of conventionally cultivated soil was usually higher and soil moisture in 0–40 cm layer was significantly lower than those of soil covered with mulch. Cultivation method did not affect soil total porosity nor bulk density. At time of tomato planting, fresh and air-dry weight of hairy
vetch was 39.7 t·ha-1 and 6.5 t·ha-1 on an average respectively and it contained 180 kg N, 43 kg P, 209 kg K, 51 kg Ca and 12 kg Mg. Studied cultivation method offered several benefits related to environmental protection but was more management intensive and variable than conventional tillage.
References
Abdul-Baki A.A., Teasdale J.R., 1993. A No-tillage Tomato Production System Using Hairy Vetch and Subterranean Clover Mulches. HortSci. 28(2), 106–108.
Abdul-Baki A.A., Stommel J.R., Watada A.E., Teasdale J.R., Morse R.D., 1996. Hairy vetch mulch favorably impacts yield of processing tomatoes. HortSci. 31(3), 338–340.
Adamczewska-Sowińska K., Kołota E., 2002. Living mulches in field tomato production. Folia Hort. 14(2), 45–51.
Ashworth S., Harrison H., 1983. Evaluation of Mulches for Use in the Home Garden. HortSci. 18(2), 180–183.
Borowy A., Jelonkiewicz M., 2000. Weed Infestation, Growth, Yield and Content of Macroelements in Snap Bean Plants Under No-tillage Cultivation Using Rye as Cover Crop. Annales UMCS, Sect. EEE, Horticultura, VIII, Suppl., 261–268.
Borowy A., Komosa A., 2003. Wzrost i plonowanie pomidora w uprawie bezorkowej z użyciem żyta jako rośliny okrywowej i trzykrotnym nawożeniem pogłównym. Folia Hort., Suppl. 1, 425–427.
Borowy A., Konopiński M., Jelonkiewicz M., 2000. Effect of no-tillage and rye mulch on soil properties, weed infestation and yield of carrot and red beet. Ann. AFPP, Proc. XI Col. Int. Sur La Biologie Des Mauvaises Herbes, Dijon, 339–345.
Bradow J.M., Connick W.J., Jr. 1990. Volatile Seed Germination Inhibitors from Plant Residues. J. Chem. Ecol. 16, 645–666.
Brandsaeter L.O., Netland J., 1999. Winter Annual Legumes for Use as Cover Crops in Row Crops in Northern Regions: I. Field Experiments. Crop Sci. 39, 1369–1379.
Bugg R.L., 1992. Using Cover Crops to Manage Arthropods on Truck Farms. HortSci. 27, 741–745.
Decker A.M., Clark A.J., Meisinger J.J., Mulford F.R., McIntosh M.S., 1994. Legume cover crop contributions to no-tillage corn production. Agron. J. 86, 126–135.
Dobrzański A., 1999. Ochrona warzyw przed chwastami. PWRiL, Warszawa, 34–35.
Hartwig N.L., Ammon H. U., 2002. Cover crops and living mulches. Weed Sci. 50, 688–699.
Hoffman M.L., Regnier E.E., 2006. Contributions to Weed Suppression from Cover Crops. In: Sustainable Weed Management, eds Singh P., Batish D.R., Kohli R.K., Food Products Press, New York, 51–75.
Hooks C.R.R., Johnson M.W., 2004. Using undersown clovers as living mulches: effects on yields, lepidopterous pest infestations, and spider densities in a Hawaiian broccoli agroecosystem. Intern. J. Pest Manag., 50(2), 115–120.
Hoyt G.D., Monks D.W., Monaco T.J., 1994. Conservation Tillage for Vegetable Production. HortTechnol. 4(2), 129–134.
Jabłoński B., Świętochowski B., Radomska M., 1996. Teoretyczne podstawy uprawy roli. [W:] Ogólna uprawa roli i roślin, red. Świętochowski B., Jabłoński B., Radomska M., Krężel R., PWRiL, Warszawa, 88–196.
Jelonkiewicz M., Borowy A., 2000. Rye intercrop management in transplant tomatoes. Acta Physiol. Plant. 22(3), 377–378.
Jelonkiewicz M., Borowy A., 2005. Effect of rye mulch on growth of weeds under no-tillage cultivation. Allelopathy J. 16(1), 113–122.
Jelonkiewicz M., Borowy A., 2009. Growth and yield of cucumber under no-tillage cultivation using rye as a cover crop. Acta Agrobot. 62(1), 147–153.
Knavel D.E., Ellis J., Morrison J., 1977. The Effects of Tillage Systems on the Performance and Elemental Absorbtion by Selected Vegetable Crops. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102(3), 323–327.
Knavel D.E., Herron J.W., 1981. Influence of Tillage System, Plant Spacing, and Nitrogen on Head Weight, Yield and Nutrient Concentration of Spring Cabbage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106(5), 540–545.
Kołota E., Adamczewska-Sowińska K., 2003. Zastosowanie roślin okrywowych i żywych ściółek w polowej uprawie warzyw. Post. Nauk. Rol. 2, 3–14.
Konopiński M., Kęsik T., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2001. Wpływ mulczowania międzyplonowymi roślinami okrywowymi i uprawy zerowej na kształtowanie wilgotności i zagęszczenia gleby. Acta Agrophysica, 2001, 45, 105–116.
Konopiński M., Kęsik T., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2002. Agrofizyczne aspekty uproszczeń w uprawie roli. Acta Agrophysica, 2002, 60, 119–130.
Kotliński S., 2001. Przydatność ozimych roślin okrywowych w uprawie warzyw. Mat. Ogólnop. Konf. Nauk. „Biologiczne i Agrotechniczne Kierunki Rozwoju Warzywnictwa”, 21–22 czerwca, Instytut Warzywnictwa, Skierniewice, 82–83.
Kotliński S., Abdul-Baki A.A., 2000. Rośliny okrywowe w uprawie pomidora a porażenie liści przez zarazę ziemniaka Phytophthora infestans. Prog. Plant Prot. 40(2), 893–896.
Lal R., 2008. Sustainable Horticulture and Resource Management. Acta Hort. 767, ISHS, 19–43.
Leary J., DeFrank J., 2000. Living Mulches For Organic Farming Systems. HortTechnol. 10(4), 692–698.
Liebl R., Simmons F.W., Wax L.M., Stoller E.W., 1992. Effect of Rye (Secale cereale) Mulch on Weed Control and Soil Moisture in Soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6(4), 838–846.
Maletta M., Janes H.W., 1987. Interrelation of root and shoot temperatures on dry matter accumulation and root growth in tomato seedlings. J. Hort. Sci. 62(1), 49–54.
Masiunas J B., 1998. Production of Vegetables Using Cover Crop and Living Mulches – A Review. J. Veg. Crop Prod. 4(1), 11–31.
Masiunas J.B., Eastburn D.M., Mwaja V.N., Estman C.E., 1997. The Impact of Living and Cover Crop Mulch System on Pests and Yield of Snap Beans and Cabbage. J. Sustain. Agric., 9(2/3), 61–89.
Mullins C.A., Tompkins F.D., Parks W.L., 1980. Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrient Distribution, Plant Nutrient Absorbtion, Stand, and Yields of Snap Bean and Lima Beans. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105(4), 591–593.
Nelson W.A., Kahn B.A., Roberts B.W., 1991. Screening Cover Crops for Use in Conservation Tillage Systems for Vegetables Following Spring Plowing. HortSci. 26(7), 860–862.
Nieróbca A., 2005. Comparison of soil temperature in bare fallow and in soil under lawn. Acta Agrophysica, 6(2), 443–453.
Pimentel D., Harvey C., Resosudarmo P., Sinclair K., Kurz D., McNair M., Crist S., Shpritz L., Fitton L., Saffouri R., Blair R., 1995. Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits. Science 267, 1117–1123.
Poniedziałek M., Stokowska E., 1999. Możliwości ograniczania zabiegów uprawowych u kapusty głowiastej białej przez zastosowanie zielonych ściółek. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 466, 301–308.
Prasifka J.R., Schmidt N.P., Kohler K.A., O’Neal M.E., Hellmich R.L., Singer J.W., 2006. Effects of Living Mulches on Predator Abundance and Sentinel Prey in a Corn-Soybean-Forage Rotation. Environ. Entomol. 35(5), 1423–1431.
Sainju U.M., Singh B.P., 1997. Winter Cover Crops for Sustainable Agricultural Systems: Influence on Soil Properties, Water Quality, and Crop Yields. HortSci. 32(1), 21–28.
Skąpski H., Borowy A., 2000. Pomidor. W: Polowa uprawa warzyw, red. M. Orłowski, Wyd. Brasika, Szczecin, 170–192.
Teasdale J.R., 1993. Interaction of Light, Soil Moisture, and Temperature with Weed Suppresion by Hairy Vetch Residue. Weed Sci. 41, 46–52.
Teasdale J.R., Abdul-Baki A.A., 1995. Soil Temperature and Tomato Growth Associated with Black Polyethylene and Hairy Vetch Mulches. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120(5), 848–853.
Teasdale J. R., Abdul-Baki A. A., Mills D. J., Thorpe K. W., 2004. Enhancend Pest Management with Cover Crop Mulches. Acta Hort. 638, 135–140.
Teasdale J.R., Daughtry C.S.T., 1993. Weed Suppression by Live and Dessicated Hairy Vetch. Weed Sci. 41, 207–212.
Teasdale J.R., Mohler C.L., 1993. Light Transmittance, Soil Temperature, and Soil Moisture under Residue of Hairy Vetch and Rye. Agron. J. 85, 673–680.
Tindall J. A., Mills H. A., Radcliffe D. E., 1990. The Effect of Root Zone Temperature on Nutrient Uptake of Tomato. J. Plant Nutr. 13, 939–956.
Wilson D.O., Hargrove W.L., 1986. Release of Nitrogen from Crimson Clover Residue under Two Tillage Systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50, 1251–1254.
Wyland L.J., Jackson L.E., Chaney W.E., Klonsky K., Koike S.T., Kimple B., 1996. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 59, 1–17.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
