Przejdź do głównego menu Przejdź do sekcji głównej Przejdź do stopki
ASPHC Baner

Tom 18 Nr 2 (2019)

Artykuły

APPLE TREES YIELDING AND FRUIT QUALITY DEPENDING ON THE CROP LOAD, BRANCH TYPE AND POSITION IN THE CROWN

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.2.18
Przesłane: 15 kwietnia 2019
Opublikowane: 2019-04-15

Abstrakt

The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on 10–13-year-old apple trees cv. ‘Szampion’ (M.9. rootstock) in experimental orchard of Department of Pomology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. On the trees intensively flowering in 2013, the thinning treatments were performed as follows: thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only a king flower in the remaining flower clusters; thinning at the pink bud stage to the 50% of flower clusters leaving only one lateral flower in the remaining flower clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only a fruit from king flower in the remaining fruit clusters, thinning 4 weeks after full bloom to the 50% of fruit clusters leaving only one fruit from lateral flower in the remaining fruit clusters. Intensively flowering control trees in 2013 and poorly flowering trees in 2013 were left unthinned. The best results in terms of regularity of yielding and high-quality fruits after thinning at pink bud stage to king flower, were obtained. The largest fluctuations in yields were observed with the control tree that flowered poorly in the beginning of the study. It was found that the cultivar ‘Szampion’ is characterized by equal distribution of fruits in lower and middle parts of crown, however in the top of crown, the amount of fruits is significantly lower. Apples with the largest mean fruit weight were from spurs on wood older than two years. However the best flesh firmness, soluble solids and dry matter content was detected in fruits from brindles.

Bibliografia

  1. Bergh, O. (1990). Effect of time of hand thinning on apple fruit size. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 7(1), 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1990.10634529
  2. Blanpied, G.D., Wilde, M.H. (1968). A study of the cell in the other flesh developing McIntosh apple fruits. Bot. Gazette, 129, 173–183.
  3. Bubán, T. (2003). Hormonal aspects of flower formation and fruit set. In: Floral Biology, Pollination and Fertilization in Temperate Zone Fruit Species and Grapes, Kozma, P., Nyéki, J., Soltész, M., Szabó, Z. (eds.). Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 3–24.
  4. Byers, R.E. 2003. Flower and fruit thinning and vegetative: fruiting balance. In: Apples: Botany, Production and Uses, Ferree, D.C., Warrington, I. (eds.). Cambridge, MA, USA, CABI Publishing, 409–436.
  5. Callesen, O. (1988). Effect of flower bud position on fruit set and fruit size in apple. TidsskrPlanteavl, 92, 339–344.
  6. Campenau, G., Neata, G., Darjanschi, G. (2009). Chemical composition of the fruits of several apple cultivars growth as biological crop. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj, 37(2), 161–164, http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/ nbha3723465
  7. Castro, D.C., Alvarez, N., Gabriel, P., Micheloud, N., Buyatti, M., Gariglio, N. (2015). Crop load studies on ‘Caricio’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area. Sci. Agric. 72(3), 237–244, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0267
  8. Dash, M., Johnson, L.K., Malladi, A. (2013). Reduction of fruit load affects early fruit growth in apple by enhancing carbohydrate availability, altering the expression of cell production-related genes, and increasing cell production. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 138, 253–262.
  9. Duhanaj, G.G., Susaj, L., Roshanji, N., Susaj, E. (2015). Effects of fruit yhinning method on crop load and yield on ‘Golden Delicious’ apple cultivar under Gjakova’s climate conditions. Online Int. Interdiscip. Res. J., 5, 12–19.
  10. Forshey, C.G., Elfving, D.C. (1977). Fruit numbers, fruit size and yield relationships in ‘McIntosh’ apples. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102(4), 399–402.
  11. Forshey, E.G., Elfving, D.C. (1979). Fruit numbers, fruit size and yield relationships in McIntosh apples. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102, 399–402.
  12. Goffinet, M.C., Robinson, T.L., Lakso, A.N. (1995). A comparison of ‘Empire’ apple fruit size and anatomy in unthinned and hand-thinned trees. J. Hortic. Sci. 70(3), 375–387.
  13. Jakopic, J., Zupan, A., Eler, K., Schmitzer, V., Stampar, F., Veberic, R. (2015). It’s great to be the King: Apple fruit development affected by the position in the cluster. Sci. Hortic., 194, 18–25.
  14. Jakopič, J., Zupan, A., Stampar, F., Veberič, R. (2016). Hierarchy among fruitlets in the apple cluster. Acta Hortic., 1139, 317–322, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1139.55
  15. Keulemans, J., Brusselle, A., Eyssen, R., Vercammen, J., Daele, G., van, 1996. Fruit weight in apple as influenced by seed number and pollenizer. Acta Hortic., 423, 201–210.
  16. King, M.C., Cliff, M.A. (2002). Development of a model for prediction of consumer liking from visual attributes of new and established apple cultivars. J. Am. Pomol. Soc. 56, 223–229.
  17. Lee, R.R., Fallahi, E., Fellman, I.K. (1994). Flower bud position affects bloom and fruit quality. Good Fruit Grow., 45(7), 40–43.
  18. Lespinasse, J.M, Lauri, P.É. (1996). Influence of fruiting habit on the pruning and training of apples trees. Compact Fruit Tree, 29, 75–82.
  19. Link, H. (2000). Significance of flower and fruit thinning on fruit quality. Plant Growth Regul., 31, 17–26.
  20. Marguery, P., Sangwan, B.S. (1993). Sources of variation between apple fruits within a season and between season. J. Hortic. Sci. 68(2), 309–315.
  21. Milić, B., Tarlanović, J., Keserović, Z., Zorić, L., Blagojević, B., Magazin, N. (2017). The growth of Apple central fruits as affected by thinning with NAA, BA and Naphthenic Acids. Erwerbs-Obstbau. DOI: 10.1007/s10341-016-0310-x
  22. Moran, R., Rom, C. (1991). Canopy side and height affect apple spur and fruit quality. Compact Fruit Tree, 24, 80–82.
  23. Naschitz, S., Naor, A. (2005). The effect of crop load on tree water consumption of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples in relation to fruit size: an operative model. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 130, 7–11.
  24. Racksó, J., Miller, D. (2010). Intra-inflorescence pattern of the opening of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) flowers. Int. J. Plant Reprod. Biol., Agra, 2, 65–77.
  25. Robbie, F.A., Atkinson, C.J., Knight, J.N., Moore, K.G. (1993). Branch orientation as factor determining fruit set in apple trees. J. Hortic. Sci. 68(3), 317–325.
  26. Rom, C.R., Barritt, B. (1990). Spur development of ‘Delicious’ apple as influenced by position, wood age, strain and pruning. Hortic. Sci. 25(12), 1578–1581.
  27. Salvador, F.R., Fisichella, M., Fontanari, M. (2006). Correlation between fruit size and fruit quality in apple trees with high and standard crop load levels. J. Fruit Ornam. Res. 14(2), 113–122.
  28. Sestras, A., Sestras, R., Lazar, V., Mitre, V., Mitre, I., Ropon, G., Barbos, A. 2009. The influence of fruit position in the crown of trees on the sugar content and morphological traits of apple fruits. Bull. UASVM Hortic. 66(1), 170–176.
  29. Stopar, M. (2004). Thinning of flowers/fruitlets in organic apple production. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 12, 77–83.
  30. Szot, I. (2010). The quality of flower and fruit in dependence on their position in the crown of apple tree cv. ‘Rubin’. Acta Agrophys. 15(1), 187–196.
  31. Tijskens, L.M.M., Unuk, T., Tojnko, S., Hribar, J., Simčič, M. (2011). Colour development in the apple orchard. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 19(1), 113–121.
  32. Veberic, R., Novljan, M., Mikulic Petkovsek, M., Stampar, F. (2017). Influence of apple fruitlet position in the inflorescence on their primary and secondary metabolites. Acta Hortic. 1177, 183–188. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1177.25
  33. Volz, R.K., Ferguson, I.B., Hewett, E.W., Woolley, D.J. (1994). Wood age and leaf area influence fruit size and mineral composition of apple fruit. J. Hortic. Sci. 69(2), 385–395.
  34. Warrington, I.J., Stanley, C.J., Tustin, D.S., Hirst, P.M., Casmore, W.M. (1996). Light transmission, yield distribution, and fruit quality in six tree canopy forms of ‘Granny Smith’ apple. J. Tree Fruit Product. 1(1), 27–54.
  35. Wünsche, J.N., Greek, D.H., Laing, W.A., Palmer, J.W. (2005). Physiological and biochemical leaf and tree responses to crop load in apple. Tree Physiol., 25, 1253–1263.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Inne teksty tego samego autora

1 2 > >> 

Podobne artykuły

<< < 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 > >> 

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.