Melisa lekarska (Melissa officinalis L.) – skład chemiczny i aktywność biologiczna
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. St. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 LublinAbstrakt
Melisa lekarska (Melissa officinalis L.) z rodziny jasnotowatych (Lamiaceae), pochodzi z rejonu Morza Śródziemnego, a w stanie naturalnym występuje we wschodniej jego części, jako zdziczała z upraw w Europie, oraz w umiarkowanych strefach Azji i Ameryki. Surowcem zielarskim jest liść melisy (Melissae folium), a główną substancją biologicznie aktywną – olejek eteryczny, występujący w wysuszonym surowcu w ilości 0,02–0,30%. Składnikami dominującymi olejku melisowego są: cytral (geranial i neral), cytronelal, geraniol, β-pinen, α-pinen i β-kariofilen. Liść melisy jest zasobny także w inne substancje biologicznie aktywne, takie jak garbniki, gorycze, flawonoidy, kwasy fenolowe, chlorofil i karotenoidy, związki triterpenowe oraz związki mineralne. Ekstrakty z surowca melisy oraz olejek eteryczny wykazują aktywność przeciwdrobnoustrojową, antyoksydacyjną, ponadto działają uspokajająco i przeciwdepresyjnie. Biosynteza olejku eterycznego melisy pozostaje pod wyraźnym wpływem czynników genetycznych, ale podlega także czynnikom środowiskowym, natomiast kompozycja jakościowa jest relatywnie stała. Aktywność antyoksydacyjna olejku jest najprawdopodobniej związana z obecnością składników dominujących. Zawartość związków fenolowych, flawonoidów oraz α-tokoferolu i β-karotenu w surowcu melisy potęguje jego aktywność przeciwutleniającą.
Słowa kluczowe:
Lamiaceae, Melissae folium, olejek eteryczny, aktywność biologicznaBibliografia
Abbaszadeh B., Farahani H.A., Morteza E., 2009. Effects of irrigation levels on essential oil of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Am.-Euras. J. Sustain. Agric. 3 (1), 53–56.
Adinee J., Piri K., Karami O., 2008. Essentials oil component in flower of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 4 (3), 277–278.
Adzet T., Ponz R., Wolf E., Schulze E., 1992. Investigation of the content and composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis. Part II. Planta Med. 58 (6), 562–564.
Aziz E.E., El-Ashry S.M., 2009. Efficiency of slow release urea fertilizer on herb yield and essential oil production of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plant. Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 5 (2), 141–147.
Bagdat R.B., Cosge B., 2006. The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), its components and using fields. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21 (1), 116–121.
Carnat A.P., Carnat A., Fraisse D., Lamaison J.L., 1998. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis) tea. Pharm. Acta Helv. 72 (5), 301–305.
Chung M.J., Cho S.-Y., Bhuiyan J.H., Kim K.H., Lee S.-J., 2010. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br. J. Nutr. 104, 180–188.
Crowell P.L., Kennan H., Ahmad V., 1992. Chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by hydroxylated derivatives of d-limonene. Carcinogenesis 13, 1261–1264.
Dastmalchi K., Dorman H.J.D., Oinonen P.P., Darwis Y., Laakso I., Hiltunen R., 2008. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT 41. 391–400.
Dias M.I., Barros L., Sousa M.J., Ferraira C.F.R., 2012. Systematic comparison of nutraceuticals and antioxidant potential of cultivated, in vitro cultured and commercial Melissa officinalis samples. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50, 1866–1873.
Dikbas N., Bagc E., Kotan R., Cakmakci R., Ozer H., Mete E., Erdogan G., 2010. Comparative antibacterial activities and chemical composition of some plants oils against Salmonella enteritidis. Res. Crops 11 (1), 118–124.
Dogan S., Diken M.E., Dogan M., 2010. Antioxidant, phenolic and protein contents of some medicinal plants. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (23), 2566–2573.
Emamghoreishi M., Talebianpour M.S., 2009. Antidepressant effect of Melissa officinalis in the forced swimming test. DARU 17 (1), 42–47.
Gawlik-Dziki U., 2004. Fenolokwasy jako bioaktywne składniki żywności. Żywn. Nauka. Technol. Jakość 4 (41), 29–40.
Góra J., Lis A., 2004. Najcenniejsze olejki eteryczne. Wydaw. UMK, Toruń.
Hussain A.I., Anwar F., Iqbal T., Bhatti I.A., 2011. Antioxidant attributes of four Lamiaceae essential oils. Pak. J. Bot. 43 (2), 1315–1321.
Kato-Noguchi H., 2001. Effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract on germination and seedling growth of six plants. Acta Physiol. Plant. 23 (1), 49–53.
Khalid K.A., Hu W., Cai W., 2008. The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 11 (4), 342–349.
Khalid K.A., Cai W., Achmed A.M.A., 2009a. Effect of harvesting treatments and distillation methods on the essentials oil of lemon balm and apple geranium plants. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 12 (2), 120–130.
Khalid K.A., Hu W., Cai W., Hussein M.S. 2009b. Influence of cutting and harvest day time on the essential oils of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 12 (3), 348–357.
Klimek B., Majda T., Góra J., Patora J., 2000. Badanie olejku eterycznego kocimiętki cytrynowej (Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora) w porównaniu z olejkiem melisy lekarskiej (Melissa officinalis L.). Herba Pol. 46, 4, 226–234.
Koksal E., Bursal E., Dikici E., Tozoglu F., Gulcin I., 2011. Antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis leaves. J. Med. Plant. Res. 5 (2), 217–222.
Marongiu B., Porcedda S., Piras A., Rosa A., Deiana M., Deski M.A., 2004. Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis and Melissa officinalis subsp. indora. Phytother. Res. 18, 789–792.
Meftahizade H., Sargsyan E., Moradkhani H., 2010. Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (14), 1391–1395.
Mencherini T., Picerno P., Scesa C., Aquino R., 2007. Triterpene, antioxidant, and antimicrobial compounds from Melissa officinalis. J. Nat. Prod. 70, 1889–1894.
Miceli A., Negro C., Tommasi L., 2006. Essential oil of Melissa romana (Miller) grown in Southern Apulia (Italy). J. Essent. Oil Res. 18, 473–475.
Mimica-Dukic N., Bozin B., Sokolic M., Simin N., 2004. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (9), 2485–2489.
Moqbeli E., Fathollahi S., Olfati J.-A., Peyvast G.-A., Hamidoqli Y., Bakhshi D., 2011. Investigation of soil condition on yield and essential oil in lemon balm. South West. J. Hortic. Biol. Environ. 2 (1), 87–93.
Moradkhani H., Sargsyan E., Bibak H., Naseri B., Sadat-Hosseini M., Fayazi-Barjin A., Meftahizade H., 2010. Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (25), 2753–2759.
Mrlianová M., Tekel'ova D., Felklová M., Reinohl V., Tóth J., 2002. The influence of the harvest cut height on the quality of the herbal drugs Melissae folium and Melissae herba. Planta Med. 68 (2), 178–180.
Oniga I., Vlase L., Toiu A., Benedec D., Duda M., 2010. Evaluation of phenolic acid derivatives and essential oil content in some Melissa officinalis L. varieties. Farmacia 58 (6), 764–769.
Ozturk A., Unlukara A., Ipek A., Gurbuz B., 2004. Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melisa officinalis L.). Pak. J. Bot. 36 (4), 787–792.
Özcan M.M., Ünver A., Ucar T., Arslan D., 2008. Mineral content of some herbs and herbal teas by infusion and decoction. Food Chem. 106, 1120–1127.
Patora J., Majda T., Góra J., Klimek B., 2003. Variability in the content and composition of essentials oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in Poland. Acta Pol. Pharm. 60 (5), 395–400.
Pereira R.P., Fachinetto R., Sousa Prestes A. de, Puntel R.L., Silva G.N.S. da, Heinzmann B.M., Boschetti T.K., Athayde M.L., Burger M.E., Morel A.F., Pino J.A. Rosado A., Fuentes V., 1999. Composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 11 (3), 363–364.
Ponce A.G., Valle C.E. del, Roura S.I., 2004. Natural essential oils as reducing agents of peroxidase activity in leafy vegetables. Lebens. Wiss. – Technol. 37, 199–204.
Rostami H., Kazemi M., Shafiei S., 2012. Antibacterial activity of Lavandula officinalis and Melissa officinalis against some human pathogenic bacteria. Asian J. Biochem. 7 (3), 133–142.
Rumińska A., 1983. Rośliny lecznicze. PWN, Warszawa.
Saeb K., Gholamrezaee S., Asadi M., 2011. Variation of antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis leaves extracts during the different stages of plant growth. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 4 (2), 237–243.
Sari A.O., Ceylan A., 2002. Yield characteristics and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For. 26, 217–224.
Schnitzler P., Schuhmacher A., Astani A., Reichling J., 2008. Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. Phytomed 15 (9), 734–740.
Sharafzadeh S., Khosh-Khui M., Javidnia K., 2011a. Aroma profile of leaf and steam of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5 (4), 547–550.
Sharafzadeh S., Khosh-Khui M., Javidnia K., 2011b. Effect of nutrients on essential oil components, pigments and total phenolic content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Adv. Environ. Biol. 5 (4), 639–646.
Silva S. da, Sato A., Salgueiro Lage C.L., Silva San Gil R.A. da, Almeida Azevedo D. de, Esquibel M.A., 2005 Essential oil composition of Melissa officinalis L. in vitro produced under the influence of grown regulators. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 16 (6B), 1387–1390.
Sousa A.C. de, Gattass C.R., Alviano D.S., Blank A.F., Alves P.B., 2004. Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56 (5), 677–681.
Spiridon I., Colceru S., Anghel N., Teaca C.A., Bodirlau R., Armatu A., 2011. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania. Nat. Prod. Res. 25 (17), 1657–1661.
Stanojević D., Čomić L.J., Stefanović O., Solujić Sukdolak S., 2010. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Melissa officinalis L. and some preservatives. Span. J. Agric. Res. 8 (1), 109–115.
Tóth J., Mrlianová M., Tekel’ová D, Koreňová M., 2003. Rosmarinic acid – an important phenolic active compound of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Acta Facult. Pharm. Univ. Comenianae 50 (1), 139–146.
Weitzel C., Petersen M., 2011. Cloning and characterization of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry 72, 572–578.
Adinee J., Piri K., Karami O., 2008. Essentials oil component in flower of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 4 (3), 277–278.
Adzet T., Ponz R., Wolf E., Schulze E., 1992. Investigation of the content and composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis. Part II. Planta Med. 58 (6), 562–564.
Aziz E.E., El-Ashry S.M., 2009. Efficiency of slow release urea fertilizer on herb yield and essential oil production of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plant. Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 5 (2), 141–147.
Bagdat R.B., Cosge B., 2006. The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), its components and using fields. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21 (1), 116–121.
Carnat A.P., Carnat A., Fraisse D., Lamaison J.L., 1998. The aromatic and polyphenolic composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis) tea. Pharm. Acta Helv. 72 (5), 301–305.
Chung M.J., Cho S.-Y., Bhuiyan J.H., Kim K.H., Lee S.-J., 2010. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br. J. Nutr. 104, 180–188.
Crowell P.L., Kennan H., Ahmad V., 1992. Chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by hydroxylated derivatives of d-limonene. Carcinogenesis 13, 1261–1264.
Dastmalchi K., Dorman H.J.D., Oinonen P.P., Darwis Y., Laakso I., Hiltunen R., 2008. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidative activity of a lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract. LWT 41. 391–400.
Dias M.I., Barros L., Sousa M.J., Ferraira C.F.R., 2012. Systematic comparison of nutraceuticals and antioxidant potential of cultivated, in vitro cultured and commercial Melissa officinalis samples. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50, 1866–1873.
Dikbas N., Bagc E., Kotan R., Cakmakci R., Ozer H., Mete E., Erdogan G., 2010. Comparative antibacterial activities and chemical composition of some plants oils against Salmonella enteritidis. Res. Crops 11 (1), 118–124.
Dogan S., Diken M.E., Dogan M., 2010. Antioxidant, phenolic and protein contents of some medicinal plants. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (23), 2566–2573.
Emamghoreishi M., Talebianpour M.S., 2009. Antidepressant effect of Melissa officinalis in the forced swimming test. DARU 17 (1), 42–47.
Gawlik-Dziki U., 2004. Fenolokwasy jako bioaktywne składniki żywności. Żywn. Nauka. Technol. Jakość 4 (41), 29–40.
Góra J., Lis A., 2004. Najcenniejsze olejki eteryczne. Wydaw. UMK, Toruń.
Hussain A.I., Anwar F., Iqbal T., Bhatti I.A., 2011. Antioxidant attributes of four Lamiaceae essential oils. Pak. J. Bot. 43 (2), 1315–1321.
Kato-Noguchi H., 2001. Effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) extract on germination and seedling growth of six plants. Acta Physiol. Plant. 23 (1), 49–53.
Khalid K.A., Hu W., Cai W., 2008. The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 11 (4), 342–349.
Khalid K.A., Cai W., Achmed A.M.A., 2009a. Effect of harvesting treatments and distillation methods on the essentials oil of lemon balm and apple geranium plants. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 12 (2), 120–130.
Khalid K.A., Hu W., Cai W., Hussein M.S. 2009b. Influence of cutting and harvest day time on the essential oils of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 12 (3), 348–357.
Klimek B., Majda T., Góra J., Patora J., 2000. Badanie olejku eterycznego kocimiętki cytrynowej (Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora) w porównaniu z olejkiem melisy lekarskiej (Melissa officinalis L.). Herba Pol. 46, 4, 226–234.
Koksal E., Bursal E., Dikici E., Tozoglu F., Gulcin I., 2011. Antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis leaves. J. Med. Plant. Res. 5 (2), 217–222.
Marongiu B., Porcedda S., Piras A., Rosa A., Deiana M., Deski M.A., 2004. Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis and Melissa officinalis subsp. indora. Phytother. Res. 18, 789–792.
Meftahizade H., Sargsyan E., Moradkhani H., 2010. Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (14), 1391–1395.
Mencherini T., Picerno P., Scesa C., Aquino R., 2007. Triterpene, antioxidant, and antimicrobial compounds from Melissa officinalis. J. Nat. Prod. 70, 1889–1894.
Miceli A., Negro C., Tommasi L., 2006. Essential oil of Melissa romana (Miller) grown in Southern Apulia (Italy). J. Essent. Oil Res. 18, 473–475.
Mimica-Dukic N., Bozin B., Sokolic M., Simin N., 2004. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (9), 2485–2489.
Moqbeli E., Fathollahi S., Olfati J.-A., Peyvast G.-A., Hamidoqli Y., Bakhshi D., 2011. Investigation of soil condition on yield and essential oil in lemon balm. South West. J. Hortic. Biol. Environ. 2 (1), 87–93.
Moradkhani H., Sargsyan E., Bibak H., Naseri B., Sadat-Hosseini M., Fayazi-Barjin A., Meftahizade H., 2010. Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4 (25), 2753–2759.
Mrlianová M., Tekel'ova D., Felklová M., Reinohl V., Tóth J., 2002. The influence of the harvest cut height on the quality of the herbal drugs Melissae folium and Melissae herba. Planta Med. 68 (2), 178–180.
Oniga I., Vlase L., Toiu A., Benedec D., Duda M., 2010. Evaluation of phenolic acid derivatives and essential oil content in some Melissa officinalis L. varieties. Farmacia 58 (6), 764–769.
Ozturk A., Unlukara A., Ipek A., Gurbuz B., 2004. Effects of salt stress and water deficit on plant growth and essential oil content of lemon balm (Melisa officinalis L.). Pak. J. Bot. 36 (4), 787–792.
Özcan M.M., Ünver A., Ucar T., Arslan D., 2008. Mineral content of some herbs and herbal teas by infusion and decoction. Food Chem. 106, 1120–1127.
Patora J., Majda T., Góra J., Klimek B., 2003. Variability in the content and composition of essentials oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in Poland. Acta Pol. Pharm. 60 (5), 395–400.
Pereira R.P., Fachinetto R., Sousa Prestes A. de, Puntel R.L., Silva G.N.S. da, Heinzmann B.M., Boschetti T.K., Athayde M.L., Burger M.E., Morel A.F., Pino J.A. Rosado A., Fuentes V., 1999. Composition of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Cuba. J. Essent. Oil Res. 11 (3), 363–364.
Ponce A.G., Valle C.E. del, Roura S.I., 2004. Natural essential oils as reducing agents of peroxidase activity in leafy vegetables. Lebens. Wiss. – Technol. 37, 199–204.
Rostami H., Kazemi M., Shafiei S., 2012. Antibacterial activity of Lavandula officinalis and Melissa officinalis against some human pathogenic bacteria. Asian J. Biochem. 7 (3), 133–142.
Rumińska A., 1983. Rośliny lecznicze. PWN, Warszawa.
Saeb K., Gholamrezaee S., Asadi M., 2011. Variation of antioxidant activity of Melissa officinalis leaves extracts during the different stages of plant growth. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 4 (2), 237–243.
Sari A.O., Ceylan A., 2002. Yield characteristics and essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For. 26, 217–224.
Schnitzler P., Schuhmacher A., Astani A., Reichling J., 2008. Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. Phytomed 15 (9), 734–740.
Sharafzadeh S., Khosh-Khui M., Javidnia K., 2011a. Aroma profile of leaf and steam of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. Adv. Environ. Biol. 5 (4), 547–550.
Sharafzadeh S., Khosh-Khui M., Javidnia K., 2011b. Effect of nutrients on essential oil components, pigments and total phenolic content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Adv. Environ. Biol. 5 (4), 639–646.
Silva S. da, Sato A., Salgueiro Lage C.L., Silva San Gil R.A. da, Almeida Azevedo D. de, Esquibel M.A., 2005 Essential oil composition of Melissa officinalis L. in vitro produced under the influence of grown regulators. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 16 (6B), 1387–1390.
Sousa A.C. de, Gattass C.R., Alviano D.S., Blank A.F., Alves P.B., 2004. Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56 (5), 677–681.
Spiridon I., Colceru S., Anghel N., Teaca C.A., Bodirlau R., Armatu A., 2011. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (Origanum vulgare), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) from Romania. Nat. Prod. Res. 25 (17), 1657–1661.
Stanojević D., Čomić L.J., Stefanović O., Solujić Sukdolak S., 2010. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Melissa officinalis L. and some preservatives. Span. J. Agric. Res. 8 (1), 109–115.
Tóth J., Mrlianová M., Tekel’ová D, Koreňová M., 2003. Rosmarinic acid – an important phenolic active compound of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Acta Facult. Pharm. Univ. Comenianae 50 (1), 139–146.
Weitzel C., Petersen M., 2011. Cloning and characterization of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry 72, 572–578.
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. St. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. St. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
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