PERFORMANCE OF SOME APPLE CULTIVARS AND ROOTSTOCKS IN SUBTROPICAL ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MEDITERRANEAN REGION IN TURKEY
Safder Bayazit
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, TurkeyOguzhan Caliskan
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, TurkeyAbstract
The subtropical ecology of the Mediterranean region in Turkey has an important potential based on precocity for both stone and soft fruits. The aim of this study is to determine the yield and fruit quality properties of some apple cultivars on dwarf (M9) and semi-dwarf (MM106) rootstocks under the subtropical ecological conditions. Harvesting date, yield and pomological characteristics of apple cultivars ‘Vista Bella’, ‘Jerseymac’, ‘Starking Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Granny Smith’ were determined. The highest yield per tree was recorded from trees on rootstocks MM106, whereas the highest yield per hectare was detected from M9 rootstocks. Fruit quality varied dependent on cultivars but rootstocks were effective only on TSS and fruit skin color such as L*, b*, C, and h°. There was not found any effect of rootstocks on the other fruit characteristics such as fruit weight, pH, fruit length, and firmness. Result of this study revealed that summer apple cultivars were found to be very promising on both rootstocks (M9 and MM106) in the subtropical ecological conditions of the Mediterranean region in Turkey.
Keywords:
apple cultivars, rootstock, yield, fruit quality, subtropical ecologyReferences
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cycle: precocious transition to flowering affects the composition and vigor of annual shoots. Ann. Bot., 101(5), 679–687.
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TSMS (2015). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Available: http://tr.climate-data.org/location/26590/ [accessed: 10 April 2016].
Webster, A.D. (2001). Rootstocks and temperate fruit crops: current uses, future potential and alternative. Acta Hortic., 557, 25–34.
Yıldırım, F., Vural, E., Uçar, Y., Yıldırım, A.N. (2016). Interaction of crop load and irrigation on yield, fruit size, color and stem-end splitting ratio of apple c.v.
‘Gala, Galaxy’. Erwebs-Obstbau, 58, 103–111.
Baytekin, S., Akça, Y. (2011). Determination of performances of some apple cultivars budded on MM106 apple rootstock. Yuzuncu Yıl Univ. J Agric. Sci., 21(2), 127–133.
Bozbuğa, F. Pırlak, L. (2012). Determination of phenological and pomological characteristics of some apple cultivars in Niğde – Turkey ecological conditions.
J. Anim. Plant Sci., 22(1), 183–187.
Caliskan, O., Bayazit, S., Sumbul, A. (2012). Fruit quality and phytochemical attributes of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars as affected by genotypes and
seasons. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot., 40(2), 284–294.
Costes, E., García-Villannueva, E. (2007). Clarifying the effects of dwarfing rootstock on vegetative and reproductive growth during tree development. A study on apple trees. Ann. Bot., 100(2), 347–357.
Czynczyk, A., Bielicki, P., Bartosiewicz, B. (2009). Results of growıng three apple cultıvars grafted on a number of Polısh and English rootstocks and their subclones. J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res., 17(2), 73–83.
Dodengeh, M.R., Shakouri, M.J., Hamzehei, Z., Dadashpour, A. (2012). Effects of M9 and MM106 rootstocks on agromorphological characteristics of ‘Golab kohanz’
and ‘Delbarstival’ apple cultivars in Abhar region of Iran. Indian J. Sci. Tech., 5(1), 1844–1847.
Ercisli, S., Güleryüz, M., Pamir, M. (2000). Farklı Anaçların Bazı Elma Çesitlerinin Meyve Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Turk. J. Agric. For., 24, 533–539.
Fallahi, E., Colt, W.M., Fallahi, B., Chun, I.J. (2002). The importance of apple rootstocks on tree growth, yield, fruit quality, leaf nutrition, and photosynthesis with an
emphasis on Fuji. HortTech., 12, 38–44.
FAO (2013). FAOSTAT database: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Available: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx
[date of access: 24 April 2014].
Ferree, D.C., Warrington, I.J. (2003). Apples: botany, production and uses. CABI Publ., Wallingford, UK.
Francis, F.J. (1980). Color quality evaluation of horticultural crops. HortScience, 15, 58–29.
Haak, E. (2003). The effect of clonal rootstocks and interstem to the growth and yield of apple trees. J. Agric. Sci., 14(5), 251–259.
Hampson, C.R., Quamm, H.A., Brownlee, R.T. (2002). Canopy growth, yield and fruit quality of Royal Gala apple trees grown for eight years in five tree training systems. HortSci., 37, 627–631.
Imrak, B., Kuden, A., Sarierogullarindan, A., Kuden, A. (2009). Apple growing in greenhouse under subtropic conditions. J. Agric. Sci., 2, 187–193.
Küçükeker, E., Özkan, Y., Yıldız, K. (2011). Determination of early period performance in gala (Malus domestica borkh.) apple cultivar budded M9 rootstock practiced
different training systems). J. Bati Akdeniz Agric. Res. Inst., 28(1), 25–36.
McAfee, J.D., Rom, C.R. (2003). Evaluation of sizecontrolling apple rootstock for high density ‘Gala’ apple orchards in Arkansas: final year results of the 1994
NC-140 uniform apple rootstock trial. Hortic. Studies, 21–23.
Miller, D.D., Racsko, J. (2011). Rootstock effects on fruit drop and quality of ‘Gala Galaxy’ AND ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ apples. Acta Hort. 903, 397–404.
Mukhtar, A., Gilani, A.H., Bhatty, N. (2010). Some nutritional and microbiological aspects of apples of common varieties available for household consumption. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 20, 253–257.
Özbek, S. (1978). Özel Meyvecilik. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayinlari, Adana, Turkey, 488 p.
Ozongun, S., Dolunay, E.M. (2011). Apple Cultivars. In: Apple Culture, Akgul, H., Kacal, E., Ozturk, P., Ozongun, S., Atasay, A., Ozturk, G. (eds.). Fruit Research Inst. Egirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
Özongun, S., Dolunay, E.M., Pektas, M., Öztürk, G., Çalhan, Ö., Atay, E. (2016). Yield and quality alterations of some apple cultivars on different rootstock. J Agric. Fac. Ege. Univ., 53(1), 35–42.
Ozturk, I., Ercisli, S., Kara, M., Erturk, Y., Kalkan, F. (2011). The genotypic effect on physical properties of three early maturated apple cultivars. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17, 333–338.
Ozturk, A., Ozturk, B. (2016). Evaluation of phenological and pomological characteristics of some standart apple cultivars in Samsun ecological condition. Anadolu
J. Agric. Sci., 31, 1–8.
Pirlak, L., Güleryüz, M., Aslantas, R., Esitken, A. (2003). Promising native summer apple (Malus domestica) cultivars from north-eastern Anatolia, Turkey. N. Z. J. Crop. Hortic. Sci., 31, 311–314.
Racsko, J., Nyeki, J., Szabo, Z., Soltesz, M., Farkas, E. (2004). Effect of rootstocks on blooming capacity and productivity of apple cultivars. J. Agric. Sci. 15, 14–20.
Robinson, T.L., 2003. Apple-orchard planting system. In: Apples, Ferree, D.C., Warrington, I.J. (eds). Cabi Publ., Wallingford, pp. 345–407.
SAS Institute, 2005. SAS Online Doc, version 9.1.3. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
Seferoğlu, H.G., Kankaya, A., Ertan, E., Tekintas, F.E. (2006). Determination of phenological and pomological characteristics of some apple cultivars budded MM106 grown in Aydın province. J. Agric. Fac. Adnan Menderes, 3(2), 31–34.
Seleznyova, A.N., Stuart, D., Thorp, T.G. (2008). Apple dwarfing rootstocks and interstocks affect the type of growth units produced during the annual growth type
cycle: precocious transition to flowering affects the composition and vigor of annual shoots. Ann. Bot., 101(5), 679–687.
Soylu, A., Ertürk, Ü., Mert, C., Öztürk, Ö. (2003). Investigations on yield and quality of apple cultivars budded on MM 106 rootstock under Görükle condition–II.
J. Agric. Fac. Uludag Univ., 17(2), 57–65.
Tekintas, F.E., Kankaya, A., Ertan, E., Seferoğlu, H.G. (2006). Determination of performances of some apple cultivars budded M9 grown in Aydın Province. Süleyman
Demirel Univ. J. Fac. Agric., 3(2), 27–30.
TSMS (2015). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Available: http://tr.climate-data.org/location/26590/ [accessed: 10 April 2016].
Webster, A.D. (2001). Rootstocks and temperate fruit crops: current uses, future potential and alternative. Acta Hortic., 557, 25–34.
Yıldırım, F., Vural, E., Uçar, Y., Yıldırım, A.N. (2016). Interaction of crop load and irrigation on yield, fruit size, color and stem-end splitting ratio of apple c.v.
‘Gala, Galaxy’. Erwebs-Obstbau, 58, 103–111.
Safder Bayazit
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
Oguzhan Caliskan
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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