DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF Leucophyllum frutescens: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES REVEAL THE POTENTIAL XEROPHYTE
Adnan Younis
Atif Riaz
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanUsman Tariq
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus, LayyahMuhammad Nadeem
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanNasir Ahmad Khan
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanMuhammad Ahsan
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, PakistanWaqas Adil
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanM. Kaleem Naseem
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of The Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590, PakistanAbstract
Xeriscaping focus on the use of drought tolerant species of plants for environmental sustainability leading to the conservation of natural resources. We need to look for drought tolerant, water efficient plant species. Present research was aimed to assess the water use efficiency of Leucophyllum frutescens (silvery) for its
adaptability and potential as xerophyte. In this study, seven treatments were applied were 100% field capacity was considered as control while 85%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 25% and 5% field capacities were taken as different drought levels. Effect of drought commenced at 40% field capacity and lower drought treatments as
decrease in shoot and root fresh and dry weight, root length, leaf area and leaf area index and leaf firing percentage increased with severity of drought compared to 100% field capacity. Physiological parameters including water use efficiency (A/E), leaf water potential (yleaf), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis
rate, cell membrane stability and total chlorophyll contents proved that this plant species can tolerate severe drought conditions. Positive correlation was found among most of the attributes but leaf temperature was negatively correlated with leaf water potential, photosynthesis rate, cell membrane stability, and chlorophyll
contents. Moreover, regression analysis between various morphological and physiological attributes showed the predictive power of the model yielding significant results for leaf area and cell membrane stability (R2 = 0.74), root length and photosynthesis rate (R2 = 0.65), leaf temperature and chlorophyll contents
(R2 = 0.43) and leaf area and leaf water potential (yleaf) (R2 = 0.93).
Keywords:
cell membrane stability, field capacity, leaf area index, Leucophyllum frutescens, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, water potentialReferences
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Bhatt, R.M., Rao, N.K.S. (2005). Influence of pod load response of okra to water stress. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 10, 54–59.
Blum, A. (2005). Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potentialare they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive. Aust. J. Agricul. Res., 56, 1159–1168.
Blum, A., Mayer, J., Golan, G. (1988). The effect of grain number (sink size) on source activity and its waterrelations in wheat. J. Exp. Bot., 39, 106–114.
El-Juhany, I., Aref, M.I. (2005). Growth and dry matter partitioning of Lenceana leucocephala trees as affected by water stress. Alexandria J. Agri. Res., 44, 237–259.
Egilla, J.N., Davies, J.F.T., Boutton, T.W. (2005). Drought stress influences leaf water content, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at
three potassium concentrations. Photosynthesis, 43, 135–140.
Fleisher, D.H., Timlin, D.J., Reddy, V.R. (2008). Interactive effects of CO2 and water stress on potato canopy growth and development. Agron. J., 100, 711–719.
Hilliard, O. (1983). The classification of some Australian species currently included in Elipterum and Helichrysum (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): part 3 Anemocarpa and
Argentipallium, two new genera from Australia. Nuytsia J., 8, 447–460.
Kanwal, H., Hameed, M., Nawaz, T., Ahmad, M.S.A., Younis, A. (2012). Structural adaptations for adaptability in some exotic and naturalized species of Agavaceae.
Pak. J. Bot., 44, 129–134.
Karthikeyan, B., Jaleel, C.A., Gopi, R., Deiveekasundaram, M. (2007). Alterations in seedling vigour and antioxidant enzyme activities in Catharanthus roseus under
seed priming with native diazotrophs. J. Zhejiang Uni. Sci., 8, 453–457.
Khan, M.A., Younis, A., Arshad, M.N. (2005). Impact of well planned landscape on producing quality environment for prisoners. J. Agri. Social Sci., 1, 69–70.
Mahmood, A., Ather, M., Qadri, R., Mahmood, N. (2008). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, nodulation and total nitrogen content in Sesbania sesban. Agri. Conspectus
Sci., 73, 137–141.
Mansoor, U., Naseer, M., Hameed, M., Riaz, A., Ashraf, M., Younis, A., Ahmad, F. (2015). Root morphoanatomical adaptations for drought tolerance in Cenchrus ciliaris L. ecotypes from the Cholistan desert. Phyton Annal. Rei Bot., 55. DOI:10.12905/0380.phyton 55, 2015–0159.
Nadeem, M., Younis, A., Riaz, A., Hameed, M. (2012). Growth response of some cultivars of bermuda grass (Cyanodon dactylon L.) to salt stress. Pak. J. Bot., 44,
1347–1350.
Pospisilova, J., Synkova, H., Rulcova, J. (2000). Cytokinins and water stress. Plant Biol., 43, 321–328.
Reynolds, K. (2006). Reducing landscape water use. Impact monograph, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis.
Riaz, A., Younis, A., Hameed, M., Kiran, S. (2010). Morphological and biochemical responses of turf grasses to water deficit conditions. Pak. J. Bot., 42, 3441–3448.
Riaz, A., Younis, A., Taj, A.R., Karim, A., Tariq, U., Munir, S., Riaz, S. (2013). Effect of drought stress on growth and flowering of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Pak. J. Bot., 45, 123–131.
Riaz, A., Tariq, U., Qasim, M., Shaheen, M.R., Iqbal, A., Younis A. (2016). Effect of water stress on growth and dry matter partitioning of Conocarpus erectus. Acta
Hortic., 1112, 163–172.
Sankar, B., Jaleel, C.A. (2008). Relative efficacy of water use in five varieties of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. under water-limited conditions. Colloids Surf., B Biointerfaces, 62, 125–129.
Schuppler, U., He, P.H., John, P.C.L., Munns, R. (1998). Effects of water stress on cell division and celldivision-cycle-2-like cell-cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves. Plant Physiol., 117, 667–678.
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10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.638.33.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., Deekey, D.A. (1997). Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach. McGraw-Hill Publications, 3rd ed., New York.
Tahir, M.H.N., Mehid, S.S. (2001). Evaluation of open pollinated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations under water stress and normal conditions. Int.
J. Agri. Bio., 3, 236–238.
Tsialtas, J.T., Handley, L.L., Kassioumi, M.T., Veresoglou, D.S., Gagianas, A.A. (2001). Interspecific variation in potential water use efficiency and its relation to plant
species abundance in water limited grass land. Funct. Ecol., 15, 605–614.
U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Handbook 60, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Wang, H., Yarnauchi, A. (2006). Growth and function of roots under abiotic stress in soils. In: Plant-Environment Interactions, Huang, B. (ed.). CRC Press, New York.
Wu, Q.S., Xia, R.X., Zou, Y.N. (2008). Improved soil structure and citrus growth after inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress. Eur.
J. Soil Biol., 44, 122–128.
Wullschleger, S.D., Yin, T.M., Difazio, S.P., Tschaplinski, T.J., Gunter, L.E., Davis, M.F., Tuskan, G.A. (2005). Phenotypic variation in growth and biomass distribution
for two advanced-generation pedigrees of hybrid poplar. Canad. J. For. Res., 35, 1779–1789.
Younis, A., Riaz, A., Ikram, S., Nawaz, T., Hameed, M., Fatima, S., Batool, R., Ahmad, F. (2013). Salinityinduced structural and functional changes in three cultivars
of Alternanthra bettzikiana (Regel) G. Nicholson. Turk. J. Agric. For., 37, 710–724.
Younis, A., Riaz, A., Qasim, M. (2002). Development and management of green spaces on sumundri road, Faisalabad: a case study. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 39, 292–296.
Younis, A., Riaz, A., Saleem, S., Hameed, M. (2010). Potential use of wild flowers in urban landscape. Acta Hortic., 881, 229–234.
Younis, A., Riaz, A., Mustaq, N., Tahir, Z., Siddique, M. I. (2014). Evaluation of the suitability of sewage and recycled water for irrigation of ornamental plants. Commun.
Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 46, 62–79.
Youssefi, A., Nshanian, A., Azizi, M. (2011). Evaluation of influences of drought stress in terminal growth duration on yield and yield components of different spring
Brassica oil seed species. Am.-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 11, 406–410.
Adnan Younis
Atif Riaz
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Usman Tariq
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah
Muhammad Nadeem
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Nasir Ahmad Khan
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Ahsan
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Waqas Adil
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
M. Kaleem Naseem
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of The Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590, Pakistan
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of The Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore-54590, Pakistan
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