RESPONSE OF Ornithogalum saundersiae BAK. TO SALINITY STRESS
Piotr Salachna
West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinAgnieszka Zawadzińska
West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinCezary Podsiadło
West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinAbstract
Most of the studies on the effects of salinity stress are conducted on ornamental bedding plants and perennials but little is known on flower bulbs response to this stress factor. Ornithogalum saundersiae is an attractive bulbous plant recommended for growing in pots, gardens and green areas. The study conducted in the years 2013–2014 investigated the effects of NaCl on the growth, flowering, photosynthetic activity, pigment content, and macro- and micronutrient content in the leaves of O. saundersiae. The plants were grown in pots in a plastic tunnel. NaCl was applied once a week for six weeks at concentration of 100 mM or 200 mM. The salt treatment did not cause chlorosis and did not affect flowering rate and number of inflorescences. The plants exposed to salinity stress had lower fresh weight of leaves, inflorescences and bulbs and their flowering began later than in the control plants. Photosynthesis and transpiration intensity decreased as NaCl concentration increased. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in NaCl treated plants was significantly higher than in the control plants. Salinity stress increased the leaf content of nitrogen, potassium, sodium and chlorine and reduced the concentration of calcium, zinc and iron.
Keywords:
Giant Chincherinchee, NaCl, gas exchange, mineral content, photosynthetic pigmentsReferences
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Arnon, D.J., Allen, M.B., Whatley, F. (1956). Photosyntesis by isolated chloroplast. Bioch. Biophys. Acta, 20, 449–461.
Bãnón, S., Miralles, J., Ochoa, J., Franco, J.A., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2011). Effects of diluted and undiluted treated wastewater on the growth, physiological aspects and visual quality of potted lantana and polygala plants. Sci. Hortic., 129, 869–876.
Bernstein, L., Francois, L.E., Clark, R.A. (1972). Salt tolerance of ornamental shrubs and ground covers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 97, 550–556.
Breś, W., Kupska, A., Trelka, T. (2014). Response of scarlet sage and common sunflower plants to salinity caused by sodium salts. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 315(32), 5–14.
Brugnoli, E., Björkman, O. (1992). Growth of cotton under continuous salinity stress: influence on allocation pattern, stomatal and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and dissipation of excess light energy. Planta, 187(3), 335–47
Carter, C.T., Grieve, C.M. (2006). Salt tolerance of floriculture crops. In: Ecophysiology of high salinity tolerant plants, Khan, M.A., Weber, D.J. (ed.). Springer, Netherlands, 279–287.
Cassaniti, C., Romano, D., Hop, M.E.C.M., Flowers, T.J. (2013). Growing floricultural crops with brackish water. Environ. Exp. Bot., 92, 165–175.
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J., Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot., 103, 551–56
De Hertogh, A.A., Le Nard, M. (1993). Ornithogalum. In: The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 761–764.
Duncan, G.D. (2013). Geophyte research and production in South Africa. In: Ornamental geophytes: From basic science to sustainable production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (eds). Taylor and Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, p. 487.
Grieve, A.M., Walker, R.R. (1983). Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions in salt-treated citrus plants. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 34, 133–143.
Grieve, C.M., Poss, J.A. (2010). Response of ornamental sunflower cultivars ‘Sunbeam’ and ‘Moonbright’ to irrigation with saline wastewaters. J. Plant Nutr., 33, 1579–1592.
Hager, A., Mayer-Berthenrath, T. (1966). Die isolierung und quanttative bestimung der carotenoide und chlorophyll von blatern, algen und isolierten chloroplasten mit hilfe dunnschichtchromatographischer methoden. Planta, 69, 198–217.
Hamada, A. M,. El-Enany, A.E. (1994). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biol. Plant., 36(1), 75–81.
Haouala, F., Sahli, I. (2011). NaCl effects on growth, flowering and bulbing of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus Hort.). Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic., 43(6), 378–383.
Helal, H.M, Mengel, K. (1979). Nitrogen metabolism of young barley plants as affected by NaClsalinity and potassium. Plant Soil, 51, 457–462.
Kariuki, W., Kako, S. (1999). Growth and flowering of Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. Sci. Hortic., 81(1), 57–70.
Koksal, N., Kulahlioglu, I., Ertargin, E., Torun, A.A. (2014). Relationship between salinity stress and ion uptake of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). Turk. J. Agr. Nat. Sci., 1, 578–583.
Lee M.K., van Iersel, M.W. (2008). Sodium chloride effects on growth, morphology, and physiology of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium). HortScience, 43(6), 1888–1891.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., Rinderle, U. (1988). The role of chlorophyll fluorescence in the detection of stress conditions in plants. Critic. Rev. Anal. Chem., 19(1), 29–85.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2nd ed.). Academic Press, New York.
Niu, G., Cabrera R.I. (2010). Growth and physiological responses of landscape plants to saline water irrigation: A review. HortScience, 45(11), 1605–1609.
Ostrowska, A., Gawliński, S., Szczubiałka, Z. (1991). Procedures for soil and plants analysis. Inst. Environ. Prot. Warsaw [in Polish]
Parida, A.K., Das, A.B., Mittra, B. (2004). Effects of salt on growth, ion accumulation photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora. Trees-Struct. Funct., 18, 167–174.
Salachna, P. (2014). Effect of size of on the inflorescences and bulb yield of Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. grown in an unheated plastic tunnel. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 312(31), 153–158.
Salachna, P., Piechocki, R. Zawadzińska, A., Wośkowiak, A. (2015). Response of speckled spurflower to salinity stress and salicylic acid treatment. J. Ecol. Eng., 16(5), 68–75.
Salachna, P., Zawadzińska, A. (2013). The effects of flurprimidol concentrations and application methods on Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. grown as a pot plant. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8(49), 6625–6628.
Salachna, P., Zawadzińska, A. (2015). Comparison of growth, flowering and bulbs yield of four Ornithogalum L. species grown in the ground. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech. 318(34), 57–64.
Shillo, R., Ding, M., Pasternak, D., Zaccai, M. (2002). Cultivation of cut flower and bulb species with saline water. Sci. Hortic., 92(1), 41–54.
Torbaghan, M.E., Torbaghan, M.E. Ahmadi, M.M. (2011). The effect of salt stress on flower yield and growth parameters of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in greenhouse condition. Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci., 1(10), 421–427.
Türkoglu, N., Erez, M.E., Battal, P. (2011). Determination of physiological responses on hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) plant exposed to different salt concentrations. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10(32), 6045–6051.
Valdez-Aguilar, L.A., Grieve, C.M., Poss, J., Mellano, M.A. (2009). Hypersensitivity of Ranunculus asiaticus to salinity and alkaline pH in irrigation water in sand cultures HortScience, 44(1), 138–144.
Van Zandt, P.A., Mopper, S. (2002). Delayed and carryover effects of salinity on flowering in Iris hexagona (Iridaceae) Am. J. Bot., 89(11), 1847–1851.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Chen, D., Hassett, M. (2013). Narcissus cultivar differences in response to saline irrigation when application began either pre- or postemergence. HortScience, 48(3), 322–329.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Malinowski, M., Keefer, D. (2012). Leaf water status, osmotic adjustment and carbon assimilation in colored calla lilies in response to saline irrigation. Sci. Hortic., 144, 65–73.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Morningstar, L. (2011). Calla lily growth and development under saline irrigation. HortScience, 46(2), 222–227.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Sawch, D., Elia, N., Pinciotti, D. (2014). Salinity tolerance of three commonly planted Narcissus cultivars. HortScience, 49(9), 1158–1164.
Villarino, G.H., Mattson, N.S. (2011). Assessing tolerance to sodium chloride salinity in fourteen floriculture species. HortTechnology, 21(5), 539–545.
Wrochna, M., Gawrońska, H., Gawroński, S.W. (2006). Effect of salt stress on fresh and dry matter production and accumulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- ions in selected species of ornamental plants. Acta Agrophys. 7(3), 775–785. [in Polish]
Wrochna, M., Małecka-Przybysz, M., Gawrońska, H. (2010). Effect of road de-icing salts with anti corrosion agents on selected plant species. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 171–182.
Zhang, L., Ma, H., Chen, T., Pen, J., Yu, S., Zhao, X. (2014). Morphological and physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to salinity. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112807.
Zollinger, N., Koenig, R., Cerny-Koenig, T., Kjelgren, R. (2007). Relative salinity tolerance of intermountain western United States native herbaceous perennials. HortScience, 42, 529–534.
Aidesuquy, H.S. (1992). Growth and pigment content of wheat as influenced by the combined effects of salinity and growth regulators. Biol. Plant., 34(3–4), 275–283.
Arnon, D.J., Allen, M.B., Whatley, F. (1956). Photosyntesis by isolated chloroplast. Bioch. Biophys. Acta, 20, 449–461.
Bãnón, S., Miralles, J., Ochoa, J., Franco, J.A., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2011). Effects of diluted and undiluted treated wastewater on the growth, physiological aspects and visual quality of potted lantana and polygala plants. Sci. Hortic., 129, 869–876.
Bernstein, L., Francois, L.E., Clark, R.A. (1972). Salt tolerance of ornamental shrubs and ground covers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 97, 550–556.
Breś, W., Kupska, A., Trelka, T. (2014). Response of scarlet sage and common sunflower plants to salinity caused by sodium salts. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 315(32), 5–14.
Brugnoli, E., Björkman, O. (1992). Growth of cotton under continuous salinity stress: influence on allocation pattern, stomatal and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and dissipation of excess light energy. Planta, 187(3), 335–47
Carter, C.T., Grieve, C.M. (2006). Salt tolerance of floriculture crops. In: Ecophysiology of high salinity tolerant plants, Khan, M.A., Weber, D.J. (ed.). Springer, Netherlands, 279–287.
Cassaniti, C., Romano, D., Hop, M.E.C.M., Flowers, T.J. (2013). Growing floricultural crops with brackish water. Environ. Exp. Bot., 92, 165–175.
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J., Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann. Bot., 103, 551–56
De Hertogh, A.A., Le Nard, M. (1993). Ornithogalum. In: The physiology of flower bulbs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 761–764.
Duncan, G.D. (2013). Geophyte research and production in South Africa. In: Ornamental geophytes: From basic science to sustainable production, Kamenetsky, R., Okubo, H. (eds). Taylor and Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, p. 487.
Grieve, A.M., Walker, R.R. (1983). Uptake and distribution of chloride, sodium and potassium ions in salt-treated citrus plants. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 34, 133–143.
Grieve, C.M., Poss, J.A. (2010). Response of ornamental sunflower cultivars ‘Sunbeam’ and ‘Moonbright’ to irrigation with saline wastewaters. J. Plant Nutr., 33, 1579–1592.
Hager, A., Mayer-Berthenrath, T. (1966). Die isolierung und quanttative bestimung der carotenoide und chlorophyll von blatern, algen und isolierten chloroplasten mit hilfe dunnschichtchromatographischer methoden. Planta, 69, 198–217.
Hamada, A. M,. El-Enany, A.E. (1994). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biol. Plant., 36(1), 75–81.
Haouala, F., Sahli, I. (2011). NaCl effects on growth, flowering and bulbing of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus Hort.). Rev. Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic., 43(6), 378–383.
Helal, H.M, Mengel, K. (1979). Nitrogen metabolism of young barley plants as affected by NaClsalinity and potassium. Plant Soil, 51, 457–462.
Kariuki, W., Kako, S. (1999). Growth and flowering of Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. Sci. Hortic., 81(1), 57–70.
Koksal, N., Kulahlioglu, I., Ertargin, E., Torun, A.A. (2014). Relationship between salinity stress and ion uptake of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis). Turk. J. Agr. Nat. Sci., 1, 578–583.
Lee M.K., van Iersel, M.W. (2008). Sodium chloride effects on growth, morphology, and physiology of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium). HortScience, 43(6), 1888–1891.
Lichtenthaler, H.K., Rinderle, U. (1988). The role of chlorophyll fluorescence in the detection of stress conditions in plants. Critic. Rev. Anal. Chem., 19(1), 29–85.
Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants (2nd ed.). Academic Press, New York.
Niu, G., Cabrera R.I. (2010). Growth and physiological responses of landscape plants to saline water irrigation: A review. HortScience, 45(11), 1605–1609.
Ostrowska, A., Gawliński, S., Szczubiałka, Z. (1991). Procedures for soil and plants analysis. Inst. Environ. Prot. Warsaw [in Polish]
Parida, A.K., Das, A.B., Mittra, B. (2004). Effects of salt on growth, ion accumulation photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora. Trees-Struct. Funct., 18, 167–174.
Salachna, P. (2014). Effect of size of on the inflorescences and bulb yield of Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. grown in an unheated plastic tunnel. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 312(31), 153–158.
Salachna, P., Piechocki, R. Zawadzińska, A., Wośkowiak, A. (2015). Response of speckled spurflower to salinity stress and salicylic acid treatment. J. Ecol. Eng., 16(5), 68–75.
Salachna, P., Zawadzińska, A. (2013). The effects of flurprimidol concentrations and application methods on Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. grown as a pot plant. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8(49), 6625–6628.
Salachna, P., Zawadzińska, A. (2015). Comparison of growth, flowering and bulbs yield of four Ornithogalum L. species grown in the ground. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech. 318(34), 57–64.
Shillo, R., Ding, M., Pasternak, D., Zaccai, M. (2002). Cultivation of cut flower and bulb species with saline water. Sci. Hortic., 92(1), 41–54.
Torbaghan, M.E., Torbaghan, M.E. Ahmadi, M.M. (2011). The effect of salt stress on flower yield and growth parameters of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in greenhouse condition. Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci., 1(10), 421–427.
Türkoglu, N., Erez, M.E., Battal, P. (2011). Determination of physiological responses on hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) plant exposed to different salt concentrations. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10(32), 6045–6051.
Valdez-Aguilar, L.A., Grieve, C.M., Poss, J., Mellano, M.A. (2009). Hypersensitivity of Ranunculus asiaticus to salinity and alkaline pH in irrigation water in sand cultures HortScience, 44(1), 138–144.
Van Zandt, P.A., Mopper, S. (2002). Delayed and carryover effects of salinity on flowering in Iris hexagona (Iridaceae) Am. J. Bot., 89(11), 1847–1851.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Chen, D., Hassett, M. (2013). Narcissus cultivar differences in response to saline irrigation when application began either pre- or postemergence. HortScience, 48(3), 322–329.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Malinowski, M., Keefer, D. (2012). Leaf water status, osmotic adjustment and carbon assimilation in colored calla lilies in response to saline irrigation. Sci. Hortic., 144, 65–73.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Morningstar, L. (2011). Calla lily growth and development under saline irrigation. HortScience, 46(2), 222–227.
Veatch-Blohm, M.E., Sawch, D., Elia, N., Pinciotti, D. (2014). Salinity tolerance of three commonly planted Narcissus cultivars. HortScience, 49(9), 1158–1164.
Villarino, G.H., Mattson, N.S. (2011). Assessing tolerance to sodium chloride salinity in fourteen floriculture species. HortTechnology, 21(5), 539–545.
Wrochna, M., Gawrońska, H., Gawroński, S.W. (2006). Effect of salt stress on fresh and dry matter production and accumulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- ions in selected species of ornamental plants. Acta Agrophys. 7(3), 775–785. [in Polish]
Wrochna, M., Małecka-Przybysz, M., Gawrońska, H. (2010). Effect of road de-icing salts with anti corrosion agents on selected plant species. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 171–182.
Zhang, L., Ma, H., Chen, T., Pen, J., Yu, S., Zhao, X. (2014). Morphological and physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants to salinity. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112807.
Zollinger, N., Koenig, R., Cerny-Koenig, T., Kjelgren, R. (2007). Relative salinity tolerance of intermountain western United States native herbaceous perennials. HortScience, 42, 529–534.
Piotr Salachna
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
Agnieszka Zawadzińska
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
Cezary Podsiadło
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin
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